2022年高三英语虚拟语气专题复习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思高三英语虚拟语气专题复习一语气的定义和种类；1 语气 mood 语气是动词的一种形式,法和态度；2 语气的种类表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事 实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句；如：There are two sides to every question. 方面；Were you busy all day yesterday. 吗？每个问题都有两个 昨天一成天你都很忙How good a teacher she is. 她是多好的一位老师啊！b.

2、 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的恳求或命令；如：Never be late again.再也不要迟到了；Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯；c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说 话人的主观愿望、假设或估计等；如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.假如我是一只小鸟,我名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思就能在空中飞行；I wish I could pass the ex

3、amination. May you succeed. 祝您胜利！二虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法；我期望我能通过考试；条件从句有两类,一是真实条件句,另一是虚拟条件句；如 果假设的情形可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情形下谓语用 陈述语气；如：If time permits, well go fishing together.假如时间答应,我们就一起去钓鱼；假如假设的情形是不存在的或不大可能发生的,就是虚拟条 件句；如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.假如你昨天来,你就会见到那位闻名的教；授了；（

4、隐含的事实是： 你昨天没来, 也没见到那位闻名教授）名师归纳总结 第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语 气,现将其形式列表如下：动从句主句词形式 时间与现在事动词过去式wouldcould/should/might+动词实相反be 的过去原形式用 were与过去事had+ 动词wouldcould/should/might+have动词实相反过去分词过去分词与将来事动词过去式wouldcould/should/might+实可能相shou

5、ld+ 动原形反词原形were to+ 动 词原形注：主句中的should只用于第一人称,但在美国英语中,should常被 would代替；从句中的 should可用于各种人称；1表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思If I were you, I shouldwould ,could, mighttell him the truth. 要是我是你, 我就会告知他真相了； （事实上我不是你）If she had time, she woul

6、dcould, mighthelp me. 假如 她有时间,她就会帮我了；（事实上她没有时间）2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果；如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I shouldwould, could, might have telephoned you. 假如昨 天我知道了你的电话号码,我就会给你打电话了；（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码；）If you had taken my advice, you wouldntcouldnhave failed in the exam.假如你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格；（事实

7、上你根本没听我的；）3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果；如：If it should rain, the crops wouldcould, mightbe saved. 假如天下雨,庄稼可能就收成了；-What would happen if I put the paper on the fire. -It would burn. -我如把只放在火上会怎么样？-纸会烧着；注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -were to + 第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思动

8、词原形比较正式,常用于书面语中；如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would could, might have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.三虚拟语气的其它用法；1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法；在“ It is important strange, natural, necessary that ”这类句型中, that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“ should+ 动词原形 ” 结构,表示某事是 “ 重要 ” ,“ 古怪 ” ,“ 自 然” ,“ 必要 ” 等意义；如：It is important

9、that every Beijinger should be able to speak English. 重要的是每个北京人能说英语；It is necessary that he should be sent to hospital at once. 有必要立刻把他送医院；2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法；（1）在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事 实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词 that ；a.表示对现在情形的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式be 的过去式用 were 表示；如：I wish I knew the answer to the questio

10、n. 我期望知道这个问题的答案；（惋惜不知道；）I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思around. 但愿我的家乡四季如春；（只是愿望,实际根本不行能实现；）b.表示对过去情形的虚拟：从句动词用 had+ 过去分词；如：I wish that I hadnt wasted so much time. 我懊悔不该铺张这么多时间；（实际上已经铺张掉了；）He wishes wishe

11、d he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会；（事实上机会已经失去了,他感到惋惜；）c.表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“ would/could/might+ 动词原形 ” ,此时要留意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,由于主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）；如：I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would be quiet.但愿雨能停止；我期望你寂静一些；（2）在 suggest （建议） , demand 要求 , order 命令 , propose 建议

12、, insist （坚持要做） , command 命令 , request 要求 , desire 期望 等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动 词用 “ should+ 动词原形 ” ,表示建议,要求,命令等；如：I suggest that we should start the meeting at once. 我建议立刻开会；The undergraduate insisted that he should go to work in the south.这位即将毕业的同学坚持要到南方去工第 6 页,共 13 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

13、- - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思作；注： 当 suggest表示示意,主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时,后接的宾语从句当用真实语气；比较：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的缄默示意着他赞成我的打算；He suggested that I should stick to my decision. 他建 议我坚持自己的打算；He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people s health. 他坚持认为做早操对健

