大学物理演示实验—电磁学.pdf

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1、大学物理演示实验电磁学68 实验五十五安培力【实验目的】观察载流直导体，在磁场中受力的情况，验证载流直导体在磁场中受力的方向与磁场和电流的方向三者之间的关系，即验证左手定则。【实验器材】安培力演示仪，如图55-1 所示。图 55-1 图 55-1 中，为马蹄形永磁铁，它是由高强度钕铁硼材料制成。是将马蹄形电磁铁固定在竖直支柱上的顶丝。是带动马蹄形永磁铁沿水平方向左右移动的滑块。是双道滑轨。是载流直导体。是导轨，它用来支承载流直导体受力移动。是通电接线柱。是底座。【实验原理】通电导体在磁场中，会受到磁场力的作用，称为安培力。实验发现，对直导线，安培力的大小与方向由下式表示：BlIF可见，力、电流

2、和磁场三者成右手法则。当然，也可以用左手定则来确定安培力的方向。即：伸直右手，使大拇指与其余四指相垂直，磁场穿过手心，让四指指向导体中通电电流的方向，则大拇指的方向就是磁场对电流作用力的方向，即导体所受的安培力的方向。【实验操作与现象】1将载流直导体铜棒水平放在支承导轨上，并调节其水平位置，使铜棒在马蹄形磁铁的磁场中间。2接通电源并观察载流直导体铜棒在导轨上滑动的方向。3改变电流流通的方向（电源后面板的红色开关），此时，载流铜棒将在导轨上沿相反大学物理演示实验电磁学69 方向滑动。4通过底座导轨的滑块移动马蹄形磁铁，使磁场相对载流铜棒移动，可以观察到载流铜棒也跟着一起运动。【注意事项】1电路中

3、电阻非常小，因而接通直流电源时间要短，否则电流过大会损坏电源。2导轨要保持清洁，以便载流铜棒在导轨上无阻力的移动。实验五十六洛仑兹力【实验目的】演示洛仑兹力的存在，加深对洛仑兹力的理解。【实验器材】直流电源、投影仪、洛仑兹力投影实验器材、和自制小块泡沫，如图56-1 所示。其中电源输入电压为交流220V，输出直流为30W；洛仑兹力投影实验器材由磁缸、玻璃皿支架、中心电极和外环铜片电极组成。磁环磁场强度为800 高斯。图 56-1【实验原理】磁场对运动电荷的作用力称为洛仑兹力。设在磁场B中，一带电量为q的粒子，以速度v运动，如图56-2 所示。磁场对该带电粒子作用的洛仑兹力为磁环稀 硫 酸铜溶液

4、小泡沫电源开关换向开关fBv图 56-2文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7

5、Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ

6、7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 H

7、J7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6

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9、 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J

10、6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3大学物理演示实验电磁学70)(B

11、vqf（56-1）则f的大小为qvBfsin（56-2）f的方向始终垂直于v和B组成的平面，当0q时，f与（Bv）同向；当0q时，f与（Bv）反向。由于f垂直于v，洛仑兹力不改变带电粒子的速度大小，只改变速度的方向；当由于v垂直于B时，带电粒子将在垂直于B的平面内作匀速率圆周运动。有RvmqvB2（56-3）由式（56-3）可得带电粒子圆周运动的回转半径qBmvR（56-4）【实验操作与现象】1将洛仑兹力投影实验装置放在投影仪上，在玻璃皿中加入一定量的稀硫酸铜溶液。2打开投影仪电源开关，调整投影成象透镜的位置，使硫酸铜液体平面成像在幕上。3用连接线将直流电源与洛仑兹力投影实验装置准确无误接好。

12、打开直流电源开关，可以看到液体开始以圆心为轴旋转，此时，在液面上放一小块泡沫，观察到液体流动推动泡沫块环向运动，这种现象说明运动电荷在磁场中受到力的作用，这种力称为洛仑兹力。4使用直流电源换向开关可改变电流方向，再观察液体流动的方向是否也改变了？为什么？5如有可能，改变磁场方向，液体流动的方向也将改变。【注意事项】1加入稀硫酸铜溶液要小心，不要太快，以免溅出来，伤着自己。2实验完毕后，将外环电极冲洗干净，避免腐蚀实验设备。文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文

13、档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3

14、文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H

15、3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3

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17、3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5

18、X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G

19、5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3大学物理演示实验电磁学71 实验五十七电磁感应现象【实验目的】演示几种最基本的电磁感应现象，理解和掌握电磁感应定律。【实验器材】1 号线圈，均匀绕在内径55mm，长 95 mm 的骨架上。2 号线圈，绕在长85 mm，内径 20 mm 的骨架上。

20、条形磁铁，为铝铁炭材料，长170 mm，宽 20 mm，厚 10 mm，磁场强度 8001000GS。软铁棒是 13 mm 130 mm 低炭钢材料。24V 直流电源自配，最大电流为 1.5A。示教电表1 个。连接线若干。图 57-1【实验原理】由于通过线圈回路的磁通量随时间变化而在回路中出现电动势的现象称为电磁感应现象。若回路闭合，则会有电流，线圈回路中出现的电流称为感应电流。法拉第电磁感应定律dtdNmi（57-1）式（57-1）中，N为线圈匝数，m为通过单匝线圈的磁通量，负号是楞次定律的反映。由此负号在结合回路正方向的规定，可以确定回路中感应电流的方向。由BSmcos知，其中)(),()

