2022年高考英语试卷完型填空及阅读理解题应考技巧阅读七篇和改错九篇.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语试卷完型填空及阅读懂得题应考技巧及08 年高考英语考前复习完形填空题七篇,阅读七篇和改错九篇（附具体解析）检测同学在语言方面的基础学问和运用才能是英语高考的主要目标 , 而完型填空和阅读懂得这两部分集中表达了这两点,所以这两部分是英语高考中的重点题型,占据了较大的分值,同时也是同学简洁失分的部分；完型填空：揣摩前因后果,查找解题线索完型填空又称综合填空,是一种综合性语言测试题,它不同于单纯的语法或词汇测试题,而是要求同学从语篇的整体内容动身,借助词汇、句子结构、 文化背景、上下文等来做出选择；同学在这类题目中的失分主要是由于片面懂得句子

2、,脱离上下文所致； 因此在解题时要 留意的是：一、千万不要急于下笔,必需先通读全文,明白文章大意后再进行解题；二、当遇到难以判定的情形时,先不要焦急,回头看看前面的文章,或者接着往下读,认真揣摩一下前因后果、规律关系、作者思路等,总能找到相应的线索帮忙解题；三、就近几年的完型填空题来看,仍要求同学能把握文章的整体风格；比如在一篇文章中,有一个空格需填作者认为生活中布满了什么,经排除同学最终在“challenge ” 仍是“ misery ” 之间徘徊,其实假如能够总揽全篇,就不难发觉这是一篇励志的文章,作者的整体写作风格是明快的,在这个空格处如填入“misery ” 一词,明显与文章整体格格不

3、入,那么“ challenge ” 就是更合适的挑选；四、答题时要留意词与词、句与句、段落与段落间的关系,比如在“social ” 与“ economic” 中间应填入的词是“culture ” ,与“physical ” 并列的就应是“mental ” ；再如,要判定作者下面要讲的内容究竟是承接上文的,仍是转折的,或是总结概括的等等,据此来挑选“however” 、“andtherefore ” 、“inaword ” 等相应的连接部分；五、今年高考将完型填空的第一篇改为选词填空类,其解题思路其实也大同小异,只是同学应在解题前加入一个步骤将所给的单词依照词性划分归类,判定句子的结构后确定所缺

4、词的词性,最终依据词义填入；如此逐一排除,难度会有所降低；策略一、紧扣主旨大意高考 Q 吧 英语阅读懂得的主旨大意题主要是考查考生在懂得全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等规律思维的方法对文章进行高度的概括或总结的才能；常见的设问方式有： 标题类： Whats the best title/headline for the passage？ 大意类： The text is mainly about_.The topic/subject _ .From the passage,we can conclude that _ . discussed in the passage is 作者意图

5、类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？针对主旨大意类型的题,考生可以把握以下解题策略：把握文章规律结构,快速找出主题；查找主题句, 确定文章中心思想；将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体,得出文章主题；逆向思维法解标题类问题；一、把握文章规律结构,快速找出主题高考阅读懂得文章的主要规律结构：1、时间次序；按时间先后次序说明某一大事、某一理论的进展过程,属于这种结构的文章 主题通常在首段或末段；名师归纳总结 2、“ 总说 - 分述” 结构； 首段做总的说明,其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点,属于第 1 页,共 31 页这种结

6、构的文章主题在首段；最典型的是新闻报道类文章,此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅读- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中逐步增多； 一般这类文章都有固定格式：城市名称 新闻社 新闻内容；把握一些国际知名新闻社的英文名称是必要的,路透社Reuters ,美联社Associated Press,法新社Agence France Presse；3、“ 分述 - 总说” 结构；前面几段分别说明,末段总结；属于这种结构的文章主题在末段；二、查找主题句,确定文章中心思想不是全部的文章都有主题句,对于大部分有主题句的文章来说,主题句表达了文章的中心思想,找到了主题句,也就抓住

