2022年2011年造价工程师《第二章安装工程施工技术》冲刺复习重点笔记 .pdf

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1、第二章安装工程施工技术第二章安装工程施工技术第一节切割与焊接一、切割切割是各种板材、型材、管材焊接成品加工过程中的首要步骤，也是保证焊接质量的重要工序。按照金属切割过程中加热方法的不同可以把切割方法分为火焰切割、电弧切割和冷切割三类。（一）火焰切割（氧-燃气切割、气割）其工作原理是：可燃气体与氧气混合燃烧的火焰热能将工件切割处预热到一定温度后，喷出高速切割氧流，使金属剧烈氧化燃烧并放出热量，利用切割氧流把熔化状态的金属氧化物吹掉，从而实现切割。1.氧一乙炔切割2.液化石油气切割3.氢氧源切割气割过程：预热燃烧 吹渣过程，符合下列条件的金属采用气割。否则应采取其他方式。（1）金属在氧气中的燃烧点

2、应低于其熔点；（2）气割时金属氧化物的熔点应低于金属的熔点；（3）金属在切割氧流中的燃烧应是放热反应；（4）金属的导热性不应太高；（5）金属中阻碍气割过程和提高钢的可淬性的杂质要少。符合上述条件的金属有纯铁、低碳钢、中碳钢和低合金钢以及钛等。注意：-钢中随着含碳量的增加，其熔点降低，燃点却增高，使气割不易进行。-对铜、铝、不锈钢、铸铁等金属（可采用碳弧切割），需采用特殊的气割方法或进行熔化切割。气割的优点：-设备简单、使用灵活。气割的缺点：-对切口两侧金属的成份和组织产生一定的影响，以及引起被割工件的变形等。4.氧熔剂切割氧熔剂切割是在切割氧流中加入纯铁粉或其它熔剂，利用它们的燃烧热和废渣作用

3、实现气割的方法为氧熔剂切割。（二）电弧切割电弧切割按生成电弧的不同可分为：等离子弧切割、碳弧气割。1等离子弧切割等离子弧切割是一种常用的金属和非金属材料切割的工艺方法。它利用高速、高温和高能的等离子气流来加热和熔化被切割材料。2碳弧气割电弧切割的适用范围及特点为：（1）在清除焊缝缺陷和清理焊根时，能在电弧下清楚地观察到缺陷的形状和深度，生产效率高，同时可对缺陷进行修复。（2）可用来加工焊缝坡口，特别适用于开U型坡口；（3）使用方便，操作灵活；文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA

4、8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 Z

5、A8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6

6、ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6

7、 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X

8、6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10

9、X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A1

10、0X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1（4）可进行全位置操作。可以清理铸件的毛边、飞刺、浇铸冒口及铸件中的缺陷；（5）加工多种不能用气割加工的金属，如铸铁、高合金钢、铜和铝及其合金等，对有耐腐蚀要求的不锈钢一般不采用此种方法切割。（6）设备、工具简单，操作使用安全

11、。碳弧气割可能产生的缺陷有：夹碳、粘渣、铜斑、割槽尺寸和形状不规则等。二、焊接（一）焊接的分类及特点按照焊接过程中金属所处的状态及工艺的特点，可以将焊接方法分为熔化焊、压力焊和钎焊三大类。1熔化焊熔化焊是利用局部加热的方法将联接处的金属加热至熔化状态而完成的焊接方法，可形成牢固的焊接接头。(1)气焊气焊所用的可燃气体与气割相同，主要有乙炔、液化石油气（丙烷、丁烷、丙烯等）和氢气等，氧气为助燃气体。气焊用的焊丝起填充金属的作用，焊接时与熔化的母材一起组成焊缝金属。-焊丝，应根据工件的化学成份和机械性能选用相应成份或性能的焊丝，有时也可以用从被焊板材上切下的条料作焊丝。-焊接有色金属、铸铁和不锈钢

