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2021年生物专业英语试题及答案.pdf

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1、生物专业英语试题及答案一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语：?1、Odorant receptor气味受体（气味感受器、嗅觉受体、嗅觉感受器也得1 分；仅答受体或感受器，则得0.5分）。2、Differentially expressed gene差异化表达基因（答为“不同表达基因”，仅得0.5 分）。3、MOE主要嗅（觉）上皮答为“嗅（觉）上皮”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Main olfactory epithelium”，也得分。?4、VNO4犁鼻器（答为“信息素外周感受器”也得1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Vomeronasal organ”，也得分）。5、S

2、ocial behavior社会行为（答为“社群行为、社交行为”也得1 分）。?6、Monogamy一夫一妻制（答为“一雄一雌制、单配制”也得1 分）7、Vasopressin精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页，共 14 页加压素（答为“抗利尿素”仅得0.5 分）。8、Oxytocin催产素。9、Kin recognition亲属识别。?10、Autism自闭症/孤独症。11、NIH(美国)国家(立)卫生研究院(所)(若写出其英文术语全称NIH=National Institutes of Health 也得分)。12、HHMI霍华德休斯医学研究所(若写出

3、其英文术语全称HHMI=Howard Hughes Medical Institute也得分；或者译为 Howard Hughes 医学研究所，也得全分)。13、Nanotechnology纳米技术（纳米科技、奈米技术、奈米科技）。阳光大学生网14、Renewable energy可再生能源（量）（答为“可更新能源、再生能源”，或意思相近者，也得1 分）。精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 2 页，共 14 页文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I

4、9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P

5、5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8

6、M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U

7、8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN

8、9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8

9、N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L

10、9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E1015、Biomechanical energy生物机械能（答为“生物力能、生物力学能”也得1 分，而“生物化学能、生物能”，则得 0.5 分）?16、Nanogenerator纳米发电机（答为“纳米发动机、纳米电机、纳米发生器、纳米生产器”，也得1 分）。17、Systems biology系统生物学。18、DNA sequencerDNA测序仪答为“DNA 测序（器、机）、DNA 序列仪（器）”也得1 分，答为

11、DNA 序列，仅得 0.5 分。19、Neurodegenerative diseases神经退行性病（若答为“神经系统退行性疾病”或者“神经系统退化性疾病”，也得 1）。20、Amygdala 杏仁核（答为“杏仁体”，也得1 分）。将英语短文译为中文:（4 篇短文，每个小题的标题也要翻译，各为20、10、10、10 分，共 50 分）1.“The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004”Press Release（20 分）精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 3 页，共 14 页文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC

12、8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1

13、L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码

14、:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4

15、HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 Z

16、K1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档

17、编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G

18、4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E104 October 2004The Nobel Assemblyat Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2004 jointly toRichar

19、d Axel and Linda B.Buckfor their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory systemSummaryThe sense of smell long remained the most enigmatic of our senses.The basic principles for recognizing and remembering about 10,000 different odours were not understood.This years Nob

20、el Laureates in Physiology or Medicine have solved this problem and in a series of pioneering studies clarified how our olfactory system works.They discovered a large gene family,comprised of some 1,000 different genes(three per cent of our genes)that give rise to an equivalent number of olfactory r

21、eceptor types.These receptors are located on the olfactory receptor cells,which occupy a small area in the upper part of the nasal epithelium and detect the inhaled odorant molecules.Each olfactory receptor cell possesses only one type of odorant receptor,and each receptor can detect a limited numbe

22、r of odorant substances.Our olfactory receptor cells are therefore highly specialized for a few odours.The cells send thin nerve processes directly to distinct micro domains,glomeruli,in the olfactory bulb,the primary olfactory area of the brain.Receptor cells carrying the same type of receptor send

23、 their nerve processes to the same glomerulus.From these micro domains in the olfactory bulb the information is relayed further to other parts of the brain,精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 4 页，共 14 页文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC

24、8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1

25、L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码

26、:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4

27、HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 Z

28、K1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档

29、编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G

30、4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10where the information from several olfactory receptors is combined,forming a pattern.Therefore,we can consciously experience the smell of a lilac flower in the spring and recall this olfactory memory at other times.Richard Axel,New Y

31、ork,USA,and Linda Buck,Seattle,USA,published the fundamental paper jointly in 1991,in which they described the very large family of about one thousand genes for odorant receptors.Axel and Buck have since worked independent of each other,and they have in several elegant,often parallel,studies clarifi

32、ed the olfactory system,from the molecular level to the organization of the cells.2004 年诺贝尔生理或医学奖新闻稿（发布公告）2004 年 10 月 4 日卡罗琳斯卡研究所的诺贝尔大会于今天已经决定将2004年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖共同授予理查德阿克塞尔和琳达巴克是因为（以表彰）他们在“气味受体和嗅觉系统的组织”的发现摘要1.2 第 1 段汉化（4 分）:长期以来，嗅觉仍是人类感觉中最神秘的。识别和记忆大约1 万种不同气味的基本原理并未被理解。今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者解决了这一问题，并用一系列开创性的

33、研究工作，阐明了我们的嗅觉系统如何工作（的原理）。他们发现了一个庞大的基因家族，它由 1 千种不同的基因组成（占人类基因组数目的百分之三），因而产生相同数量的嗅觉受体类型。这些受体位于嗅觉受体细胞上，它们占据了小面积的鼻上皮上部，并且在此感知吸入的气味分子。精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 5 页，共 14 页文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:

34、CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 H

35、C8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK

36、1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编

37、码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4

38、 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1

39、ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文

40、档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E101.3 第 2 段汉化（5 分）:每个嗅觉受体细胞只拥有一种类型的气味受体，而每种受体可以感知（探测）种数有限的气味物质。因此，我们的嗅觉受体细胞对于一些特定气味则是高度专化的。这些细胞发出细长的神经突起直接到达嗅球的不同微域嗅小球，而嗅球是大脑的初级嗅觉区域。拥有同种受体的受体细胞发出它们的神经突起（即轴突神经）到达同种嗅小球。从嗅球的这些微域中，信息是被进一步传达至大脑的其他部位，在那里来自几种嗅觉受体的信息相结合，从而形成一个嗅觉模式（格局）。因此，我们能够在春天自觉体验丁香花的气味，并在以后时间里回味这些（

41、美好的）嗅觉记忆。1.4 第 3 段汉化（3 分）:来自美国纽约理查德阿克塞尔，和来自美国西雅图的琳达巴克，于 1991年共同发表了那篇奠基性论文，在该文中他们描述（报道）了具有大约1 千种气味受体基因的一个巨大家族。自那以后，Axel（人名可不译，照搬即可）和Buck各自独立开展研究，而且取得了若干漂亮的、往往是平行的研究成果，从分子水平到细胞构成，阐明了嗅觉系统（的结构和原理）2.Kin Recognition（10 分）Many organisms,from sea squirts to primates,can identify their relatives.Understandin

42、g how and why they do so has prompted new thinking about the evolution of social behavior by David W.Pfennig and Paul W.Sherman Kinship is a basic organizing principle of all societies.Humans possess elaborate means by which to identify relatives,such as using surnames and maintaining detailed genea

43、logies.精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 6 页，共 14 页文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码

44、:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4

45、HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 Z

46、K1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档

47、编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G

48、4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1

49、 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10文档编码:CN9P5C8T2G4 HC8N8M4Z7T1 ZK1L9U8I9E10Mechanisms for distinguishing kin also occur throughout the plant and animal kingd

50、oms regardless of an organisms social or mental complexity,in creatures as diverse as wildflowers and wasps.Scientists are beginning to discover that an understanding of the origin and mechanisms of kin recognition offers fresh insights into such diverse topics as how living things choose their mate

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