7、了文章的主旨大意；主题句出现的形式有：1、在文首；文章开门见山,提出主题,随后摆事实、讲道理来说明、支撑和进展主题句所 表达的主题思想；2、在文中；通常前面只提出问题,随之陈述细节引出主题,而后做进一步的说明、支撑或 进展；3、在文尾；在表述细节后,归纳要点,得出结论,以概括主题；三、将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体,得出文章主题 随后在各段分别进一步从不同角度连续阐述,这 通常有些文章会在首段提出一个重要论点,样我们可以找出首段的中心句,再将其和各段第一句串联在一起,就可以得出文章的中心思 想；如： 2006 北京卷 D篇 71 题 Which is the best title f

8、or the passage？A.Societal Conditions in Premodern Times B.Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment C.Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate D.Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents 第一段： Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused,a number of societal practices develope

9、d which worked against early attachment of mother and child. 其次段：One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year.第三段： A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. 从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出,这篇文章的标题应

10、当是 Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment. 四、逆向思维法解标题类问题针对这类题型, 考生不妨摸索一下, “ 假如我是作者, 遇到这样的标题, 文章应当怎样写？”如：2005 全国 I 卷 B 篇 62 题What would be the best title for the text？A.A Cross-country Trip B.A Special Border Pass C.An Unguarded Border D.An Expensive Church Visit 假如标题是 A Cross-country Trip ,那么文章应当

11、叙述一次出境旅行；假如标题是 A Special Border Pass,那么文章应当着重讲一个特别的边疆通行证；假如标题是 An Unguarded Border ,那么文章应当侧重讲边疆如何不设防；假如标题是 An Expensive Church Visit,那么文章应当讲一次礼拜如何花费昂贵了；经过这样的逆向思维,我们不难发觉文章的内容恰好与标题 An Expensive Church Visit 一样,因此应当选 D；策略二、把握作者意图每一篇文章都有其写作目的；那么作者是如何在文章中表达自己的思想呢？他通过哪些语言名师归纳总结 向读者传达了自己的感受呢？我们在阅读的同时怎样收集、综

12、合各种信息, 体会作者的情感第 2 页,共 31 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 呢？明白这些有助于我们在做阅读懂得题时把握作者思路,领悟文章内涵, 做出正确的挑选；要做到这一点, 我们需要从两个方面入手：一是把握作者的写作意图,二是把握出题的角度；下面我们就分别分析一下；一、对于写作意图的把握有的文章只是客观地介绍一件事或物,或各方观点, 作者不发表自己个人的看法,如一些科技文,新闻大事报道等；这样的文章属于“ 广而告知型” ；要依据客观事实答题,一是一,二是二,凡与事实不符的选项,或文中没有提到的事实,当然都是不能选的；这样的题目难度一般都不会

13、很大；最难于驾驭的是一些故事性、情感经受性的文章；由于作者在行文时会用到一些写作手法,如倒叙、插叙等；往往仍会有一些思想、情感的波动；这就需要我们在阅读时认真把握,细心体会；1. 留意连接词的使用：Near the end of the last year in middle school ,my dad took me to the wildlife refuge.He needed to get some aligator blood to do the experiment.At first,I thought fishing for alligators was a bad idea.

14、What if one tried to eat me？But we had a lot of help,and my dad knew a lot about alligators,so it was OK. 通过第一句可知这是倒叙；我们知道了结果：作者去了野生动物爱护区；接下来是作者起初由反感、可怕到最终打消顾虑同意去；都是通过连接词 at first,but ,so 等绽开的；所设题目是：Why did the writer think that fishing for aligators was a bad idea at first？A.Because the writer was

15、afraid of the fierce alligators B.Because we should protect alligator C.Because the writer was not as brave as his father D.Because the writer knew little about alligators 弄清了作者的思想波动就不难选出正确答案 A 了；2. 留意一些形容词及某些特定句式的使用：透过一些形容词可以看出作者的倾向,如：Isnt that wonderful if we get there by air？ 作者期望坐飞机去那里； 某些句型表面看上

