厂房的轻钢结构体系与RC结构体系的经济性分析比较.pdf

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1、1 厂房的轻钢结构体系与RC 结构体系的经济性分析比较摘要：与钢筋混凝土结构体系（简称RC 结构体系）的厂房相比，轻钢结构体系具有显著的的优点。结构是否适合钢结构主要取决于钢结构本身所具有的优越特性,即具有材料强度高塑性和韧性好、材质均匀、质量轻、制作简便、施工周期短等混凝土结构所不具备的特点,通常用于大跨度、体型复杂、荷载或吊车起重量大、有较大振动、高温车间、密封性要求高、要求能活动或经常装拆的结构。随着中国国民经济的进一步发展，钢结构必将在各行业各领域得到广泛快速地发展。本文对单层厂房和多层框架厂房的不同结构体系进行了经济性的分析比较，做出了一些归纳性的的总结，可为以后类似工程选结构体系时

2、提供一些参考。关键词：厂房建筑；轻钢结构体系；钢筋混凝土结构体系；经济性中图分类号：TU375.4 文献标识码：A文章编号：Economy of analysis and comparison on the light steel structure system or the steel reinforced concrete structure system of workshop building Abstract:Reinforced concrete structural system(referred to as the RC structural system)of the pl

3、ant compared to light steel structure system has significant advantages.Whether the fame fits the steel structure or not is depended on the suitability of steel structure,and steel structure itself has the superior characteristics,Such as high plastic and good toughness,uniformity,light weight,simpl

4、e making,short construction period and other characteristics which concrete structures do not have.usually for large span,complex size,high load or crane lifting capacity,a greater vibration,high temperature,high sealing demanding,requiring frequent assembly and disassembly workshop structure,With t

5、he further development of Chinas national economy,steel structure is bound to have a rapid grow in various industries and wide fields.This paper consists of economic analysis and comparison of single-story and multi-story factory structure system,and some inductive conclusion which can provide some

6、reference for future similar structural system projects.Keywords:Workshop building；Light steel structure system；Reinforced concrete structure system；Economical轻型钢结构是国内外目前应用和发展速度最快的新型结构形式，广泛应用于工业、居住和公共建筑,具有自重轻、施工速度快、建筑造型美观、钢材用量少，造价低等优势，而门式刚架结构体系作为轻型钢结构的一种结构形式，在国内更是大量涌现。目前，门式刚架从设计、制作到安装已形成一体化，与钢筋混凝土结构

7、体系（以下简称RC 结构体系）的厂房相比，钢结构具有显著的的优点。一 单层厂房建筑实例经济性比较项目采用了三个不同的结构体系进行了项目的设计、施工预算，这三个的结构体系分别2 是：1、单跨无中柱方案(轻钢结构体系)，平面长 90m x 宽 24m，檐高度为7.5m，柱距 7.5m，建筑面积为2160m2,见图 1；图 1 单跨无中柱方案2、双跨有中柱方案(轻钢结构体系)，平面 90m 长 x 48m 宽，檐高7.5m，柱距 7.5m 建筑面积为 4320m2,见图 2；图 2 双跨有中柱方案3、混凝土柱、预应力混凝土屋面梁或预应力混凝土屋架系统（RC 结构体系），平面 90m长 x 24m 宽

8、，檐高7.5m，柱距 6.0m,建筑面积为2160m2,见图 3；图 3 混凝土柱、预应力混凝土屋面梁或预应力混凝土屋架系统方案以上建筑物的设计基于荷载情况假设如下：风荷载：0.55KN/m2；雪荷载：0.40KN/m2；地震烈度：7 度（a=0.15g）三类场地土；吊挂荷载：0.15KN/m2，无吊车荷载；最后根据此设计条件计算出的截面尺寸进行整个工程量的预算，按照当地的材料价格得出一个综合造价表，见表一；表一单层厂房建筑三个不同的结构体系的综合造价预算表单跨无中柱方案(轻钢结构体系)双跨有中柱方案(轻钢结构体系)混凝土柱、预应力混凝土屋面梁或预应力混凝土屋架系统（RC 结构文档编码:CY6

