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1、功 和 功 率 知 识 点精品文档收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除一、功的理解和正负判断1.做功的两个要素:力和物体在力的方向上发生的位移。2公式:WFl cos(1)是力与位移方向之间的夹角,l 是物体对地的位移。(2)该公式只适用于恒力做功。3功的正负(曲线运动中是力与速度方向之间的夹角)夹角功的正负 90力对物体做正功 90力对物体不做功 90力对物体做负功或说成物体克服这个力做了功二、功的计算方法 1:利用定义式计算恒力的功(1)恒力做的功:直接用WFl cos 计算。(2)合力做的功方法一:先求合力F合,再用 W合F合lcos 求功。方法二:先求各力做的功W1、W2、W3、再应用
2、W合W1W2W3求合力做的功(代数和)。方法 2:利用微元法求变力做功将物体的位移分割成许多小段,因小段很小,每一小段上作用在物体上的力可以视为恒力,这样就将变力做功转化为在无数多个无穷小的位移上的恒力所做元功的代数和。此法在中学阶段,常应用于求解大小不变、方向改变的变力做功问题。方法 3:化变力为恒力求变力做功变力做功直接求解时,通常都比较复杂,但若通过转换研究的对象,有时可化为恒力做功,用WFlcos 求解。此法常常应用于轻绳通过定滑轮拉物体的问题中。方法 4:利用平均力求变力做功在求解变力做功时,若物体受到的力方向不变,而大小随位移呈线性变化,即力均匀变化时,则可以认为物体受到一大小为F
3、 F1F22的恒力作用,F1、F2分别为物体初、末态所受到的力,然后用公式W F lcos 求此力所做的功。方法 5:利用动能定理求变力做功动能定理既适用于直线运动,也适用于曲线运动,既适用于求恒力做功,也适用于求文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K
4、7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B
5、2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K
6、7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B
7、2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K
8、7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B
9、2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8精品文档收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除变力做功。因使用动能定理可由动能的变化来求功,所以动能定理是求变力做功的首选。方法 6:利用 F-x
10、图像求变力做功在 F-x 图像中,图线与x 轴所围“面积”的代数和就表示力F 在这段位移所做的功,且位于x 轴上方的“面积”为正,位于x 轴下方的“面积”为负,但此方法只适用于便于求图线所围面积的情况(如三角形、矩形、圆等规则的几何图形)。方法 7:利用 WPt 求变力做功 这是一种等效代换的观点,用WPt 计算功时,必须满足变力的功率是一定的这一条件。三、功率的理解与计算1.功率:功与完成这些功所用时间的比值。2物理意义:描述力对物体做功的快慢。3公式:(1)PWt,P 为时间 t 内的平均功率。(2)PFvv 为平均速度,则P 为平均功率。v 为瞬时速度,则P 为瞬时功率。4对公式 PFv
11、 的几点认识(1)公式 PFv 适用于力F 的方向与速度v 的方向在一条直线上的情况。(2)当力 F 和速度 v 不在同一条直线上时,可以将力F 分解或者将速度v 分解。5额定功率:机械可以长时间工作的最大输出功率。6实际功率:机械实际工作时的输出功率,要求不大于额定功率。四、机车启动问题以恒定功率启动(1)运动过程分析(2)运动过程的速度时间图像如图所示。文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8
12、文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1
13、G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8
14、文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1
15、G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8
16、文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1
17、G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8
18、精品文档收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除以恒定加速度启动(1)运动过程分析(2)运动过程的速度时间图像如图所示。文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档
19、编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1
20、F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档
21、编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1
22、F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档
23、编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8文档编码:CR9Z5B1B2Q2 HT1G1F7A7H8 ZG8K7K1C6P8
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