16、去是比较级,而实际上是最高级含义；My mother decided to take me on the trip.It couldnt be better.It couldnt be better=Its great. 意为“ 太好了” 某 些 否 定 形 式 的 句 子 实 际 上 是 肯 定 含 义 ： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much. 再怎么强调爱护环境的重要性也不过分； 作者以这样的句子表达自己的观点：必需加大力度爱护环境；留意虚拟语气的使用；How I wish I

17、had passed the driving test.我多么期望已通过了驾照考试呀！ 此句暗含的事实是：并没通过考试；3. 将自己想象为故事中的主人公,体会其心理感受有一篇文章, 写一个老太太刚刚在海边买了一座别墅,准备在那里度过余生；由于那里的气候潮湿暖和,更适合她的健康；此时她站在曾经生活了25 年的房子里,最终环顾这曾经装载了她的大半生的房子；所给的问题是：How does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house？正确答案是：Her feeling is complex. 其他的选项如 She is happy/She

18、 is sad 等都片面；只要我们设身处地站在老太太的位置上想一想,就不难找到正确答案；4. 把握全篇文脉,认真揣摩事情发生的背景我们不仅要把握肯定的语言学问,仍需要平常储备肯定的规律推理才能以及必要的西方的文化背景学问, 才能完全领悟文章的主旨或者其所渗透出的幽默感；请看下面这篇介绍父子关系的文章；第一句话就开门见山：My father and I were very close.He was always proud 名师归纳总结 of my success. 然后用一个事例说明：If I won a spelling contest at school ,he was on 第 3 页,

19、共 31 页top of the world.假如知道 be on top of the world是“ 兴奋至极” 的意思,也只是懂得- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 了语言的表层含义；接下来：When I was named President of the Ford Motor Company,I didnt know which of us was more excited.正确懂得了上文的铺垫,才会真正领悟此句暗含的意味及幽默：实际上父亲比我仍兴奋；假如对西方人的生活方式及习惯比较明白的话 , 也 不 难 接 受 下 面 的 句 子 ： I

20、hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunity nothing could have felt more natural. 我们再来连续观赏一下父亲鲜明的个性： My father was a curious man who was always trying new things.He was the first person in my town to buy a motorcycle.Unfortunately, my father and his motorcycle didnt get along too well.He fell off

21、it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it.As a result,he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels. 读懂了这些,就不难懂得下文中为什么父亲不让“ 我” 拥有一辆自行车,反而当“ 我” 刚满 16 岁就让我开车了；正确懂得了文章的来龙去脉及内涵,对于文后题目的处理也就会轻而易举了；二、对于出题意图的把握1. 正确懂得一个事物的两个方面有些题目不是直接照搬原文的话,而是用一些另外的语言表达出同样的意思,因此我们必需把握用英文

22、说明英文的技能；如一篇介绍辍学同学的文章,文章先后两次谈到同学辍学后的感想；第一次：Most students who dropped out of school in the United States admit they made a mistake by giving more chalenging. up and some say they might have stayed if classes were 其次次： three out of four said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to stay.

23、文后的题目是 Which of the folowing is right according to the passage？正确答案是： Most dropout students hope to go back to school if possible. 虽然原文没有像题目这样明确说明,但其实这是一个事物的两个方面；对于辍学的懊悔其实就是期望继续上学；通过正确推断这些文句的含义,即可找出正确答案；2. 以文章内容为基础进行判定有些题目要依据短文的内容来判定正误,这就需要按作者的思路去考虑,站在作者或文章内容中显现的人物的立场上予以辨析,不能依据自己的喜好或认知判定；策略三、合理推理判定推

24、理判定题在高考中占很大的比重,同学在此类题型中也失分最多；推理判定题要求考生考虑文中信息并在通篇懂得文章的基础上领悟作者的言外之意,断；弦外之音做出合理的推理和判一、懂得定义； 判定是对已知的事实认真评判之后做出的合理打算；推理是对事实的内涵所 做的陈述或以事实为依据对未知所做的陈述；留意无论是判定仍是理都是以已知事实为依 据；二、推理题常见的提问形式；常以infer,imply ,indicate,suggest ,conclude ,learn ,intend ,mean,describe ,purpose 等词提问；或含有表估计的情态动词,如can,could ,might ,would

