2021年2021年2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷三(含详解).pdf

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1、2017 年 6 月大学英语四级真题试卷三(完整版)Part I Writing(30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college.Your advertisement may include a brief description of their conten

2、t,their condition,their price and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：2017 年 6 月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,t

3、here is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter

4、for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.As if you needed another reason to hate the gym,it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles,but

5、 also your eyes.Fear not,however,for coffee can stimulate them again.During(26)_ exercise,our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.Muscle performance can also be affected by a(27)_ called central fatigue,”in which an imbalance in the bodys chemical messengers prevents the

6、 central nervous system from directing muscle movements（28)_.It was not known,however,whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly(29)_ in the exercise itself,such as those that move the eyes.To find out,researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_ eithe

7、r with a moderate dose of caffeine(咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system,or as a placebo(安慰剂）without,during 3 hours of(31)_.After exercising,the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still(32)_ their visual system.The team f

8、ound that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%,(33)_ their ability to capture new visual information.The caffeine,the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee,was(34)_ to reverse this effect,with some cyclists even displaying(35)_ eye movement speeds.So it might be a good ide

9、a to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。A)cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cyclingE)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limitedI)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowing|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 1 页，共 24 页|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|

10、迎.|下.|载.第 1 页，共 24 页M)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorousSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a

11、paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Team spiritA Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations.Recruitment advertisements routinely call for“team players”.Business schools grade thei

12、r students in part on their performance in group projects.Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building.Teams are as old as civilization,of course:even Jesus had 12 co-workers.But a new report by Deloitte,“Global Human Capital Trends”,based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in

13、over 130 countries,suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on(开始）it;and for the most part,restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.B Companies are abandoni

14、ng conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products,problems or customers.These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs.They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards.Del

15、oitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise:a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy(等级体制).C The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees.Technological i

16、nnovation places greater value on agility(灵活性).John Chambers,chairman of Cisco Systems Inc.,a worldwide leader in electronics products,says that“we compete against market transitions(过渡)，not competitors.Product transitions used to take five or seven years;now they take one or two.”Digital technology

17、 also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy.The“millennials”(千禧一代)who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.D The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporat

18、e suspects(such as GE and IBM)to some more unusual ones.The Cleveland Clinic,a hospital operator,has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas;consultants,nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality(专业)and rank.The US Army has

19、gone the same way.In his book,“Team of Teams General Stanley McChrystal describes how the armys hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war.His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting:decentralise authority to self-organising tea

20、ms.E A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon,it is time to ask questions.Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that,Teams are not always the answerteams may provide insight,creativity and knowledge in a wa

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29、gic,producing something extraordinary.But dont count on it.”F Hackman(who died in 2013)noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration.High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered.Groupthink

30、 may be unavoidable.In a study of 120 teams of senior executives,he discovered that less than 10%of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team.If it is hard enough to define a teams membership,agreeing on its purpose is harder still.G Profound changes in the workforce are making te

31、ams trickier to manage.Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.This is hard to achieve when,as is now the case in many big firms,a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors.Teamwork improves with time:Americas National Transportation Safety Board found that 73%of the

32、incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crews first day of flying together.However,as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out,organisations increasingly use“team”as a verb rather than a noun:they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.H The least that can be conclu

33、ded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams.They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism(感情用事)：the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.They need to keep teams small and focused:giving in to pre

34、ssure to be more“inclusive”is a guarantee of dysfunction.Jeff Bezos,Amazon s boss,says that“If I see more than two pizzas for lunch,the team is too big.”They need to immunize teams against group-think:Hackman argued that the best ones contain“deviants”(离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that mayb

35、e upsetting to others.I A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase,a furniture-maker which also does consulting,finds that the best way to ensure employees are“engaged”is to give them more control over where and how they do their workwhich may mean liberating them from having to do e

36、verything in collaboration with others.J However,organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better:they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job.Teambuilding skills are in short supply:Deloitte reports that only 12%of the ex

37、ecutives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21%feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams.Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction employees routinely complain that they cant get their work done because they are f

38、orced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices.Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。36.Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.37.D

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46、档编码:CR6K1X9V4F2 HC6M1Q3J3O7 ZI3U7Z7F4H3文档编码:CR6K1X9V4F2 HC6M1Q3J3O7 ZI3U7Z7F4H3文档编码:CR6K1X9V4F2 HC6M1Q3J3O7 ZI3U7Z7F4H339.Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.40.Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.41.According to a report by Deloitte,

47、teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.42.Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the teams purpose.43.Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable,despite its potential to work wonders.44.To ensure employees commitment,it is advisable t

48、o give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.45.Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B)

49、,C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money,research has shown.Pen

50、ny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6%off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.It has shrunk from 1.19 billion in 2011 to 1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market resea