14、康有益；He insists that he should do morning exercises every day. 他坚持他每天都要早操；3 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法；当主语为 advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等词时后接表语从句,表语从句中的谓语动词常用“ should+ 动词原形” 结构,表示某人建议、劝说、命令等的内容；如：My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible. 习说英语；我的建议是你尽可能常常地练The order from

15、the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately. 队立刻开拔去前线；司令官的命令是部名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思4特别的虚拟语气结构；（1）虚拟语气用在状语从句中由 as if 或 as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气；动词形式用动词的过去式be were 或 had+ 过去分词；如：The teacher treats the

16、 student as if he were her own child. 这位老师带这位同学就象她的亲生孩子一样；He speaks as if he had been to the United States. 他说得好象他真的到过美国似的；（ 2）在 It is time that ; Id rather that 句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气,意思是“ 该干某事了,时间已经有些晚了” “我宁愿 /期望 ” ；如：It is time that we did something to stop pollution. 该我们做些什么禁止污染的时候了；It is time

17、 that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten. 该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了；I d rather you told me the truth. 我真期望你告知我真相；Id rather I didnt see you again. 我宁愿不再见着你；（3）虚拟语气用在简洁句中a 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的虚心、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中；如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13

18、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思post office. 请你告知我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚；b 在一些习惯表达中；如：Youd better set off now. 你最好现在就动身；I d rather not tell you the secret. 我愿意不告知你这个秘密；c 用 “ may+动词原形 ” 表示希望,但愿,此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）；如：May good luck be you

19、rs. 祝你好运！May you be happy. 祝你欢乐！May you do even better. 用动词原形；例如：祝你取得更大成就！Long live the people. 人民万岁！“ God bless you, 你！ ” said the priest.牧师说： “ 愿上帝保佑5虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 在名词 advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等后接的同 位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,起形式为“ should+ 动 词原形 ” ,说明 “ 建议 ” ,“ 劝说 ” ,“ 命令 ” 等的详细内容；如：The order cam

20、e that the work should be finished two 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思days ahead of time. 提前两天完成工作的命令传来了；Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on. 的建议；她将就接受了他们要她去接受手术（一）主从句时间不一样情形下的虚拟语气 混合条件句 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时 间不一样,

21、这时动作的形式应依据它所表示的时间加以调整；如：If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 假如你当时听了我的话,现在就能完成 这份工作了；（从句说明过去,主句说明现在；）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.假如我是你,我就去参与她的生日晚会了；（从句说明现在,主句说明过去；）If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnave t hbought the new house and

22、most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假如你不借钱给我,我 不行能买下这幢新居,很可能现在仍住在危房里；（从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在；）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思（二）含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句；1. 条件暗含在短语中；如：含蓄条件句大体有三种情形； 1W hat would I have done with

23、out you. 如没有你,我会怎么办呢？条件暗含在分词短语 without you 中 2 It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较简洁； 条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way 中 3 This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事,如发生在战时,就会酿成大祸； 条件暗含在分词短语 happening in wartime 中 4 But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the e

24、xperiment. 假如没有你的帮忙,我们的试验是不会胜利； 暗含条件是 but for your help 5 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马,否就他绝不会击败那只巨大的野兽；暗含条件是连词 or 6 Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人,他是会感到可怕的；暗含条件是 alone2. 条件暗含在上下文中；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,

25、共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思7 You might stay her forever. 可能暗含 if you wanted to 8 We would have succeeded. 能暗含 if we had kept trying 9 Your reputation would be ruined. 你可以永久待在这儿；我们原来是会胜利的； 可 你的名誉会败坏的； 可能暗含 if you should accept it 10 I would appreciate a little of your time. 感

26、谢你给我一点时间吧； 可能暗含 if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time3. 在不少情形下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件；如：11 You wouldnt know. 你不会知道；12 I would like to come. 我愿意来；13 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的；14 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将

27、那事讲的特别认真,简直就象他亲眼观察一样；（三）条件从句中省去if 的情形常可以省略if ,将在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,had, were或 should提至句首；如：第 12 页,共 13 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. 假如我看了那部电影,昨晚我就可以和他们一起争论了；Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 就能自由飞翔；假如我是一只小鸟,我Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. 要是下周能下雨的话,农夫们就能有个好收成了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 13 页