25、 等和其他表示可能性的动词,如probably ,mostlikely 等；三、具体策略1. 通过辨认细节的技巧,找到相关的事实或证据,对这些事实或证据进行分析和评判,在此基础上再作打算；切记：推断是以文章供应的事实为依据,而不是凭空想象,更不是读者自己的意愿；名师归纳总结 2. 借助常识；在推理判定题中,我们平常积存的一些常识通常会派上用场；2006 年陕西高第 4 页,共 31 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考英语 Q 吧 试卷中一篇关于通信进展史的阅读最为典型；A.The postal service has over the years

26、become faster. B.The postal service has over the years become slower.大家都应知道交通越来更加达,邮电业当然是 faster. 此篇仍涉及到有关发邮件的常识,如果同学们有这个 common sense,就如鱼得水了；3. 务必要用排除法；排除法在此类题型中发挥着不行磨灭的作用；依据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息,再排除和文章中一词不差的信息 文章里的原句不会是推理判定出来的结果,但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案 ,最终再排除无关或偏离信息,正确答案就不言而喻了；4. 词句段篇, 相互交融； 词的懂得要放

27、在句子里,句子的懂得要靠段,段的懂得也离不开篇；单独说 floor 谁都知道是什么意思,但she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover,in her own handwriting 这个语境里是 surprised 的意思；因此不能独立地看某个词或某句话；此外, 同学对一词多义或一些习语的积存也是很有必要的,这就要靠同学们课下多下工夫了；5. 平常扩大词汇量的同时也要留意学习词的深刻内涵；从措辞去查找文章的感情颜色,推测作者的态度或写作意图；现仅举一简洁的例子；When the phone finally ra

28、ng, he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.从这几个词我们能形象地看出他等电话之久,紧急迫不及待的心情,同时也说明电话之重要,这正是作者的真正意图；2022 年高考英语考前复习完形填空题A Good advice is like medicine for the soul. What kind of 1 have you recently received. Who do you go to got advice. Do you have a mentor 2 adviser. 顾问 . A mentor is a P

29、arents, teacher and friends are often great 3 .Sports figures, public officials, and nationally know figures van also be good 4 of mentors, but a person with whim you are a personal relationship will most likely be able to 5 you the best advice. Mentors teach things that seem to be 6 sense. Proverbs

30、 are wise old sayings that are common in every language and 7 , and can sometimes be 8 for a nonnative to understand. For example, all that 9 is not goldsome things are not as 10 as they appear . Advice 11 in newspapers and magazines are another way to 12 advice. Talk shows on radio and television a

31、re also very popular. Americans and Canadians love to 13 themselves. Many people are not 14 to ask for help or 15 about a problem in order to receive advice. People generally will 16 their own experience to 17 their friends. Overcoming a difficult situation is 18 respecter in North America. People l

32、ove to heat motivational 积极的 stories and 19 . One proverb, a friend in need is a friend indeed, shares the concept that a true friend will help you out in times of 20 . 1. A. success B. measure C. position D. advice 2. A. devoted B. united C. trusted D. expected 3. A. interviewers B. mentors C. foll

33、owers D. competitors 4. A. examples B. mentors C. manners D. services 5. A. consider B. exchange C. adapt D. offer 6. A. present B. attractive C. common D. particular 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. A. experience B. difference C. culture D. behavior 8. A. simple B. diffic

34、ult C. natural D. brief 9. A. glitters B. packages C. acts D. forces 10. A. different B. negative C. primary D. valuable 11. A. columns B. materials C. wonders D. add 12. A. reduce B. add C. keep D. get 13. A. enjoy B. teacher C. express D. defeat 14. A. brave B. afraid C. honest D. lucky 15. A. tal

35、k B bring. C. care D. look 16. A. remind B. suggest C. cline D. share 17. A. lead to B. set free C. help out D. take over 18. A. originally B. highly C. equally D. closely 19. A. encouragement B. sadness C. movement D. adventure 20. A. happiness B. trouble C. excitement D. nature 答案与解析：1.D 本文的主题就是讲猎

