2022年英语五大基本句型导学案.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习目标英语五大基本句型导学案The truth is that he has never been abroad .后面;例如:五宾语: 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词1.把握五大基本句型的用法;. They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday.2.培育同学运用语言才能;自学指导句子成分一定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分;句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语;The heavy rain prevented me
2、 form coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have. I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.二主语: 主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首 ;但在 there be 结构、疑问句当主I enjoy listening to popular music .语不疑问词时 和倒装句中, 主语位于 谓语、 助动词或情态动词后面; 主语可由 名词、 代词、 数词、I think
3、that he is fit for his office.不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示;例如:宾语种类 : 1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语,例如: Lend me your dictionary , please. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2复合宾语宾语+宾补,例如: They elected him their monitor . We often speak English in class. 六宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,
4、仍要有一个宾语补语,才One-third of the students in this class are girls.能使句子的意义完整;带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词如make 等+宾语 +宾补;To swim in the river is a great pleasure.宾补可由 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当;例如:Smoking does harm to the health.His father named him Dongming .The rich should help the poor.They painted their boat w
5、hite .When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.Let the fresh air in .It is necessary to master a foreign language .You mustn t force him to lend his money to you. 三谓语: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态;动词在句中作谓语 ,一般放在 主语We saw her entering the room .之后;谓语的构成如下:We found everything in the lab
6、in good order .1、简洁谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成;如:He practices running every morning. We will soon make our city what your city is now. 2、复合谓语:1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成;如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 七定语: 修饰 名词或代词 的词、短语或从句称为定语;定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a develop
7、ing country; America is a developed country.2由系动词加表语构成;如:We are students. There are thirty women teachers is our school.四表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态, 它一般位于 系动词如 be, become, get, look, His rapid progress in English made us surprised. grow, turn, seem 等之后;表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词Our monitor is always
8、the first to enter the classroom .短语、副词及表语从句表示;例如:The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. Our teacher of English is an American .He is reading an article about how to learn English.Is it yours .八状语:修饰 动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫做状语;The weather has turned cold.可由以下形式表示:The speech is
9、exciting. Light travels most quickly .Three times seven is twenty one.He has lived in the city for ten years .His job is to teach English .He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.His hobby 爱好 is playing football .He is in the room making a model plane. The machine must b
10、e out of order.Wait a minute. Time is up. The class is over.Once you begin, you must continue. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 牛刀小试:1. Time flies. 一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus. 2. The moon rose. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. The man cooked.
11、3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. We all eat, and drink. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting. 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 5. Everybody laughed. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 6. I woke. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be
12、 an American film tonight. 7. They talked for half an hour. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 8. He walked yesterday 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 9.He is playing 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 10.They have gone 13. He found it important
13、 to master English. 基本句型二14. Do you have anything else to say. 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. + + 主系表16. Would you please tell me your address. 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 此
14、句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必需加上一个说 明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思;这类动词叫做连系动词;系动词分两类: be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属一类,表示情形;get, grow, become, turn, 20. The apples tasted sweet. go 等属另一类,表示变化;be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表的作用;其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另 :stay, prove, remain, stand 展现点拨 英语五种基本句型列式如下:3形容词,名词,现在分词,
15、过去分词,不定式,介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语;是系动词 表语 基本句型一: +主谓1. This is an English dictionary. 基本句型二: + +主系表2. The dinner smells 闻 good. 基本句型三: + +主谓宾基本句型四: + +IO + 主谓间宾直宾3. He fell happy. 基本句型五: + + +主谓宾宾补4. Everything looks different. 基本句型一5. He is tall and strong. +主谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思;这类动词叫做不及物动词,
16、后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等;6. The book is interesting. 这些动词常见的有:take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, 7. The weather became warmer. fall, rise, hang 可作及物动词或不及物动词等等;8. His face turned red. 2有些动词如wash, sell, burn ,write, clean, draw, cook, read 等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性
17、质;2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 基本句型三基本句型四 + + 主谓宾 + +IO + 主谓间宾直宾此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必需跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思;这两个的意思,必需跟有一个宾语,即动作的承担者,才能使意思完整;这类动词叫做及物动词;宾语一个是动作的直接承担者,另一个是动作的间接承担者; 实义动词 宾语 通常这一间接承担者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承担者在动作的直接承担者之前Who knows the
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