9、L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9

10、A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C

11、6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:C

12、Y6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 H

13、I9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX

14、6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码

15、:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B13 体系）建筑方案平面 90m 长 x 24m 宽，檐高7.5m，柱距 7.5m，平面 90m 长 x 48m 宽，檐高7.5m，柱距 7.5m，平面 90m 长 x 24m 宽，檐高 7.5m，柱距 6.0m，焊接H 型梁柱梁柱变截面设计，全部工厂预制（无中柱）梁柱变截面设计（

16、中柱等截面），全部工厂预制混凝土柱现场浇注，屋面梁（屋架）工厂或现场制作围 护 系 统次结构热浸镀锌冷弯薄壁型钢次结构，全部工厂预制并预打孔热浸镀锌冷弯薄壁型钢次结构，全部工厂预制并预打孔无此项围 护 系 统屋面MR-24 金属屋面板 75mm 玻璃纤维保温棉（带进口白聚丙烯贴面）MR-24 金属屋面板 75mm 玻璃纤维保温棉（带进口白聚丙烯贴面）混凝土大型屋面板保温层（聚苯材料或其他材料）卷材防水层围 护 系 统墙面彩色墙面波纹钢外板75mm玻璃纤维保温棉彩色波纹钢内板彩色墙面波纹钢外板75mm玻璃纤维保温棉彩色波纹钢内板传统粘土砖墙或其他轻型替代产品（混凝土砌块等）综 合 用 钢量（kg

17、/m2）32.60 32.13 65.00 屋 面 成 本（元/m2）280.00 280.00 380.00 综 合 造 价（元/m2）480.53 427.73 700.00 以上方案中仅考虑室内地坪以上部分的建筑造价，不包括门窗、基础及材料的安装费部分；而屋面系统材料成本包括主梁、檩条、保温棉、山墙饰边(边墙天沟)和金属屋面板;混凝土屋面包括混凝土、钢筋、保温层和防水卷材。从表一中我们看出第二种方案的综合用钢量均比第一种、第三种的方案都少，分别为：比第一种结构方案节省1.44%，而比第三种结构方案节省50.57%；在综合造价方面，第二种方案也是均比第一种、第三种方案的综合造价都少，分别为

18、：比第一种结构方案节省10.99%，比第三种结构方案节省38.90%。因此看的出来，单层多跨厂房建筑如果采用轻钢结构体系是能给企业节省一些经济效益。二 多层框架厂房建筑实例经济性比较地面上五层，占地面积4331m2，总建筑面积为21333 m2，为了避免高规规范和高规防火要求，建筑总高度22.800m（图 1），宽边方向50.0m，长边方向80.0m（图 2），柱距为 412.5m x 108.0m。见图 4；文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A

19、10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W

20、6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6

21、N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L

22、5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A

23、5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6

24、M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY

25、6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B14 图 4 多层框架厂房建筑剖面图设计基于荷载情况假设如下：风荷载：0.55KN/m2；雪荷载：0.40KN/m2；活荷载：5.00KN/m2；地震烈度：7 度（a=0.15g）三类场地土；吊挂荷载：0.15KN/m2，无吊车荷载。分别采用了三种结构体系进行了结构设计，三种结构体系分别是：钢管砼柱，轻型H 型钢框架支撑体系、轧制H 型钢梁柱框架体系、钢筋混凝土框架体系。该多层厂房建筑采用钢结构体系时，与纯钢框架结构体系相比，采用钢框架 支撑结构体