21、,(ttStB任一量变化，都可能会引起m变化。它们又可以归结为两类：第一类：磁场（B）不变，导体或导体回路作切割磁力线运动，即)()(ttS和变化，N E 文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE

22、10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:C

23、E10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:

24、CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码

25、:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编

26、码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档

27、编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文

28、档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3大学物理演示实验电磁学72 引起dtdm变化。在这种情况下，出现的感应电动势称为动生电动势。LidlBv)(动生（57-2）第二类：导体或导体回路不动，磁场（B）随时间变化，即)(tB变化，引起dtdm变化，在这种情况下，出现的感应电动势称为感生电动势。LidlE感生（57-3）【实验操作与现象】1按照图57-1 所示，正确连线。2将 1 号线圈接入示教电表的“M”接线端子上，将条形磁铁插入线圈后，示教电表即可向一个方向发生偏转。如将条形磁铁反方向插入，则表头向相反方向偏转。多次重复，注意观察示教电表指针偏转方

29、向。3把电源正负极与2 号线圈连接起来，打开电源，调到适当电压，如15 伏左右。再将通电后的2 号线圈替代条形磁铁，插入 1 号线圈，观察表头是否发生偏转？偏转大小与不通电时比较并分析。4 在第三步的基础上，把软铁棒插入通电后的2 号线圈里，然后一起再插入1 号线圈。仔细观察表头发生偏转的现象，并与无铁芯时比较分析。可多次重复。5将 2 号线圈的直流电源正负极交换，重复 3 或 4 的过程，表头偏转方向是否与上述过程偏转方向相反，为什么？可多次重复。6先把电源关闭，将软铁棒插入2 号线圈并一起放入1 号线圈内。这时再打开电源，看到表头指针发生偏转后回到零位，关闭电源时，表头指针反向偏转后回到零

30、位。可多次重复。【注意事项】1线圈为有机玻璃骨架，切勿掉地，否则摔坏。2直流电压不能过高，否则将烧坏2 号线圈，电压最高不得超过30V，连续通电不能超过 30 分钟。文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档

31、编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文

32、档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3

33、文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H

34、3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3

35、H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X

36、3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5

37、X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3大学物理演示实验电磁学73 实验五十八电磁波的发射、接收与趋肤效应【实验目的】1演示电磁波的基本特性及其发射、接收原理，使学生加深对交变电磁场的认识，以及对电磁波的发射与接收过程的理解。2利用电磁波的电场，用较粗的铜棒做导线演示趋肤效应，使学生更形象地理解此物理现象。【实验器材】实验装置如图58-1 所示。图 a 为发射机，图 b 为半波振子接收天线，图 c 为环形接收天线，图 d 为氖泡棒，图e 为趋肤效应演示天仪。图 a 图 b 图 c 图 d 图 e 图 58-1 1.发射机如图a 所示，A为发

38、射电源，输入电压为220V，50Hz交流，输入功率为85W，输出直流为600V，交流为 6.3V。B 为高压开关，C为电源开关。D为交流电压表。发射管F为中功率电子管，采用自激推挽振荡。发射天线H 与振荡回路G 直接藕合，发射波长约为150cm。发射天线是一条长为74cm的直铜管，在发射机的尾部放一反射天线J，它是一根长为 78cm的直铜管。A B D C G H J 文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y

39、1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7

40、Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C

41、7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10

42、C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z1

43、0C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z

44、10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7

45、Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3大学物理演示实验电磁学74 2半波振子接收天线（图b）由两根拉杆天线组成，中间装有6.3V 的小电珠，调节其长度可改变它的固有频率。3在环形接收天线（图c）上装有6.3V 小电珠和微调电容器，用绝缘起子调整微调电容器改变其频率，以演示发射天线上的电流振幅与磁场方向。4氖泡棒（图d）是在一根绝缘棒的顶

46、端装有氖泡，以演示发射天线的电压振幅。5趋肤效应演示仪（图e）的两个小电珠分别连在铜棒表层和芯处，在同一频率交流电下，铜棒表层电流密度大，内层电流密度小。因此，把该仪器平行放在发射天线附近时与表层连接的小电珠亮，而与内层连接的不亮。【实验原理】(一)电磁波的发射1电流随时间作周期性变化的现象叫电磁振荡。能产生电磁振荡的电路叫振荡电路。CL电路是等振幅的电磁振荡。随着时间变化的电场和磁场相互激发，将电磁振荡向空间传播开去，便形成电磁波。2振荡电路辐射电磁波的三个条件1）电路必须开放，使电场能量和磁场能量尽可能向空间开放。2）由平均辐射功率2P知，振荡频率必须足够高，才能保证能量的有效发射。3）必

47、须不断提供能量，补偿电感L的耗能和辐射能，保证等振幅振荡的实现。3改造CL振荡电路为振荡电偶极子，实现上述三个条件，便能有效的向空间辐射电磁波。4电磁波的性质1）电磁波是横波，具有多普勒效应和偏振现象。2）电矢量E垂直于磁矢量H且垂直于传播方向，并且传播速度c沿HE的方向。3）E振动和H振动同相位。4）E和H的振幅值成比例：00HE。真空中有HE1200000（58-1）5）电磁波在真空中的传播速度smc/1031800（58-2）5电磁波的能流密度矢量坡印廷矢量HES（58-3）(二)趋肤效应文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE

48、10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:C

49、E10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:

50、CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码:CE10T10R1R4J6 HJ7Z10C7Y1Q7 ZC1Q3G5X3H3文档编码