2022年2016高考化学一轮复习教案第1章第1节《钠及其化合物》( .pdf

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1、第一章金属及其化合物循着图示 想一想 特色特性 记一记 1特殊的颜色：Na2O2 淡黄色固体2特殊的存放：Na、K 保存在煤油中，Li 保存在石蜡中3特殊的用途：钠钾合金 原子反应堆的导热剂4必记五反应：(1)2Na2H2O=2NaOH H2(2)2Na2O22H2O=4NaOH O2(3)2Na2O22CO2=2Na2CO3O2(4)Na2CO32HCl=2NaCl H2OCO2(5)Na2CO3H2OCO2=2NaHCO3考点一|活泼的金属单质 钠教材知识层面 1钠的原子结构第一节钠及其化合物1.了解钠的主要性质及其应用。2.了解钠的重要化合物的主要性质及其应用。钠位于元素周期表中第三周期

2、A 族，原子结构示意图：，最外层只有1 个电子，在化学反应中易失去最外层电子而呈现1 价，因而钠在化学反应中表现出较强的还原性。2钠的性质(1)物理性质：颜色熔点硬度密度导电导热性银白色低小比水的小比煤油的大良好(2)化学性质：与非金属单质(如 O2、Cl2)的反应与 O2反应常温下：化学方程式为4NaO2常温 2Na2O点燃时：化学方程式为2NaO2点燃 Na2O2与水的反应：a化学方程式：2Na2H2O=2NaOH H2。b与滴加酚酞的水反应的现象与解释：3钠的制备、保存与用途(1)制备：电解熔融氯化钠，化学方程式为2NaCl 电解,2Na Cl2。(2)保存：密封保存，通常保存在石蜡油或

3、煤油中。(3)用途：钠钾合金(液态)可用于原子反应堆的导热剂；作强还原剂，将某些稀有金属从它们的卤化物中还原出来，如4NaTiCl4=熔融Ti4NaCl；用作电光源，制作高压钠灯。高考考查层面 命题点 1钠与盐溶液的反应文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A

4、7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5

5、U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10

6、U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L

7、6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8

8、B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F

9、10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3文档编码:CY2F10U7T2W7 HJ6X1L6A7I9 ZG2T5H8B5U3(1)钠投入到NaCl 溶液中，只有氢气放出

10、。2Na 2H2O=2NaOH H2。(2)钠投入到CuSO4溶液中，产生蓝色沉淀。2Na 2H2OCuSO4=Cu(OH)2 Na2SO4 H2。(3)钠投入到铵盐(如 NH4Cl)溶液中，有H2和 NH3逸出。2Na 2H2O=2NaOH H2，NH4ClNaOH=NaCl NH3 H2O。典题示例 金属钠分别与下列溶液反应时，既有沉淀析出，又有气体逸出的是()ABaCl2溶液BK2SO4溶液CCuSO4溶液DNH4NO3溶液解析：选 C因为是溶液中的反应，所以都有H2产生，NH4NO3溶液还产生NH3，CuSO4溶液还产生Cu(OH)2沉淀。命题点 2焰色反应(1)概念：很多金属或它们的

11、化合物在灼烧时都会使火焰呈现特殊颜色的现象。属于元素的物理性质。(2)操作步骤：铂丝酒精灯灼烧无色蘸取待测物 酒精灯灼烧观察火焰颜色 用盐酸洗涤铂丝酒精灯灼烧无色。(3)常见元素焰色反应的颜色：钠元素：黄色；钾元素：紫色(透过蓝色钴玻璃观察)。典题示例 用光洁的铂丝蘸取某无色溶液在无色火焰上灼烧，直接观察到火焰呈黄色，下列各判断文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P