36、取建议,依据前后内容可知；2.C 既然你要找一个顾问,那他肯定是个值得你信任的人3.B 从上文提示 “Do you have a mentor 顾问 ？ A mentor is a adviser可以知道此处是“父母,老师,伴侣常常是你最好的顾问”；4.A 前面提到是体育明星等,明显是顾问的好例子来列举的；5.D offer sb. advice 主动 给某人供应建议；6.C 依据下文内容知道,这里指的是 Common sense 常识7.C 谚语通常是产生于各种语言和文化中的；8.B 很明显,一个谚语对非母语的人来说,懂得是困难的；9.A 考查动词区分,这里 glitter 意思是发光,构成

37、谚语,意思就是发光的不肯定都是金子；10.D 这句是对前面谚语的说明；“ 有些东西并不象表面上的那样有价值；” 明显只有valuable 符合句子意思；11.A 从后面的 “in newspapers and magazines 可以知道是报纸杂志上的“建议专栏 ” ；12.D 从建议专栏猎取建议；13.C 依据前一句知道“ 脱口秀 ” 特别受欢迎；美国人和加拿大人喜爱表达自己的心声；express oneself 意思是表达自己的心声；其他几个选项的搭配和原文不符；enjoy oneself玩得高兴, teach oneself, 自学； defeat oneself 打败自己；14.B 从

38、下文 “ in order to receive advice. 可以知道他们为了猎取建议不行怕寻求帮忙或谈论自己的问题；15.A 这里是谈论自己的问题；16.D 依据后面的 experience 知道这里应当是指共享自己的经受；share “共享 “,remind “提示 ”suggest建议 clone 克隆；17.C 这里应当是帮忙伴侣摆脱困境；所以用 help out. 18. B 这里是说特别受敬重,highly 高度地,很；19.A 从前面的 motivational stories 可知应当是积极向上的内容,所以 A 正确；20.B 既然是帮忙伴侣,当然是在他们处于困境的时候；B

39、 名师归纳总结 Believe it or not, there are good reasons for wearing a school uniform. It 第 6 页,共 31 页makes you 1 proud of your school. It builds a common spirit of unity整体 among - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - students and 2 them of the values and history of their school. But for most students, scho

40、ol uniform are not something to be proud of 3 . “Why 4 the school uniform just one day a week. Always wearing the same clothes makes me f eel boring,” a senior student from a high school complained 抱怨. “ I don t like the big English letters of the name of our school on the back, said a junior studen

41、t “They could be 5 .” The main students complaints about school uniforms are: simple colors, boring designs and bad 6 . And a teacher at a middle school in Guangzhou said that 7 a teacher and a mother, she eagerly 8 the quality of school uniforms will be improved soon. What has caused all these prob

42、lems. Chen Hong, a uniform designer in t see the Shenzhen, pointed out that problems 9 because the whole society doesn10 of the school uniform. “Most designers are 11 to stick to the same old fashion, 12 there are no professionals 13 work for students,” Chen said.His company 14 most of the awards in

43、 the first national competition for school uniforms last month in Nanning, Guangxi. “Besides, high quality calls for a high price,” said Chen. “But in some schools, the annuals expense for each students uniform is only 50 to 60 Yuan. How can we produce high quality clothes with so 15 money.”Even wit

44、h these problems, efforts have been made 16 the situation, according to Zhai Shiliang, 17 of the School Uniform Administration and Service Center in Beijing. A school clothes competition was held in April in Beijing. Thirty-seven uniforms, 18 in schools next spring, were selected from 570. “We will

45、offer the samples 样品 for school to choose.” Zhai said.“The perfect uniform should remind the students of the schools honor and cause them to be proud of it 19 they are.” Chen said. Zhai added, “During the 2022 Olympic Games, the whole world will see the new appearance of our 20 century young generation with new school uniforms.”1. A. take B. feel C. to take D. to feel 2. A. remains B.