《机械制图教案》第一章.pdf

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1、机械制图教案（92 学时）教材：机械制图、机械制图习题集（安徽省高职高专规划教材张信群主编合肥工业大学出版社）授课教师：张信群机电工程系滁州职业技术学院第一讲绪论课题：1、本课程的研究对象2、本课程的任务和学习方法3、我国工程图学的发展概况课堂类型：讲授教学目的：1、讲解图样的概念及形成2、介绍本课程的任务、特点和学习方法教学要求：1、了解本课程的任务和性质2、领会本课程的学习方法教学重点：图样的形成及与立体图的比较教具：长方体模型教学方法：本次课是介绍绪论部分，主要目的是引导学生培养起对这门课的兴趣，讲课时尽可能采用较为生动活泼的语言和教学形式，并结合自己的体会和以往积累的教学经验，向学生介

2、绍一些适时可行的学习方法。教学过程：一、引入新课题机械制图是一门重要的技术基础课，它是是研究如何运用正投影基本原理，绘制和阅读机械工程图样的课程。主要任务是培养学生看图、绘图和空间想象能力，达到教学大纲中对本课程所提出的教学要求，以适应今后从事工程技术工作的需要。二、教学内容（一）本课程的研究对象1、图样的概念准确地表达物体的形状、尺寸和技术要求的图，称为图样。（对此定义文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J

3、6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C

4、1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J

5、6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C

6、1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J

7、6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C

8、1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J

9、6S1I6C8作简要说明，并强调：形状、尺寸和技术要求三个方面，缺一不可）2、机械制图的概念在建筑工程中使用的图样称为建筑图样，在机械工程中使用的图样称为机械图样。机械制图是以机械图样作为研究对象的，即研究如何运用正投影基本原理，绘制和阅读机械工程图样的课程。3、图样的作用（1）图样是工厂组织生产、制造零件和装配机器的依据。（2）图样是表达设计者设计意图的重要手段。（3）图样是工程技术人员交流技术思想的重要工具，被誉为“工程界技术语言”。4、图样的形成（1）立体图表示物体的大致形状可以用立体图。立体图是从一个方向、用一个图形来表达物体的形状。如图所示，只能看见长方体的前面、上面和左面，后面、下

10、面和右面无法看清；而且长方体是由六个矩形面构成的，但矩形都变形为平行四边形。如果对此长方体作进一步加工，则会发现：圆孔打得多深，方槽是否前后贯通，在立体图中表达不清楚，而圆形也变形为椭圆形。综上：立体图的缺点有：1）发生变形。2）物体内部和后面等看不见部分的结构表达不清楚。文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编

11、码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K

12、6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编

13、码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K

14、6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编

15、码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K

16、6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C83）没有尺寸和技术要求。可见，立体图不能反映出物体的真实形状，所以，不能直接应用在生产

17、上。但是，立体图也有独特的优点：立体感强。因此可以作为生产图样的辅助性说明。生产中广泛采用的图样是用正投影法绘制的。（2）正投影法具体定义后面章节介绍。简单地说，在物体后面放一张图纸，眼睛正对着图纸看物体，把看到的物体形状在图纸上反映出来。这里把平行的视线当作投影线，把图纸看作投影面，画在纸上的图形就是物体的投影，称为视图，这就是正投影法的形象说明。一般是从三个方向对物体投影，因此得到三个图形，称为三视图。长方体的三视图如图所示。立体图产生变形的地方，视图能正确地表达出来；立体图表达不清楚的地方，视图却能完全表达清楚，这样就能物体的真实形状完全地反映出来，如果再注上尺寸、技术要求，就构成一张完

18、整的图样。（二）本课程的任务和学习方法1、本课程的主要任务文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI

19、5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X

20、1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI

21、5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X

22、1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI

23、5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X

24、1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8（1）学习正确、熟练地使用绘图仪器、工具，掌握较强的绘图方法和技能。（2）学习正投影法的基本原理，掌握运用正投影法表达空间物体的基本理论和方法，具有图解空间几何问题的初步能力。（3）学习、贯彻在读图和画图的实践过程中，要注意逐步熟悉和掌握国家标准技术制图与机械制图及其他有关规定，并具有查阅有关标准及手

25、册的能力。（4）培养学生绘制（含零、部件测绘）和阅读中等复杂程度的零件图和装配图的能力。（5）培养学生严肃认真的工作态度和严谨细致的工作作风。2、本课程的学习方法（1）在学习本课程时，除了通过听课和复习，掌握基本理论、基本知识和基本方法以外，还要结合生产实际完成一系列的制图作业，进行将空间物体表达成平面图形，再由平面图形想象空间物体的反复训练，掌握空间物体和平面图形的转化规律，并逐步培养空间想象力。（2）正确处理读图和画图的关系。对于从事机械制造工作的人员，正确地读懂图样是非常重要的。但是，绘制图样也同样重要的，画图可以加深对制图规律和内容的理解，从而能够提高读图能力。同样只有对图样理解得好，

