2021年学前儿童游戏.pdf
《2021年学前儿童游戏.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2021年学前儿童游戏.pdf(27页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、第一章学前儿童游戏的基本理论游戏的外部条件特征1、幼儿有自由选择的权利与可能2、活动的方式方法由幼儿自行决定3、活动的难度与幼儿能力相匹配4、幼儿不寻求或担忧游戏以外的奖惩游戏的本质性特征(一)游戏是一种快乐的行为(二)游戏是一种自发的行为(三)游戏是一种假装的行为(四)游戏是一种有规则的行为【精力过剩说(剩余精力说)】主要观点:生物有维护自己生存的能力,身体健康的儿童除了维持正常生活外,还有剩余精力,剩余精力需要发泄,游戏就是一种剩余精力的发泄方式。此种理论可以用来解释1、儿童从事一段时间的智力活动后,需要追逐、奔跑等活动2、孩子的精力看上去总比成人旺盛3、高等动物比低等动物更有精力启示与评
2、价启示:儿童游戏时间的保证和机会的提供评价:1、试图说明游戏的物质前提2、在游戏研究领域起到了拓荒者的作用3、缺乏以实验为依据的证明精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页,共 27 页4、无法解释孩子游戏到精疲力尽后又开始游戏【松弛消遣说(娱乐论)】主要观点:1、人类在脑力和体力劳动中都会感到疲劳,为了消除疲劳,恢复精力,就产生了游戏;2、对于幼儿来说,对复杂的外部世界难以适应,很容易产生疲劳,这就需要游戏来使其轻松一下,以便恢复精力;3、游戏是童年期自发的、以本能为基础的活动,是儿童自然的、积极的生活。启示与评价启示:教育及学习活动中的动静交替、有张有弛评价
3、:1、无法解释体力劳动者为什么要游戏2、如何解释儿童的游戏(儿童还不会去从事工作)3、排除了许多有智力参与的游戏(把游戏看成是非脑力性的活动)4、不适合解释儿童游戏,适合解释动态静态关系。【预演说(生活预备说)】主要观点:1、儿童有天生的本能,但本能不能适应将来复杂的生活,要有一个准备生活的阶段,在天赋本能的基础上进行练习,锻炼自己为生存竞争所必需的能力。2、游戏是儿童对未来生活的一种无意识的准备,是练习本能的一种手段。3、越是高等的动物,将来的生活就越复杂,所以游戏期就越长。启示与评价启示:在游戏中让儿童学习,在实践中设计不同类型的游戏,让儿童学习。【复演论】主要观点:1、游戏是人类生物遗传
4、的结果,儿童游戏是重现祖先生物进化的过程,重现祖先进化过程中产生的动作和活动。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 2 页,共 27 页文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 H
5、S8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8
6、Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 H
7、S8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8
8、Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 H
9、S8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8
10、Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z32、游戏的发展过程同种族的演化过程相吻合,儿童通过游戏重演史前的人类祖先到现代进化的各个发展阶段,在游戏中根除史前状态的动物残余,让个体摆脱原始的、不必要的本能动作,为当代复杂的活动作准备。启示与
11、评价启示:不能忽视儿童发展过程中本应经历的阶段。1、复演说缺乏可靠的科学依据。2、复演说也不能解释现代社会儿童游戏的内容。3、霍尔在某种程度上是看到了儿童游戏内容的社会历史性的:社会环境不同,儿童游戏内容不同。4、但是,他没有能够对这种现象作出正确的解释。唤起了后人考察游戏的社会历史性的兴趣。四种理论的关系:统一中蕴含着对立经典游戏理论的评价:经典游戏理论的贡献1、在人类思想史上第一次严肃地思考并解释了儿童游戏的原因与意义;为游戏“正名”。2、从儿童生活的不同侧面对儿童游戏的原因与意义进行解释;3、从人的一般本性和共性角度对儿童游戏的原因与意义进行解释。经典游戏理论的局限性1、受生物进化论的影
12、响从本能的生物性角度解释游戏,关注人类特性,不是个体特点。2、以工作作为游戏的对立面解释游戏,总体有些消极。3、主要是主观思辨的产物,缺乏科学的实验基础精神分析学派的游戏理论代表人物:佛洛依德、埃里克森、帕勒和蒙尼格理论思想:人和动物一样,有需要发泄的原始冲动和本能欲望,但人和动物不同,社会道德规范必须限制这种发泄,当这些被压抑在潜意识里的冲动和欲望累积起来时,将会不自觉地寻找出路,以做梦、幻想、口误等潜意识表现加以发泄。启示与评价精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 3 页,共 27 页文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z
13、3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS
14、8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z
15、3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS
16、8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z
17、3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS
18、8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z
19、3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3(一)精神分析学派游戏理论的贡献:1、推动游戏理论与儿童心理发展理论的密切结合2、普遍重视游戏对儿童社会性和情感发展的价值。3、促进游戏治疗技术和人格研究方法的发展。娃娃游戏4、强调早期经验对健康成年生活的重要性。(二)精神分析学派游戏理论的局限性1、具有明显的临床诊断色彩。来源于对于个别儿童的研究,研究结论的普遍性存在问题。2、具有明显的主观臆测倾向。研究的科学性存在问题。认知发展学派游戏理论1、认知发展学派的代表人物是瑞士着名心理
20、学家皮亚杰2、皮亚杰在儿童认知发展的总体框架中考察儿童游戏3、他认为游戏是儿童智力活动的一方面,是儿童智力发展的一种手段。4、他的游戏理论与其认知发展阶段理论有着密切的联系。主要观点:1、游戏是儿童智力活动的一方面,是同化超过了顺应。2、游戏是儿童巩固概念的方法,是思维与活动相结合的方法。3、游戏帮助儿童解决情感冲突,实现现实生活中不能实现的愿望。4、游戏的发展受儿童认知水平的制约,并与儿童认知发展阶段相适应。同化:是把环境因素纳入有机体原有结构中去。顺应:是有机体在环境因素的作用下使自身发生变化以适应环境。启示与评价(一)认知发展学派游戏理论的贡献(二)1、开拓从儿童认知发展的角度考察儿童游
21、戏的新途径。(三)2、强调游戏对于儿童情感发展的重要价值。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 4 页,共 27 页文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6
22、 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5
23、M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6
24、 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5
25、M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6 ZX5I8S6S8Z3文档编码:CO5M5M8H5W5 HS8A9G5Y6Q6
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2021 学前 儿童 游戏
限制150内