发电机的进相试验原理及措施.pdf
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1、1/12 发电机的进相运行，是由于系统电压太高，影响电能质量，而采取的一种运行方式。目的是为了让发电机吸收系统无功功率，从而达到降低系统电压作用，这是由调度部门下令执行的。发电机能不能进相运行，取决于发电机的无功进相能力。由于制造工艺和安装质量不一样，每台机的进相情况是不同的。每台机都必须单独做进相实验，然后得出在不同负荷下的进相深度，再将这些数据写入运行规程，一般情况都是这样的。在做进相实验时.先是维持发电机有功负荷某一固定值(如空载，50%，75%，100%，再按要求的速度进行减磁.直到励磁调节器低励限制动作为止，记录各点的相关数据。目的是为了在不破坏机组静态稳定性前提下，得出机组对系统调
2、压的能力。发电机进相运行是指发电机发出有功而吸收无功的稳定运行状态。属机组异常运行的一种状况。当发电机励磁系统由于AVR原因或故障，或人为降低发电机的励磁电流过多，使发电机由发出感性无功功率变为吸收系统感性无功功率，定子电流由滞后于机端电压变为超前于机端电压运行，这就是发电机的进相运行。进相运行也就是现场经常提到的欠励磁运行静态稳定性降低；(2端部漏磁引起定子端部温度升高；(3厂用电电压降低；(4由于机端电压降低在输出功率不变的情况下发电机定子电流增加，易造成过负荷。发电机进相运行的必要性超高压远距离输电网络不断扩大，导致系统无功增多，如220 kV、330 kV 和 500 kV 级的架空线
3、路，每公里对地的容性无功分别为130kvar、400 kvar 和 1 000 1 300 kvar。加之，为弥补系统高峰负荷时的无功不足，在电网中还装设了一定数量的电容器，这些电容器有时难以适应系统调节电压的需要而及时投切。因此，在节假日或午夜等系统负荷处于低谷时，其过剩无功必导致电网电压升高，甚至超过运行电压容许的规定值，不仅影响供电的电压质量，还会使电网损耗增加，经济效益下降。发电机进相运行能吸收网络过剩的无功功率，降低系统电压。发电机进相运行是结合电力生产需要而采用的切实可行的运行技术，它可使发电机由改变运行工况而达到降压的目的。仅是利用系统现有设备增加的一种调压手段，便可扩大系统电压
4、的调节范围，改善电网电压的运行状况。该方法操作简便，在发电机进相运行限额范围内运行可靠，其平滑无级调节电压的特点，更显示了它调节电压的灵活性，发电机进相运行是改善电网电压质量最有效而又经济的必要措施之一。发电机进相运行的基本原理:发电机正常运行时,向系统提供有功的同时还提供无功,定子电流滞后于端电压一个角度,此种状态即迟相运行.当逐渐文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9
5、W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9
6、H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9
7、W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9
8、H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9
9、W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9
10、H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H43/12 减少励磁电流使
11、发电机从向系统提供无功而变为从系统吸收无功,定子电流从滞后而变为超前发电机端电压一个角度,此种状态即进相运行.发电机进相运行时各电气参数是对称的，并且发电机仍保持同步转速，因而是属于发电机正常运行方式中功率因数变动时的一种运行工况，只是拓宽了发电机通常的运行范围。同样，在允许的进相运行限额范围内，只要电网需要是可以长期运行的。同步发电机在低有功情况下可以无励磁运行，此时发电机能保持同步运行，并吸收电网无功功率，但其定子电压要下降。发电机低有功无励磁运行是依靠反应转矩维持同步运行的，其电磁功率包含两部分，即基本电磁功率和附加电磁功率，基本电磁功率是由励磁电流决定的，附加电磁功率是由转子凸极效应确
12、定的。当运行中失去励磁时，电磁功率仅有附加电磁功率，其最大值为对于凸极发电机XdXq，故 P2m 0；当有功功率很小时，该电磁功率足以克服制动转矩的作用而驱动发电机与电网保持同步。实践证明，凸极发电机在无励磁运行时的电磁反应功率可达到额定容量的 20左右，亦即发电机带有功20 Pn 无励磁运行时不失步。此时转子绕组无直流电流又保持同步状态，故不在转子绕组及各部件感应电流，不存在转子发热的问题。3 发电机进相运行的限制因素发电机进相运行会受到下列因素的限制：发电机的静稳定和动稳定限制；发电机的暂态和动态稳定限制；低励磁不稳定的限制。4 进相运行实验研究工作内容发电机进相运行实验研究主要工作如下。
13、4.1 改造了各实验电厂有关无功功率等表计发电机进相运行时，发电机吸收系统感性无功，无功功率为负，功率因数角由正变为负，功率因数具有双向性。而以前各电厂所装无功表计均为单向，且未装功率因数表，因此需改造单向无功功率因数表。4.2 发电机进相运行稳定性和电压无功研究结果发电机进相实验应在系统低谷负荷时段电压偏高时进行，采用四川电网正常运行状态下的小方式进行计算，为了提高发电机进相深度，减小发电机机端电压对进相深度的影响，一般将电厂升压变压器接头定于 4 档。在发电机进相运行实验前对其稳定极限和无功电压进行了计算。通过计算可知，每台发电机静稳定极限都是比较深的，暂态稳定极限略浅于静稳定极限，发电机
14、进相在暂态稳定极限范围内能将文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:C
15、V8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2
16、P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:C
17、V8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2
18、P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:C
19、V8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2
20、P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H44/12 系统电压降低至允许范围，降压效果是十分显著的。4.3 发电机失磁异步运行时机理、现象及处理措施发电机在进相运行实验中，在励磁系统调试中有可能失磁，进相至较深的进相深度时也可能转入异步运行。因此，在实验前应研究发电机失磁异步运行的机理、现象及处理措施。当发电机进相运行时，随着励磁电流下降，电磁转矩下降，在转子上就会出现转矩
21、不平衡现象。实验研究结果表明，发电机失磁异步运行时，转子表面温度不会太高，其主要原因为转子部件感应电流频率较低，集肤效应不太严重，涡流遍布于转子整体，不会使转子局部出现高温；转子的转速不会无限制升高，这样可避免转子超速可能引起的故障或事故；定子电压要下降，定子电流要增加，输出的有功至少要小于0.50.6）Pn，定子电流接近或略高于其额定值；定子边段铁芯和金属结构件温度会增加；当转子绕组开路失磁异步运行时，转子绕组会产生瞬时过电压和过电流，在甚低滑差(S0.005下异步运行时，其感应电压是较低的，不会危及转子绕组绝缘的安全运行。转子绕组在某种外接电阻下，其感应电流可能会超过转子额定电流，但不可能
22、达到很高的危险数值，可能最高约为 1.5 倍额定电流值。根据以上实验研究结果，发电机在进相实验中若发生失磁异步运行，不应匆忙解列停机，应尽快增加励磁电流恢复同步，若不能恢复同步，则应将有功减低至5060）Pn，同时增加励磁电流，使发电机恢复同步。科学技术方案新力热电有限公司1、2号发电机组进相实验方案文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3
23、ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I
24、1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3
25、ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I1Q9W9I8 HC5K6V7K2P3 ZR9H3N1H7H4文档编码:CV8I
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