26、才能又快又好地将其画出。（3）在读图和画图的实践过程中，要注意逐步熟悉和掌握国家标准技术制图与机械制图及其他有关规定，在学习中应注意养成认真负责、耐心细致、一丝不苟的优良作风。（三）我国工程图学的发展概况我国比较早记载工程上使用工程图的文献是尚书，书中记载公元前1059 年，周公曾画了一幅建筑区域平面图送给周成王作为营造城邑之用。文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1

27、A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6

28、S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1

29、A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6

30、S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1

31、A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6

32、S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8宋代李诫于公元1100 年完

33、成 营造法式 三十六卷，附图就占了六卷，其中有平面图、立体图和断面图等图样，画法上有正投影、轴侧投影和透视投影等，充分证明了我国工程图学技术很早以前就已达到了较高水平。宋代以后，元代王帧所著的农书、明代宋应星所著的天工开物等书中都附有上述类似图样。清代徐光启所著的农政全书，画出了许多农具图样，包括构造细部和详图，并附有详细的尺寸和制造技术的注解。但是由于长期的封建统治和列强侵略，致使我国工程图学的发展停滞不前。解放以后，机械工业发展迅速，我国于1959 年颁布了国家标准机械制图。改革开放以后，三、小结本次课主要是介绍性的内容，必须掌握的是图样的概念、内容、形成方法及其与立体图的对比。第二讲11

34、 国家标准关于制图的一般规定课题：1、图纸幅面的规定2、比例3、字体4、图线课堂类型：讲授教学目的：1、介绍图纸幅面、图框格式和尺寸、标题栏格式和内容、常用的比例和字体2、介绍图线的种类、应用和画法教学要求：1、掌握图样上的一般规定文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6

35、K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码

36、:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6

37、K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码

38、:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6

39、K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码

40、:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C82、掌握九种图线的应用和画法教学重点：1、粗实线、细实线、虚线和细点画线的画法2、比例的概念和应用教学难点：虚线和细点画线的画法

41、教具：挂图“图线及其应用”教学方法：介绍图线时，结合挂图，讲解清楚各种图线的画法及主要作用，为学生以后画图打下基础。九种图线也应该详略分开，重点讲解粗实线、细实线、虚线和细点画线，其余五种图线略讲。教学过程：一、复习旧课简要复习图样的概念、作用及形成方法。二、引入新课题本次课从画图的技能方面着手，摘要介绍国家标准技术制图和机械制图有关图纸幅面、比例、字体、图线的统一规定。三、教学内容（一）图纸幅面的规定为了便于图样的绘制、使用和保管，图样均应画在规定幅面和格式的图纸。1、图纸幅面讲解表 11。2、图纸格式讲解图 11、图 12。3、标题栏的位置和格式标题栏的位置一般在图框的右下角。看图的方向应

42、与标题栏的方向一致。讲解图 12、图 1 3。学校的制图作业中建议采用如图13(b)所示的文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A

43、1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S

44、1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A

45、1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S

46、1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A

47、1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S

48、1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8格式。（二）比例比例图样中机件要素的线性尺寸与实际机件相应要素的线性尺寸之比。强调：（1）比例规范化，不可随意确定，按照表1 2 选取。（2）画图时应尽量采用1:1 的比例（即原值比例）画图，以便直接从图样中看出机件的真实大小（3）图样不论放大或缩小，图样上标注的尺寸均

49、为机件的实际大小，而与采用的比例无关。（4）绘制同一机件的各个视图应采用相同的比例，并在标题栏的比例栏中填写。（三）字体图样中的汉字应采用长仿宋体，长仿宋体汉字书写的特点：横平竖直、起落有锋、粗细一致、结构匀称。在图样中，字母和数字可写成斜体或直体，斜体字字头向右倾斜，与水平基准线75。字母和数字分A 型和 B 型，但在同一图样上，只允许选用一种型式。（四）图线图线分粗、细两种。粗线的宽度b 应按照图的大小及复杂程度，在 0.5 2 mm 之间选择，细线的宽度约为b/2。图线宽度的推荐系列为：0.18、0.25、0.35、0.5、0.7、1、1.4、2 mm。制图作业中一般选择0.7 mm 为

50、宜。同一图样中，同类图线的宽度应基本一致。图线的画法参照表13。1、粗实线应用：可见轮廓线、表示剖切面起迄的剖切符号。文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文档编码:CX2M6X1C1A1 HE1Q2K6K2Z1 ZI5J6S1I6C8文