2021年河中石兽》阅读练习及答案.pdf

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1、河中石兽沧州南一寺临河干，山门圮于河，二石兽并沉焉。阅十余岁，僧募金重修，求石兽于水中，竟不可得。以为顺流下矣，棹数小舟，曳铁钯，寻十余里，无迹。一讲学家设帐寺中，闻之笑曰：“尔辈不能究物理，是非木杮，岂能为暴涨携之去？乃石性坚重，沙性松浮，湮于沙上，渐沉渐深耳。沿河求之，不亦颠乎？”众服为确论。一老河兵闻之，又笑曰：“凡河中失石，当求之于上流。盖石性坚重，沙性松浮，水不能冲石，其反激之力，必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴，渐激渐深，至石之半，石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮，石又再转。转转不已，遂反溯流逆上矣。求之下流，固颠；求之地中，不更颠乎？”如其言，果得于数里外。然则天下之事，但知其一，不知其二者多矣

2、，可据理臆断欤？12.解释下面句中加点的词语。(4 分)一寺临河干（）山门圮于河（）阅十余岁（）但知其一（）（5）不更 颠乎（）13.指出下面加点词语的古今异义。(4 分)如是再啮古义：（）今义：（）尔辈不能究物理古义：（）今义：（）14.下面句中的“之”用法不同的一项是（）(2 分)A.闻之笑曰 B.当求之于上流 C.一老河兵闻之 D.其反激之力15.用现代汉语翻译下列语句。(4 分)是非木柿，岂能为暴涨携之去？翻译然则天下事，但知其一，不知其二者多矣，可据理臆断欤？翻译（3）必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴。（4）遂反溯流逆上矣。16.这个故事说明了一个什么道理？(2 分)17、对于河中石兽的位置

3、，寺僧判断其“在水中”、“顺流下矣”；讲学家判断其在_，理由是 _；老水兵则判断其在 _，是因为“转转不已，遂反溯流逆上矣”。(3 分)河中石兽检测一、文学常识填空：1、本文选自作者是，字，直隶献县人。代家,这是一本以形式写成的小说，内容以记述、为主。2、“四库全书”分古今图书为、四档。二、给下列加点的字注音.精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页，共 3 页纪昀（）（）圮（）于河棹（）数小舟曳铁钯（）（）木杮（）湮（）没啮（）沙溯（）欤（）三、解释下列句中加点和加线的词语：1.临：2.河干：3.山门圮于河：3.阅十余岁：4.棹：5.设帐：6.尔辈不能 究物理

4、：7.是非木杮：8.湮：9.耳:10.啮：11.坎穴：12.不已:13.遂：14.溯流:15.如其言：16.但：17.据理臆断：18.求石兽于水中：19.竟不可得：20.凡河中失石:21.曳铁钯：22.以为：23.盖：24.闻之：25.固颠：26.二石兽并沉 焉：27.然则：28.乃石性坚重:四、解释下列句中的通假字1、不亦颠乎？_通_，“_”2、曳铁钯。_通_，“_”五、解释下面“一词多义”的词语。（注意中考必考八个虚词：而、之、以、于、为、其、则、乎）闻之笑曰山门圮于河沿河求 之求石兽 于水中一老河兵闻 之2、于湮于沙上1、之当求 之于上流当求之 于上流其反激 之力必于石下迎水处至石之半果

5、得于数里外求之下流、求 之地中其反激之力然则天下 之事4、其如其言岂能 为暴涨携之去但知其一，不知 其二3、为众服为确论如是再啮啮沙为坎穴5、如如其言六下面句中哪个词语是文言文中“词类活用”？请用横线标示出来，并解释它在句中的意思。1、棹数小舟2、岂能为暴涨携之去七下面加线的词语属于文言文“古今异义”现象，请解释它的古义和今义。1、尔辈不能究物理（古义：今义：）2.是非木杮（古义：今义：）3.阅十余岁（古义：今义：）4 但知其一（古义：今义：连词，表转折，但是，却）5、竟不可得（古义：今义：）6、转转不已（古义：今义：已经）精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 2

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12、6P7Z4B4文档编码:CQ9L6C4Z4G7 HL2A1Q9M7X7 ZT4H6P7Z4B4文档编码:CQ9L6C4Z4G7 HL2A1Q9M7X7 ZT4H6P7Z4B4文档编码:CQ9L6C4Z4G7 HL2A1Q9M7X7 ZT4H6P7Z4B47、求之下流，固颠（古义：今义：坚固）八翻译下面的句子：（1）尔辈不能究物理，是非木杮，岂能为暴涨携之去？译：（2）必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴。译：（3）然则天下之事，但知其一，不知其二者多矣，可据理臆断欤？译：（4）求石兽于水中，竟不可得。译：（5）如其言，果得于数里外。译：（6）众服为确论。译：九、主题思想：这个故事说明了一个什么道理？答：_

13、 答案：（二）12.靠近倒塌经历 只（5）通“癫”疯狂13.这样判断动词事物的道理物理学14.D 15.这不是木片，怎么能被河水冲走呢？既然这样，那么天下的事情只知其一，不知其二的太多了，难道可以根据一点道理就可以主观臆断吗？（3）一定会将石头底下迎着水流的地方冲刷成坑穴。（4）于是（石头）反而逆流而上了。16.事物的变化是很多的，不能凭主观臆断去判断事物。（言之成理即可）（或者：许多自然现象的发生往往有着复杂的原因，我们不能只知其一，不知其二，仅仅根据自己的一知半解就根据常情作出主观的判断。）17、“湮于沙下，渐沉渐深”“石性坚重，沙性松浮”“求之于上流”精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑

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