7-25化学平衡常数及其计算讲课讲稿.pdf
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1、此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用考纲要求1.了解化学平衡常数(K)的含义。2.能利用化学平衡常数进行相关计算。考点一化学平衡常数1概念在一定温度下,当一个可逆反应达到化学平衡时,生成物浓度幂之积与反应物浓度幂之积的比值是一个常数,用符号K 表示。2表达式对于反应 mA(g)nB(g)pC(g)qD(g),KcpC cqDcmA cnB(固体和纯液体的浓度视为常数,通常不计入平衡常数表达式中)。3意义及影响因素(1)K 值越大,反应物的转化率越大,正反应进行的程度越大。(2)K 只受温度影响,与反应物或生成物的浓度变化无关。(3)化学平衡常数是指某一具体反应的平衡常数。4应
2、用(1)判断可逆反应进行的程度。(2)利用化学平衡常数,判断反应是否达到平衡或向何方向进行。对于化学反应aA(g)bB(g)cC(g)dD(g)的任意状态,浓度商:QcccC cdDcaA cbB。学习资料总结-名师归纳欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页,共 21 页 -此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用QK,反应向正反应方向进行;QK,反应处于平衡状态;QK,反应向逆反应方向进行。(3)利用 K 可判断反应的热效应:若升高温度,K 值增大,则正反应为吸热反应;若升高温度,K 值减小,则正反应为放热反应。深度思考1正误判断,正确的打“”,错误的打“”(1)平衡常数表达
3、式中,可以是物质的任一浓度()(2)催化剂能改变化学反应速率,也能改变平衡常数()(3)平衡常数发生变化,化学平衡不一定发生移动()(4)化学平衡发生移动,平衡常数不一定发生变化()(5)平衡常数和转化率都能体现可逆反应进行的程度()(6)化学平衡常数只受温度的影响,温度升高,化学平衡常数的变化取决于该反应的反应热()2书写下列化学平衡的平衡常数表达式。(1)Cl2H2OHCl HClO(2)C(s)H2O(g)CO(g)H2(g)(3)CH3COOH C2H5OHCH3COOC2H5H2O(4)CO23H2OHCO3OH(5)CaCO3(s)CaO(s)CO2(g)3一定温度下,分析下列三个
4、反应的平衡常数的关系N2(g)3H2(g)2NH3(g)K112N2(g)32H2(g)NH3(g)K2学习资料总结-名师归纳欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页,共 21 页 -文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5
5、C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9
6、 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5
7、C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9
8、 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5
9、C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9
10、 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8文档编码:CV5C3K6O6C8 HU8R5H8C8Y9 ZL1U6T3G2O8此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用2NH3(g)N2(g)3H2(g)K3(1)K1和 K2,K1K22。(2)K1和 K3,K11K3。题组一平衡常数的含
11、义1研究氮氧化物与悬浮在大气中海盐粒子的相互作用时,涉及如下反应:2NO2(g)NaCl(s)NaNO3(s)ClNO(g)K12NO(g)Cl2(g)2ClNO(g)K2则 4NO2(g)2NaCl(s)2NaNO3(s)2NO(g)Cl2(g)的平衡常数K(用 K1、K2表示)。2在一定体积的密闭容器中,进行如下化学反应:CO2(g)H2(g)CO(g)H2O(g),其化学平衡常数K 和温度 t 的关系如表所示:t/7008008301 0001 200K0.60.91.01.72.6回答下列问题:(1)该反应的化学平衡常数表达式为K。(2)该反应为(填“吸热”或“放热”)反应。(3)某温
12、度下,各物质的平衡浓度符合下式:3c(CO2)c(H2)5c(CO)c(H2O),试判断此时的温度为。(4)若 830 时,向容器中充入1 mol CO、5 mol H2O,反应达到平衡后,其化学平衡常数K(填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)1.0。(5)830 时,容器中的化学反应已达到平衡。在其他条件不变的情况下,扩大容器的体积。平衡(填“向正反应方向”、“向逆反应方向”或“不”)移动。学习资料总结-名师归纳欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页,共 21 页 -文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A
13、5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10
14、A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN1
15、0A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN
16、10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 H
17、N10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7
18、HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7
19、 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用题组二化学平衡常数的应用3甲醇是重要的化学工业基础原料和清洁液体燃料。工业上可利用CO 或 CO2来生产燃料甲醇。已知制备甲醇的有关化学反应以及在不
20、同温度下的化学反应平衡常数如下表所示:化学反应平衡常数温度/5008002H2(g)CO(g)CH3OH(g)K12.50.15H2(g)CO2(g)H2O(g)CO(g)K21.02.503H2(g)CO2(g)CH3OH(g)H2O(g)K3(1)据反应与可推导出K1、K2与 K3之间的关系,则K3(用 K1、K2表示)。(2)反应的 H(填“”或“”)0。4在一个体积为2 L 的真空密闭容器中加入0.5 mol CaCO3,发生反应CaCO3(s)CaO(s)CO2(g),测得二氧化碳的物质的量浓度随温度的变化关系如下图所示,图中 A 表示 CO2的平衡浓度与温度的关系曲线,B 表示不同
21、温度下反应经过相同时间时CO2的物质的量浓度的变化曲线。请按要求回答下列问题:(1)该反应正反应为(填“吸”或“放”)热反应,温度为 T5时,该反应耗时40 s 达到平衡,则 T5时,该反应的平衡常数数值为。(2)如果该反应的平衡常数K 值变大,该反应(选填字母)。a一定向逆反应方向移动b在平衡移动时正反应速率先增大后减小c一定向正反应方向移动学习资料总结-名师归纳欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页,共 21 页 -文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文
22、档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10
23、文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S1
24、0文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S
25、10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7S10文档编码:CZ6A1V8N8E7 HN10A5T3J10M8 ZH4U8Y7E7
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