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1、学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考学习资料糖尿病健康处方一、血糖的监测:血糖正常值:空腹血糖:4.4-6.1mmol/L 餐后 2 小时血糖:4.4-7.8 mmol/L 老年糖尿病患者血糖值一般空腹血糖控制在7mmol/L,餐后 2小时血糖控制在10mmol/L。年轻患者且没有并发症患者尽可能把血糖值控制接近正常值。二、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c):正常值:4-6%,临床意义:反映2-3 个月的血糖平均水平。建议 3 个月复查一次,糖尿病患者一般控制在7%以内三、血压:糖尿病患者血压(mmHg)一般控制在130/80mmHg;老年患者(大于65 岁)一般控制在 140/90mmHg;如有肾病且24
2、小时尿蛋白定量大于1g,则应尽可能将血压控制在125/70mmHg。四、低血糖的表现、处理及预防措施:1.症状:难忍的饥饿感、心慌、出冷汗、手抖、面色苍白、疲乏无力;严重时出现视物模糊、眼前发黑、当血糖进一步降低时,会出现烦躁不安、反应迟钝、意识不清等神经症状。2.处理:立即进食糖水或含糖食物。3.预防:按时按量服药;定时定量进餐;定期血糖监测;随时携带糖类食品;及时咨询专科医生,寻找低血糖原因,避免再次发生类似情况。五、糖尿病饮食注意事项:1、主食类:大米、各种面条、包子、米粉等。其中高粱面、玉米面、燕麦面等含膳食纤维丰富粗粮,吸收慢,使血糖升高缓慢,故提倡粗细搭配,多选粗杂粮;禁食稀饭、米
3、汤、面汤;纯淀粉类食品;油煎炸食品。2、肉蛋类:每天不超过3 两,可选用:瘦猪肉、鸡、鱼、鸭、鹅、牛肉、海产品等。禁食肥肉,动物内脏及狗肉等。3、奶类:纯牛奶、脱脂奶粉。无糖酸奶等奶制品富含钙,有条件最好每天饮用250-500毫升。4、蔬菜类:蔬菜富含无机盐、维生素、膳食纤维,建议每天食用叶菜类不少于1 斤。土豆、山药、芋头、白薯、红薯等含淀粉量高,尽量少吃。如多吃应相应减少主食量。(主食 1 两=山药、白薯、红薯6 两=土豆、芋头 4 两=毛豆、鲜豌豆3 两)5、油脂类:提倡用植物油,减少动物油脂等摄入;尽量少吃或不吃瓜子、花生米、核桃等坚果类食物(大约15 粒花生米或30 粒瓜子或 2 个
4、核桃=10 油脂=半两米)6、水果类:(1)吃水果前提:要血糖达标后即空腹血糖在7mmol/L,餐后 2 小时血糖在 10mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白在7%以内。(2)吃水果总量:每天总量控制在4 两之内,在两餐之间吃。(3)吃水果注意事项:1、4 两水果减 25 克主食,也就是用一份水果与半两主食交换。(4)选择不易使血糖升高的水果,如番茄、黄瓜、柚子、柠檬、桃子等。(5)要少吃容易使血糖升高的水果,如香蕉、柿子、红枣及所有干果类。(6)当血糖控制不满意时,还是暂时不吃水果为好,以黄瓜、西红柿当水果,吃水果时不要和正餐同时吃,可以把水果作为两餐之间的加餐,或者在饥饿和体力活动之后作为能精品w
5、o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页,共 3 页学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考学习资料量的补充。注意不要在餐后立刻吃水果,以免餐后血糖升的过高,加重胰岛负担。(7)戒烟酒:酒类含热量高,长期饮用不易控制血糖,空腹饮酒易引起低血糖。如在无法避免的场合,应尽量不饮用白酒,可选用酒精浓度低的啤酒、果酒等六、糖尿病患者日常护理1.足部护理:(1)温水(40)洗脚,检查皮肤色泽、温度;是否有鸡眼、胼胝;趾甲内陷、水疱或皲裂;趾缝间是否有破溃;如皮肤干燥使用润滑乳液或营养霜。(2)不要赤脚行走和赤脚穿凉鞋、拖鞋;避免使用电热毯、热水袋及加热器烘脚,防止烫伤。(3)选择合适的鞋袜:
6、袜子应吸水性、透气性好,袜腰要松;鞋子要鞋尖宽大,鞋面透气性好、平跟厚鞋。(4)腿部保健操:可促进下肢血液循环,预防糖尿病足。每周五下午3:00 在健教室进行腿部保健操示范。2.选择合适的运动方式:如散步、慢跑、跳舞等,提倡餐后1-2 小时进行运动。七、胰岛素注射注意事项:1.胰岛素的储存方式:(1)未开封使用的胰岛素:应在冰箱的冷藏室内(温度在28)储存,注意不能放在冷冻室内,在有效期内使用。(2)已开启的胰岛素:储存时间不要超过 30 天,尽可能放在温度2 8储存。但在注射前先放在室温内让胰岛素复温,也可以放在室温条件下。(3)长途旅行:应随身携带而不要放在旅行袋等行李中,更不能放在托运的
7、行李中。2.胰岛素注射部位:餐时胰岛素首选腹部、其次上臂外侧、大腿外侧、臀部。睡前注射首选上臂外侧、大腿外侧、臀部。注射部位应轮流更换。3.注射针头建议一次性使用八、糖尿病健康教育知识学习:每周一至周五下午3:00(内科楼十楼健教室)每月第一个星期五7:00 11:00(门诊楼 11 楼)九、出院注意事项:1.按时按量服药,定时定量进餐。2.坚持做好血糖监测日记,保管好病历本。3.出院后半个月或一个月复诊。复诊带好病历本及血糖监测日记。4.相关监测项目的监测时间、频率血糖:每周查不同时间点血糖肾病患者:尿微量蛋白每3 个月检查一次糖化血红蛋白:每3 个月检查一次血压高的患者:每次就诊复查血压血
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20、文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z
21、5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5文档编码:CW4N8S5X1I10 HQ2P10R7B7Y5 ZF1U10T1V9Z5
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