哈工大天线原理实验报告.pdf
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1、Harbin Institute of Technology天线原理实验报告课程名称:天线原理院系:电信学院班级:姓名:学号:指导教师:实验时间:实验成绩:哈尔滨工业大学一、实验目的1.掌握喇叭天线的原理。2.掌握天线方向图等电参数的意义。3.掌握天线测试方法。二、实验原理1.天线电参数(1).发射天线电参数:a.方向图:天线的辐射电磁场在固定距离上随空间角坐标分布的图形。b.方向性系数:在相同辐射功率,相同距离情况下,天线在该方向上的辐射功率密度Smax与无方向性天线在该方向上的辐射功率密度S0 之比值。c.有效长度:在保持该天线最大辐射场强不变的条件下,假设天线上的电流均匀分布时的等效长度
2、。d.天线效率:表征天线将高频电流或导波能量转换为无线电波能量的有效程度。e.天线增益:在相同输入功率、相同距离条件下,天线在最大辐射方向上的功率密度Smax与无方向性天线在该方向上的功率密度S0之比值。f.输入阻抗:天线输入端呈现的阻抗值。g.极化:天线的极化是指该天线在给定空间方向上远区无线电波的极化。h.频带宽度:天线电参数保持在规定的技术要求范围内的工作频率范围。(2).接收天线电参数:除了上述参数以外,接收天线还有一些特有的电参数:等效面积和等效噪声温度。a.等效面积:天线的极化与来波极化匹配,且负载与天线阻抗共轭匹配的最佳状态下,天线在该方向上所接收的功率与入射电波功率密度之比。b
3、.等效噪声温度:描述天线向接收机输送噪声功率的参数。2.喇叭天线由逐渐张开的波导构成,是一种应用广泛的微波天线。按口径形状可分为矩形喇叭天线与圆形喇叭天线等。波导终端开口原则上可构成波导辐射器,由于口径尺寸小,产生的波束过宽;另外,波导终端尺寸的突变除产生高次模外,反射较大,与波导匹配不良。为改善这种情况,可使波导尺寸加大,以便减少反射,又可在较大口径上使波束变窄。(1).H面扇形喇叭:若保持矩形波导窄边尺寸不变,逐渐张开宽边可得H面扇形喇叭。文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D
4、4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10
5、M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码
6、:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4
7、L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3
8、 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8
9、P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3
10、 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2(2).E面扇形喇叭:若保持矩形波导宽边尺寸不变,逐渐张开窄边可得H面扇形喇叭。(3).角锥喇叭:矩形波导宽边和窄边同时张开所形成的。(4).圆锥喇叭:圆波导半径逐渐张开形成。3.方向图测量(测试环境、最小测试距离、极化)测试环境:最理想的场地是自由空间,可以通过微波暗室来模拟,本次实验在实验室进行测量,测量过程中由于
11、各种反射折射及其他无线电波的干扰,对实验结果有一定干扰。最小测试距离:实际测量中,发射天线到接收天线距离有限,为保证测量精度需规定被测天线入射波的幅度、相位条件来确定最小测试距离。极化:天线在给定空间方向上远区无线电波的极化,通常指天线在其最大辐射方向上的极化。天线不能接收与其正交的极化分量,只有天线极化与来波极化一致时为极化匹配,接收机才可获得最大功率,极化失配时需乘以失配因子。4.E面、H面、主瓣宽度等概念(1).E面:通过最大辐射方向并与电场矢量平行的平面。(2).H面:通过最大辐射方向并与磁场矢量平行的平面。(3).天线的极坐标方向图呈波瓣形。最大的波瓣叫做主瓣,其余的叫副瓣或旁瓣,与
12、主瓣相反方向上的副瓣叫后瓣。a.零功率点波瓣宽度:是指主瓣最大值两边两个零辐射方向之间的夹角。b.半功率点波瓣宽度:是指主瓣最大值两边场强等于最大场强的倍的两辐射方向之间的夹角。波瓣参数是辐射能量在空间分布的一种表征。三、实验仪器发射喇叭天线:楔形角锥喇叭文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码
13、:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4
14、L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3
15、 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8
16、P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3
17、 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D
18、4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10
19、M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2接收喇叭天线:H 面扇形喇叭、E面扇形喇叭、楔形角锥喇叭、圆锥喇叭功率显示器:电源、工作盘四、实验步骤(1).将发射角锥喇叭天线与接收喇叭天线(E面扇形喇叭)垂直固定于工作盘,使其在同一高度,并对准开口测E 面方向图。(2).左右旋转接收喇叭天线同时观察功率表找到最大值点,将该点对准刻度盘0。(3).向左旋转转盘,每转1读一次示数并记录,读到电流变不再有示数显示为止。(4).刻度盘归零,向右旋转转盘步骤同上一步。(5).接收喇叭天线换成其他类型,测出数据,步骤同上。(6).用 matlab 将所得数据换算成
20、dB 值并进行归一化处理。在 OriginPro上输入数据,画出极坐标图。五、实验数据六、实验结果各图如下文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5
21、A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文
22、档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK
23、6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J
24、3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC
25、7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R4E3 ZR10D4P5A10M2文档编码:CK6R4L2J3I3 HC7C8P3R
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