发散思维的经典例子典型案例(2).pdf

《发散思维的经典例子典型案例(2).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《发散思维的经典例子典型案例(2).pdf（4页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、发散思维的经典例子典型案例(2)创造性思维二、发散思维是一种重要的创造性思维、具有流畅性、变通性和独创性等特点。应用1.发挥想象力德国著名的哲学家黑格尔说过:“创造性思维需要有丰富的想象。”一位老师在课堂上给同学们出了一道有趣的题目“砖都有哪些用处?”，要求同学们尽可能想得多一些，想得远一些。马上有的同学想到了砖可以造房子、垒鸡舍、修长城。有的同学想到古代人们把砖刻成建筑上的工艺品。有一位同学的回答很有意思，他说砖可以用来打坏人。从发散性思维的角度来看，这位同学的回答应该得高分，因为他把砖和武器联系在一起了。一位妈妈从市场上买回一条活鱼，女儿走过来看妈妈杀鱼，妈妈看似无意地问女儿:“你想怎么吃

2、?”“煎着吃!”女儿不假思索地回答。妈妈又问:“还能怎么吃?”“油炸!”“除了这两种，还可以怎么吃?”女儿想了想:“烧鱼汤。”妈妈穷追不舍:“你还能想出几种吃法吗?”女儿眼睛盯着天花板，仔细想了想，终于又想出了几种:“还可以蒸、醋熘、或者吃生鱼片。”妈妈还要女儿继续想，这回，女儿思考了半天才答道:“还可以腌咸鱼、晒鱼干吃。”妈妈首先夸奖女儿聪明，然后又提醒女儿:“一条鱼还可以有两种吃法，比如，鱼头烧汤、鱼身煎，或者一鱼三吃、四吃，是不是?你喜欢怎么吃，咱们就怎么做。”女儿点点头:“妈，我想用鱼头烧豆腐，鱼身子煎着吃。”培养学生的创造性既要靠老师，也要靠家长。要善于从教学和生活中捕捉能激发学生创

3、造欲望、为他们提供一个能充分发挥想象力的空间与契机，让他们也有机会“异想天开”，心驰神往。要知道，奇思妙想是产生创造力的不竭源泉。在寻求“唯一正确答案”的影响下，学生往往是受教育越多，思维越单一，想象力也越有限。这就要求教师要充分挖掘教材的潜在因素，在课堂上启发学生，展开丰富合理的想象，对作品进行再创造。2.淡化标准答案，鼓励多向思维学习知识要不惟书、不惟上、不迷信老师和家长、不轻信他人。应倡导让学生提出与教材、与老师不同的见解，鼓励学生敢于和同学、和老师争辩。单向思维大多是低水平的发散，多向思维才是高质量的思维。只有在思维时尽可能多地给自己提一些“假如”、“假定”、“否则”之类的问题，才能强

4、迫自己换另一个角度去思考，想自己或别人未想过的问题。老师在教学中要多表扬、少批评，让学生建立自信，承认自我，同时鼓励学生求新。训练学生沿着新方向、新途径去思考新问题，弃旧图新、超越已知，寻求首创性的思维。有一篇题为一切为了考试的中学生作文，记述了一个“奇怪的梦”:“记不清是哪天晚上，我做了一个奇怪的梦:四面楚歌，十面埋伏，真是莫名惊诧。一元二次方程的判别式是什么?茅盾原名?-教科书上写着:沈雁冰-老师说是沈德鸿，无所适从。烈日当空。氢氧化铝分子式。蚊子叮在脖子上，啪!电视节目是血的锁链，父亲不让看电视。春眠不觉晓，多困啊!又是可恶的文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 Z

5、E10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G

6、2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文

7、档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 Z

8、E10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G

9、2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文

10、档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 Z

11、E10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G

12、2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10二元二次方程式，监考老师严峻的脸。一张53 分的数学试卷，我吓得大哭3.打破常规、弱化思维定势有一道智力测验题，“用什么方法能使冰最快地变成水?”一般人往往回答要用加热、太阳晒的方法，答案却是“去掉两点水”。这就超出人们的想象了。而思维定势能使学生在处理熟悉的问题时驾轻就熟，得心应手，并使问题圆满解决。所以用来应付现在的考试相当有效。但在需要开拓创新时，思维定势就会变成“思维枷锁”，阻碍新思维、新方法的构建，也阻碍新知识的吸收。因此，思维定势与创新教育是互相矛盾的。“创”与“造”两方面是有机结合起来的，“创”就是打破常规，“造”就是在此

13、基础上生产出有价值、有意义的东西来。因此，首先要鼓励学生的“创”，如果把“创”扼杀在摇篮里，何谈还有“造”呢?4.大胆质疑明代哲学家陈献章说过:“前辈谓学贵有疑，小疑则小进，大疑则大进。”质疑能力的培养对启发学生的思维发展和创新意识具有重要作用。质疑常常是培养创新思维的突破口。孟子说:“尽信书不如无书”。书本上的东西，不一定都是全对的。真理有其绝对性，又有其相对性，任何一篇文章都有其可推敲之处，鼓励学生大胆怀疑书本，引导学生发表独特见解，这是提升学生创新能力的重要一环。在质疑过程中，学生创造性地学，教师创造性地教。质疑能将机械性记忆变为理解性记忆，让学生尝到学习、创造的乐趣。反省思维是一种冷静

14、的自我反省，是对自己原有的思考和结论采取批判的态度并不断给予完善的过程。这实际上是一种良好的自我教育，是学生学会创新思维的重要途径。5.学会反向思维事例文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G1

15、0文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2

16、 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N1

17、0G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G1

18、0文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2

19、 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N1

20、0G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G1

21、0文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10我国生产抽油烟机的厂家都在如何能“不粘油”上下功夫，但绝对不粘油是做不到的，用户每隔半年左右还得清洗一次抽油烟机。美国有一位发明家却从相反方向去考虑问题，他发明了一种专门能吸附油污的纸，贴在抽油烟机的内壁上，油污就被纸吸收，用户只需定期更换吸油纸，就能保证抽油烟机干净如初。这就是反向思维的典型实例。20 世纪 50 年代，世界

22、各国都在研究制造晶体管的原料-锗。其中的关键技术是将锗提炼得非常纯。诺贝尔奖获得者、日本的著名的半导体专家江崎和助手在长期试验中，无论怎样仔细操作，总免不了混入一些杂质，严重影响了晶体管参数的一致性。有一次，他突然想，假如采用相反的操作过程，有意地添加少量杂质，结果会是怎样呢?经过试验，当锗的纯度降低到原先一半时，一种性能优良的半导体材料终于诞生了。这是反向思维的又一成功事例。让我们也常常潜入“森林”，另辟蹊径，去发现、去领略那前人从未见过的奇丽风光吧，这时，你就可以欢呼:“啊，这片天地是我首先发现的，大家都来看吧!”猜你喜欢：文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE1

23、0I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2

24、HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编

25、码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE1

26、0I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2

27、HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编

28、码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE1

29、0I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10文档编码:CZ8R6L7N10G2 HP2N1B3C7P2 ZE10I10H2K10G10