12、时，还应采用焊粉（熔剂），用以消除覆盖在焊材及熔池表面上的难熔的氧化膜和其它杂质，并在熔池表面形成一层熔渣，保护熔池金属不被氧化，排除熔池中的气体、氧化物及其它杂质，提高熔化金属的流动性，使焊接顺利并保证质量和成形。-气焊主要应用于薄钢板、低熔点材料（有色金属及其合金）、铸铁件和硬质合金刀具等材料的焊接，以及磨损、报废车件的补焊、构件变形的火焰矫正等。气焊的优点：文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6

13、 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X

14、6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10

15、X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A1

16、0X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A

17、10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7

18、A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H

19、7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1-设备简单（氧气瓶、乙炔瓶、回火保险器、焊炬、减压器、氧气、乙炔、输送管等）使用灵活；对铸铁及些有色金属的焊接有较好的适应性；在电力供应不足的地方需要焊接时，气焊可以发挥更大的作用。气焊的缺点-生产效率较低；焊接后工件变形和热影响区较大；较难实现自动化。(2)电弧焊1)手弧焊手工电弧焊可以进行平焊、立焊、

20、横焊和仰焊等多位置焊接。另外由于电弧焊设备轻便，搬运灵活，可以在任何有电源的地方进行维修及装配中的短缝的焊接作业。特别适用于难以达到部位的焊接。-适用于各种金属材料、各种厚度和各种结构形状的焊接。如工业用碳钢、不锈钢、铸铁、铜、铝、镍及合金。2)埋弧焊埋弧焊也是利用电弧作为热源的焊接方法。埋弧焊时电弧是在一层颗粒状的可熔化焊剂覆盖下燃烧，电弧光不外露。埋弧有自动埋弧焊和半自动埋弧焊两种方式。前者的焊丝送进和电弧移动都由专门的机头自动完成，后者的焊丝送进由机械完成，电弧移动则由人工进行。埋弧焊的主要优点是：热效率较高，熔深大，工件的坡口可较小，减少了填充金属量；焊接速度高，当焊接厚度为8 10m

21、m 的钢板时，单丝埋弧焊速度可达 50 80cmmin；焊剂的存在不仅能隔开熔化金属与空气的接触，而且使熔池金属较慢地凝固，减少了焊缝中产生气孔、裂纹等缺陷的可能性。注意：-由于采用颗粒状焊剂，这种焊接方法一般只适用于平焊位置，且不能直接观察电弧与坡口的相对位置，容易焊偏。-不适于焊接厚度小于l mm 的薄板。文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1

22、C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G

23、1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10

24、G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F1

25、0G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F

26、10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7

27、F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F

28、7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1-由于埋弧焊熔深大，生产效率高，机械化操作的程度高，因而适于焊接中厚板结构的长焊缝。-埋弧焊能焊的材料包括：碳素结构钢，低合金结构钢、不锈钢、耐热钢等以及某些有色金属，如镍基合金、钛合金和铜合金等。3)气体保护电弧焊（气电焊）用外加气体作为电弧介质并保护电弧和焊接区的电弧焊称为气体保护电弧焊，简称气电焊气电焊与其它焊接方法相比，具有以下特点：-电弧和熔池的可

29、见性好，焊接过程中可根据熔池情况调节焊接参数；-焊接过程操作方便，没有熔渣或很少有熔渣，焊后基本上不需清渣；-电弧在保护气流的压缩下热量集中，焊接速度较快，熔池较小，热影响区窄，焊件焊后变形小；-有利于焊接过程的机械化和自动化，特别是空间位置的机械化焊接；-可以焊接化学活泼性强和易形成高熔点氧化膜的镁、铝、钛及其合金；-可以焊接薄板；-在室外作业时，需设挡风装制，否则气体保护效果不好，甚至很差；-电弧的光辐射很强；-焊接设备比较复杂，比焊条电弧焊设备价格高。气电焊通常按照电极是否熔化和保护气体不同，分为：钨极（不熔化极）惰性气体保护焊。钨极氩弧焊接操作方式分为手工焊、半自动焊和自动焊三类。钨极

