国际经济学复习范围2.pdf

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1、国际经济学复习范围题型:一、名词解释(共 5 小题,每小题 3 分,共 15 分)二、判断题(共 15 小题,每小题 1 分,共 15 分)三、简答题(共 5 小题,每小题 8 分,共 40 分)四、论述题(共 2 题,每题 15 分,共 30 分)范围:I、Explain the following terms、1、Interindustry trade 2、Intraindustry trade 3、Intraproduct trade 4、The Balance of Payment A countrys balance of payments accounts keep track o

2、f both its payments to and its receipts from foreigners、Every international transaction automatically enters the balance of payments twice:once as a credit(+)and once as a debit(-)、5、Comparative Advantage A country has a comparative advantage in producing a goods if the opportunity cost of producing

3、 that goods in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries、6、Stolper-Samuelson Theorem(effect)If the relative price of a good increases,holding factor supplies constant,then the nominal and real return(in terms of both goods)to the factor used intensively in the produ

4、ction of that good increases,while the nominal and real return(in terms of both goods)to the other factor decreases、The reverse is also true、7、Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem A country will export that commodity which uses intensively its abundant factor and import that commodity which uses intensively its

5、scarce factor、8、Factor-Price Equalization Theorem International trade leads to complete equalization in the relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors across countries、It implies that international trade is a substitute for the international mobility of factors、9、Optimum tariff The tariff

6、rate that maximizes national welfare It is always positive but less than the prohibitive rate that would eliminate all imports、It is zero for a small country because it cannot affect its terms of trade、10、Exchange Rate Overshooting 11、purchasing power parity(PPP)The exchange rate between two countie

7、s currencies equals the ratio of the counties price levels、It compares average prices across countries、12、Law of one price Identical goods sold in different countries must sell for the same price when their prices are expressed in terms of the same currency、13、The Fisher Effect It is a hypothesis in

8、 international finance that suggests differences in nominal interest rates reflect expected changes in the spot exchange rate between countries、he hypothesis specifically states that a spot exchange rate is expected to change equally in the opposite direction of the interest rate differential、14、The

9、 J-Curve If imports and exports adjust gradually to real exchange rate changes,the CA may follow a J-curve pattern after a real currency depreciation,first worsening and then improving、It describes the time lag with which a real currency depreciation improves the CA、15、managed floating exchange rate

10、s A system in which governments attempt to moderate exchange rate movements without keeping exchange rates rigidly fixed、16、sterilized intervention Central banks sometimes carry out equal foreign and domestic asset transactions in opposite directions to nullify the impact of their foreign exchange o

11、perations on the domestic money supply、17、Capital flight The reserve loss accompanying a devaluation scare The associated debit in the balance of payments accounts is a private capital outflow、18、vehicle currency A currency that is widely used to denominate international contracts made by parties wh

12、o do not reside in the country that issues the vehicle currency、19、interest parity Interest Parity:The Basic Equilibrium Condition The foreign exchange market is in equilibrium when deposits of all currencies offer the same expected rate of return、The expected returns on deposits of any two 文档编码:CR1

13、0K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7

14、文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X

15、10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O

16、5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 H

17、G10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10

18、B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码

19、:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9

20、Z2Z7currencies are equal when measured in the same currency、20、inflation bias High inflation with no average gain in output that results from governments policies to prevent recession II、Give a T(True)or a F(False)for each of the following sayings、涉及每章重要的知识点。III、Answer the following questions、1 How

21、about the basic reasons for which countries engage in international trade?Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons:They are different from each other in terms of climate,land,capital,labor,and technology、They try to achieve scale economies in production、2、What about the basic vi

22、ewpoints of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory?In the real world,while trade is partly explained by differences in labor productivity,it also reflects differences in countries resources、The Heckscher-Ohlin theory:Emphasizes resource differences as the only source of trade Shows that comparative advantage is

23、 influenced by:Relative factor abundance(refers to countries)Relative factor intensity(refers to goods)Is also referred to as the factor-proportions theory 3、How about the International effects of export-biased and import-biased growth?Export-biased growth in the rest of the world improves our terms

24、 of trade,while import-biased growth abroad worsens our terms of trade、Export-biased growth in our country worsens our terms of trade,reducing the direct benefits of growth,while import-biased growth leads to an improvement of our terms of trade、4、Compare the effects of a tariff and of an export sub

25、sidy on the terms of trade、Import tariffs and export subsidies affect both relative supply and relative demand、Relative Demand and Supply Effects of a Tariff Tariffs drive a wedge between the prices at which goods are traded internationally(external prices)and the prices at which they are traded wit

26、hin a country(internal prices)、文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:

27、CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z

28、2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 Z

29、I1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2

30、U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G

31、7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10

32、K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文

33、档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7The terms of trade correspond to external,not internal,prices、Effects of an Export Subsidy Tariffs and export subsidies are often treated as similar policies but they have opposite effects on the terms of trade、Example:Suppose that Home offers 20%subsidy on

34、 the value of cloth exported:This will raise Homes internal price of cloth relative to food by 20%、This will lead Home producers to produce more cloth and less food、A Home export subsidy worsens Homes terms of trade and improves Foreigns、5、How to explain that economies of scale can be either externa

35、l and internal?Economies of scale can be either:External The cost per unit depends on the size of the industry but not necessarily on the size of any one firm、An industry will typically consist of many small firms and be perfectly competitive、Internal The cost per unit depends on the size of an indi

36、vidual firm but not necessarily on that of the industry、The market structure will be imperfectly competitive with large firms having a cost advantage over small、Both types of scale economies are important causes of international trade、6、How about the basic reasons why a cluster of firms may be more

37、efficient than an individual firm in isolation?There are three main reasons why a cluster of firms may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation:Specialized suppliers In many industries,the production of goods and services and the development of new products requires the use of speciali

38、zed equipment or support services、An individual company does not provide a large enough market for these services to keep the suppliers in business、A localized industrial cluster can solve this problem by bringing together many firms that provide a large enough market to support specialized supplier

39、s、Labor market pooling A cluster of firms can create a pooled market for workers with highly specialized skills、It is an advantage for:Producers They are less likely to suffer from labor shortages、Workers 文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR

40、10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z

41、7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1

42、X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2

43、O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7

44、HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K1

45、0B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编

46、码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7文档编码:CR10K10B4N1G7 HG10Y2U2O5P1 ZI1X10R9Z2Z7They are less likely to become unemployed、Knowledge spillovers Knowledge is one of

47、the important input factors in highly innovative industries、The specialized knowledge that is crucial to success in innovative industries comes from:Research and development efforts Reverse engineering Informal exchange of information and ideas 7、How about the effects of an export subsidy?Export sub

48、sidy A payment by the government to a firm or individual that ships a good abroad It can be either specific or ad valorem、An export subsidy raises prices in the exporting country while lowering them in the importing country、In addition,and in contrast to a tariff,the export subsidy worsens the terms

49、 of trade、An export subsidy unambiguously leads to costs that exceed its benefits、8、Try to compare the options of import-substituting industrialization and export-oriented industrialization、A tariff that reduces imports also necessarily reduces exports、Until the 1970s many developing countries were

50、skeptical about the possibility of exporting manufactured goods、In many cases,import-substituting industrialization policies dovetailed naturally with existing political biases、9、What are the volume effect and value effect of a real exchange rate?10、How does disposable income changes affect the Curr