26、系的支撑承受水平荷载，提供侧向刚度，结构层间位移小了，从而能够有效地减少构件的截面尺寸，且随地震烈度的增加，水平地震力越大，越能够体现出钢框架支撑结构体系比纯钢框架结构体系优越，截面小，用钢量少。钢框架 支撑结构体系的支撑设置在分户窗上，避免钢支撑对门窗洞口位置和大小的限制。该项目工程楼板为压型钢板加混凝土的楼板，压型钢板选用型号为2W（板厚0.75mm，波高 51mm，波距 305mm）镀锌钢板，其最小屈服强度为300MPa；组合次梁上部剪力钉单排19x110305 满跨均布，夹层收边、楼层开口处及主梁上部剪力钉采用单排16x90305；所有板的完成总厚度均为130mm.，板的混凝土强度等级

27、为C30。最后根据此设计条件计算出的截面尺寸进行整个工程量的预算，按照当地的材料价格得出一个综合造价表，见表二。表二多层框架厂房建筑三个不同的结构体系的综合造价预算表结构型式内容钢管砼柱，轻型 H 型钢框架支撑体系（钢-混凝土结构体系）轧制H 型钢梁柱框架体系（钢框架 支撑结构体系）钢筋混凝土框架体系（钢筋混凝土结构体系）框架柱6006 钢管（内灌C40 砼）H500 500 12 22 800 800 框架梁H900X340X8X20 H900X340X8X20 450 900 楼板130mm 厚现浇板130mm 厚现浇板130mm 厚现浇板填充墙250 厚加气砼砌块（外墙）150 厚加气砼

28、砌块(内墙)250 厚加气砼砌块（外墙）150 厚加气砼砌块(内墙)250 厚砌块（外墙）150 厚砌块(内墙)综合用钢量（kg/m2）51.6 84.8 55 综合造价（元/m2）1100 1450 1200 从表二中我们看出第二种方案的综合用钢量均比第一种、第三种的方案都多，分别为：比第一种结构方案多出39.15%，而比第三种结构方案多出35.14%；在综合造价方面，第二种方案也是均比第一种、第三种方案的综合造价都多了许多，分别为：比第一种结构方案节多出 24.14%，比第二种结构方案多出17.24%。因此看的出来，多层框架厂房建筑如果采用钢-混凝土结构体系是能给企业节省一些经济效益。文档

29、编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1

30、G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V

31、5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1

32、文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10

33、W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F

34、5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8

35、B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B15 三 预制轻钢结构建筑与传统钢筋混凝土建筑的维修对比建筑在使用过程当中适当的维修时延长建筑寿命的有力途径，这时产生的维修费也应不容忽视。很多建筑物在业主建完使用时若不进行维修或保养，建筑物就会产生漏水、渗水、色彩剥落，往往会给业主带来不利的影响，会影响室内的设备操作

36、，如果建筑物发生漏水或渗水的话会破坏工业设备，反而损失更大。如果外观不进行维修或保养的话，影响到企业的形象，干净整洁的建筑物能给工人带来一种积极主动的工作态度，无形当中给企业带来了竞争力。预制轻钢建筑主要考虑是每10 年需要对屋面可能出现的渗漏或局部防锈处理，通常没有特别污染气体或物体在屋面上，维修费用是很低的，见表四。传统混凝土屋面需要加保温层和防水卷材，目前国内防水卷材寿命一般在8 至 15 年左右，通常是10 年一定需要更换。建筑材料的回收利用，预制轻钢建筑材料的72%是可回收再利用，有利于环境保护。混凝土建筑只有 10%不到，产生大量建筑垃圾。表四建筑的全生命周期的综合费用（50 年）

37、建筑类型初 期 建 造成本（元每平方米）全生命周期维护成本（特指屋面系统）总成本（元每平方米）周期（年）5 年10 年15 年20 年25 年30 年35 年40 年45 年50 年预 制 轻 钢建筑280 0 0 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 0 430 传 统 混 凝土建筑380 0 120 0 120 0 120 0 120 0 0 860 四 总结综上所述，单层厂房和多层框架厂房在采用结构计算体系时，单层多跨的轻钢结构厂房比单层单跨轻钢厂房或混凝土结构厂房更节约经济和节省工期，而在多层框架厂房选取结构体系时建议采用钢筋混凝土结构体系更优于钢结构体系。对轻钢结构单层厂房与钢筋混凝土单