30、惰性气体保护焊具有下列优点：-不和金属反应，并自动清除工件表面氧化膜的作用，可焊接化学活泼性强的有色金属、不锈钢、耐热钢等和各种合金；适用于薄板及超薄板材料焊接；文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码

31、:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编

32、码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档

33、编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文

34、档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1

35、文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S

36、1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2

37、S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1-可进行各种位置的焊接，也是实现单面焊双面成形的理想方法。不足之处是：-熔深浅，熔敷速度小，生产率较低；-其微粒有可能进入熔池，造成污染（夹钨）；-惰性气体（氩气、氦气）较贵，生产成本较高。钨极惰性气体保护焊所焊接的板材厚度范围，从生产率考虑以3mm 以下为宜。熔化极气体保护焊。-与钨极气体保护焊不同的是，作为焊极的焊丝在焊接过程中熔化为液态金属，填充在焊缝处。-具备不熔化极气体保护焊的主要优点（可进行各种位置的焊接；适用于有色金属、不锈钢、耐热钢、碳钢、合金钢绝大多数金属的焊接）外，同时也具有焊接速度较

38、快，熔敷效率较高等优点。CO2 气体保护焊。CO2 气体保护焊属熔化极气体保护焊，其具有生产效率高、焊接变形小、适用范围广等特点。焊接时电弧为明弧焊，可见性好，采用半自动焊接法进行曲线焊缝和空间位置焊缝的焊接十分方便，操作简单，容易掌握，但不足之处是焊接飞溅较大，防风能力差。-CO2 气体保护焊可以焊接碳钢和低合金钢；-从工件厚度上看，采用钢丝短路过渡的方法，可以焊接薄板；采用粗丝熔滴过渡的方法，可以焊接中、厚板；-从焊接位置上看，可以进行全位置焊接，也可以进行平焊、横角焊及其他空间位置的焊接。(3)等离子弧焊等离子弧焊也是一种不熔化极电弧焊，其等离子弧是自由电弧压缩而成的，叫转移电弧。其离子

39、气为氩气、氮气、氦气或其中二者之混合气。等离子弧的能量集中，温度高，焰流速度大。这些特性使得等离子弧广泛应用于焊接、喷涂和堆焊。等离子弧焊与钨极惰性气体保护焊相比，有以下特点：文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H

40、2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2

41、H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F

42、2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2

43、F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P

44、2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8

45、P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA

46、8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S11）等离子弧能量集中、温度高，对于大多数金属在一定厚度范围内都能获得小孔效应，可以得到充分熔透，反面成形均匀的焊缝；2）焊接速度比钨极惰性气体保护焊快；3）能够焊接更细、更薄的工件（如1mm 以下极薄金属的焊接）；2压力焊(1)电阻焊电阻焊是将被焊工件压紧于两电极之间，并通以电流，利用电流流经工件接触面及邻近区域产生的电阻热将其加热到熔化或塑性状态，使之形成金属结合的一种方法。电阻焊方法主要有四种：即点焊、缝焊、凸焊和对焊。(2)超声波焊塑料超声波焊接的原理是使塑料的焊接面在超声波能量的作用

47、下作高频机械振动而发热熔化，同时施加焊接压力，从而把塑料焊接在一起。3.钎焊钎焊是把比被焊金属熔点低的钎料金属加热熔化至液态，然后使其渗透到被焊金属接缝的间隙中而达到结合的方法。钎焊接头一般强度较低，耐热性差。钎焊的优点是容易保证焊件的尺寸精度，同时对于焊件母材的组织及性能的影响也比较小；适用于各种金属材料、异种金属和金属与非金属的连接；。钎焊的缺点是钎焊接头的耐热能力比较差，接头强度比较低，钎焊时表面清理及焊件装配质量的要求比较高。（二）常用焊接材料及设备1焊接材料(1)手工电弧焊焊接材料1)焊条的组成-焊条就是涂有药皮的供电弧焊使用的熔化电极。它是由药皮和焊芯两部分组成。文档编码:CM7F

48、7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7

49、F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM

50、7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:CM7F7F10G1C10 HP1R8H7A10X6 ZA8P2F2H2S1文档编码:C