国际贸易法律实务试题.pdf

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1、1/7 名词解释1、offer and acceptance Offer and acceptance analysis is a traditional approach in contract law used to determine whether an agreement exists between two parties.An offer is an indication by one person to another of their willingness to contract on certain terms without further negotiations.A

2、 contract is then formed if there is express or implied agreement.A contract is said to come into existence when acceptance of an offer has been communicated to the offeror by the offeree.An offer is an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms,made with the intention that it shall beco

3、me binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed,the offeree.The expression referred to in the definition may take different forms,such as a letter,newspaper,fax,email and even conduct,as long as it communicates the basis on which the offeror is prepared to contract.The int

4、ention referred to in the definition is objectively judged by the courts.Acceptance is a final and unqualified expression of assent to the terms of an offer.Alternatively,an offer consisting of a promise to pay someone if the latter performs certain acts which the latter would not otherwise do(such

5、as paint a house)may be accepted by the requested conduct instead of a promise to do the act.The performance of the requested act indicates objectively the partys assent to the terms of the offer.2、信用证3、特别提款权4、独占许可5、国际特许专营International Franchising The U.S.has experienced an explosion in business for

6、mat franchising in the last two decades.the most efficient business model for distributing goods and services and the very advanced U.S.free market economy rewards efficiency above all.Essentially franchising is a very specific method or way of distributing goods and services.It has been around in o

7、ne form or another since man first began to engage in commercial enterprise.It has evolved from a simple grant of a right or privilege in the middle ages to the sophisticated business format franchise concept of today 2/7 Modern day franchising is primarily in the business format mode.This type fran

8、chising not only grants the right to use the name and sell the products or services of the franchiser but it also involves the transfer of the total way of doing business that has been developed by the franchiser 6、市场经济国家Market Economy Nations 7、仲裁Arbitration The essence of arbitration is that it is

9、 an agreement between two or more parties to try to resolve a dispute outside of the court system.The parties agree upon a third party as an arbitrator who will act as a judge and jury.After giving the parties the opportunity to present their side of the story and to present any relevant documents o

10、r other evidence,the arbitrator will act as King Solomon to decide who wins and who loses.Arbitration Award binding arbitration generally means that the winning party can take an arbitration award to a court of law and enforce it if the losing party does not comply with the terms of the decision.Non

11、-binding arbitration refers to a situation where the parties agree to use arbitration as a forum to try to resolve their differences,but neither party is bound to comply with any decision by the arbitrator.简答1、rules of acceptance Acceptance is a final and unqualified expression of assent to the term

12、s of an offer.Alternatively,an offer consisting of a promise to pay someone if the latter performs certain acts which the latter would not otherwise do(such as paint a house)may be accepted by the requested conduct instead of a promise to do the act.The performance of the requested act indicates obj

13、ectively the partys assent to the terms of the offer.Communication of acceptance.There are several rules dealing with the communication of acceptance:The acceptance must be communicated:Depending on the construction of the contract,the acceptance may not have to come until 文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8

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15、V7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8

16、E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档

17、编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7

18、T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N

19、3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 H

20、W4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V43/7 the notification of the performance of the conditions in the offer.but nonetheless the acceptance must be

21、communicated.Prior to acceptance,an offer may be withdrawn.An offer can only be accepted by the offeree,that is,the person to whom the offer is made.An offeree is not bound if another person accepts the offer on his behalf without his authorisation:It may be implied from the construction of the cont

22、ract that the offeror has dispensed with the requirement of communication of acceptance.If the offer specifies a method of acceptance,you must accept it using a method that is no less effective than the method specified.Silence cannot be construed as acceptance:2、cisg适用范围The United Nations Conventio

23、n on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(the“CISG”)is one of the documents produced through the diplomatic efforts of the United Nations Commis sion on International Trade Law(“UNCITRAL”).The CISG attempts to bridge the gap between the different legal systems of the world,mainly between th

24、e civil law(French and German sub-traditions)and the common law(English and American sub-traditions),by creating a uniform law for the international sale of goods(preamble of the CISG).The CISG governs the formation of the contract of sale as well as the rights and obligations of the buyer and selle

25、r(including their remedies).It came into force on 1 January 1988 for those countries that were then parties to it.The Sphere of Application of CISG(1)This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States(a)when the States are Contracti

26、ng States。or(b)when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a ContractingState.(2)The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings bet

27、ween,or from information disclosed by,the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.(3)Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convent

28、ion.3、买方或者卖方的救济方法文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5

29、ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F

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35、ails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention,the buyer may:(a)exercise the rights provided in articles 46 to 52。(b)claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77.(2)The buyer is not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages by exercising his right to other re

36、medies.(3)No period of grace may be granted to the seller by a court or arbitral tribunal when the buyer resorts to a remedy for breach of contract.Remedies for breach of contract by the buyer(1)If the buyer fails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention,the seller may

37、:(a)exercise the rights provided in articles 62 to 65。(b)claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77.(2)The seller is not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages by exercising his right to other remedies.(3)No period of grace may be granted to the buyer by a court or arbitral tribunal

38、when the seller resorts to a remedy for breach of contract.The seller may require the buyer to pay the price,The seller may declare the contract avoided (a)if the failure by the buyer to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract。

39、or(b)if the buyer does not,within the additional period of time fixed by the seller in accordance with paragraph(1)of article 63,perform his obligation to pay the price or take delivery of the goods,or if he declares that he will not do so within the period so fixed。However,in cases where the buyer

40、has paid the price,the seller loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so:(a)in respect of late performance by the buyer,before the seller has become aware that performance has been rendered。or(b)in respect of any breach other than late performance by the buyer,within a reasona

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45、 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7

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47、文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V4文档编码:CS7T3V10N3C10 HW4G5J8R9U5 ZV7T7F8E5V45/7 6、判断市场经济国家的标准Criteria of Market Economy 1It

48、differs from either historical self-sufficient economy or planned economy,2.Criteria of Market Economy as Defined by Relevant Antidumping Laws of the USA,the EU and Canada 3.Non-Market Economy Countries as referred to by the US Department of Commerce are countries whose operation does not follow mar

49、ket costs or price rules Criteria of Market Economy as Defined by the USA：Non-Market Economy Countries as referred to by the US Department of Commerce are countries whose operation does not follow market costs or price rules six statutory requirements：(1)the extent to which the currency of the forei

50、gn country is convertible into the currency of other countries。(2)the extent to which wage rates in the foreign country are determined by free bargaining between labor and management。(3)the extent to which joint ventures or other investments by firms of other foreign countries are permitted in the f