38、层厂房之间的优劣还做了以下的一些总结：1、自重轻，节约钢材轻钢结构重量是普钢结构的1/31/5，是混凝土结构的1/61/10；轻钢墙体重量仅是砖混墙体的 1/91/10，如：18 米跨屋架，混凝土重3700 kg，冷弯型钢仅有579kg；砖墙重为280kg/m2，轻钢墙体仅30kg/m2；轻钢结构构件大量采用冷弯型钢，其截面力学特性好，因为它不是单纯增加截面面积，而是通过改变截面形状提高承载能力，节约钢材，称为高效型材；轻钢构件截面特点：壁薄、板件宽厚比大，局部屈曲应力低，轻钢结构设计允许局部屈曲并利用屈后强度，充分发挥材料性能，节省钢材用量。但构件强度、稳定验算时必须采用有效截面设计；2、结

39、构安全可靠，抗震性能好混凝土结构属脆性破坏，而轻钢结构是延性破坏模式，能做到大震不倒；自重轻，钢结构比混凝土减少地震反应1.41.8 倍，地震作用对低层和门式钢架轻钢结构基本不起控制；冷弯型钢构件由于冷弯效应，截面强度提高15%左右（有强度储备）；轻钢房屋屋面、墙面与承重钢构件牢固连成一体，因此有较强的蒙皮效应，轻钢房屋实际受力、变形均比按平面体系设计小15%左右（安全储备）；3、房屋空间大，使用灵活如门式钢架结构，中间无柱，工艺布置十分灵活；轻钢构件小，比用混凝土结构增加使用面积10%左右。如 10 万 m2建筑，钢结构构件比混凝土构件少占空间1000 m2；文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G

40、1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5

41、 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文

42、档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W

43、1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5

44、V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B

45、1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A1

46、0W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B16 4、工业化生产，施工周期短工厂生产，构件精度高，建造不受季节限制；施工周期短。78 千 m2轻钢建筑，3 个月到半年左右可交付使用。建造时间短，深受外商、业主欢迎，因回收投资快；5、轻钢房屋外形美观，造型好一般坡顶屋面，可设计成各种线条、外形的彩色墙面、屋面；室内管线均在墙体内，屋内空间简洁

47、、适用，布置方便；6、综合经济效益好造价接近甚至低于钢筋混凝土结构；施工周期短，早投产早得效益；有效使用面积增加；投资造价分配合理，如：轻钢房屋基础工程占总造价10%（混凝土40%)，地上工程占90%（混凝土 60%）；材料费占总造价60%（混凝土 40%)，人工费占40%（混凝土60%），见图 5；60904010406060400102030405060708090地上基础材料费人工费钢筋砼结构轻钢结构图 5 投资造价分配7、有利生态环境保护和减少施工环境污染传统的秦砖汉瓦，挖土烧砖方法破坏生态环境，如：天津258 家砖瓦厂，一年烧砖57 亿块，毁地 3000 亩（1994 年 1 月 7

48、 日天津日报）；中国一年要生产7000 亿块砖，占世界总产量的 1/2，毁地约10 万亩，耗煤约7000 吨（1997 年 8 月 12 日光明日报）；中国一年要用水泥5亿吨（占世界总产量1/3 强），烧水泥排放大量CO2,污染大气；混凝土施工湿作业，现场环境脏乱，施工噪音大，混凝土建筑不可重复使用，建筑垃圾难处理；轻钢结构工厂制造，工地拼装，施工现场基本无污染，无毁地破坏生态问题；轻钢结构房屋改造重建时，钢材可回收重复利用，属可重复利用型和环保型绿色建筑。文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V

49、5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1

50、文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10W1G1 HI9A5W6F5V5 ZX6C6M6N8B1文档编码:CY6L5A10