12、8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B

13、3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P

14、8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B

15、3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P

16、8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B

17、3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7正确的是()A只含有 NaB一

18、定含有Na，可能含有KC既含有 Na，又含有KD可能含有Na，可能还含有K解析：选 BNa 元素的焰色为黄色，而K 元素的焰色为紫色，而且黄色会干扰紫色，所以不能判断是否含有K 元素。考点达标层面 1判断下列描述的正误(正确的打“”，错误的打“”)。(1)(2014北京高考)将钠块放入水中，产生气体的方程式为2Na 2H2O=2NaOH H2。()(2)(2014北京高考)钠表面自然形成的氧化层能够保护内层金属不被空气氧化。()(3)(2013全国卷)钠与 CuSO4溶液的反应：2NaCu2=Cu 2Na。()(4)(2013广东高考)1 mol Na 被完全氧化生成Na2O2，失去 2NA个

19、电子。()(5)钠与足量O2反应生成Na2O，随着温度的升高，生成Na2O 的速率逐渐加快。()(6)焰色反应是大多数金属元素的性质，属于化学变化。()(7)金属钠可以保存在CCl4中。()(8)钠、钾着火后，用水或泡沫灭火器可迅速灭火。()答案：(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)2(2015 郑州模拟)取一小块金属钠，放在燃烧匙里加热，下列现象描述正确的是()金属先熔化在空气中燃烧，放出黄色火花燃烧后得白色固体燃烧时火焰为黄色燃烧后生成淡黄色固体物质ABCD答案：C 考点二|钠的氧化物 氧化钠和过氧化钠教材知识层面 物质氧化钠(Na2O)过氧化钠(Na2O2)颜色状态白色固体淡

20、黄色固体类别碱性氧化物过氧化物氧元素化合价2 1 文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B

21、3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P

22、8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B

23、3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P

24、8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B

25、3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P

26、8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7化学键类型只有离子键有离子键和共价键电子式NaO2NaNaOO2Na与水反应Na2O H2O=2NaOH 2Na2O22H2O=4NaOH O2与 CO2反应Na2OCO2=Na2CO32Na2O22CO2=2Na2CO3O2与盐酸反应Na2O2HCl=2NaCl H2O 2Na2O24HCl=4NaCl 2

27、H2OO2主要用途可制烧碱漂白剂、消毒剂、供氧剂保存密封密封、远离易燃物高考考查层面 命题点 1过氧化钠的强氧化性1从元素化合价角度分析Na2O2的性质2强氧化性的五个表现典题示例 1在溶液中加入足量的Na2O2后仍能大量共存的离子组是()ANa、Fe2、Cl、SO24BK、AlO2、Cl、SO24CCa2、Mg2、NO3、HCO3DNa、Cl、CO23、SO23解析：选 BNa2O2具有强氧化性，能将 Fe2氧化成 Fe3，能将 SO23氧化成 SO24，A、D 两项不能共存；Na2O2与水反应生成NaOH，C 项中的 Mg2、HCO3与 OH不能大量共存。2下列关于Na2O2的说法正确的是

28、()ANa2O2与 SO2反应生成Na2SO3和 O2BNa2O2投入到酚酞溶液中，溶液变红CNa2O2能与酸反应生成盐和水，所以Na2O2是碱性氧化物DNa2O2与水反应，Na2O2既是氧化剂，又是还原剂文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J

29、3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8

30、HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J

31、3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8

32、HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J

33、3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8

34、HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7解析：选 DNa2O2具有强氧化性，与SO2反应生成Na2SO4而不是 Na2SO3，A 错误；Na2O2投入到酚酞溶液中，溶液先变红后褪色，B 错误；N

35、a2O2不属于碱性氧化物而属于过氧化物，C 错误。命题点 2Na2O2与水、CO2反应的四个重要关系1物质的量的关系无论是 CO2或 H2O(g)的单一物质还是二者的混合物，与足量的Na2O2反应时，消耗 CO2或 H2O(g)与放出 O2的物质的量之比均为2 1，即气体减小的体积等于生成的O2的体积。2固体质量关系2COO2=点燃2CO22Na2O22CO2=2Na2CO3O2得，Na2O2CO=Na2CO3(虚拟的反应)即 CO 可被 Na2O2完全吸收，固体增重即为CO 的质量。2H2O2=点燃2H2O2Na2O22H2O=4NaOH O2得，Na2O2H2=2NaOH(虚拟的反应)即

36、H2可被 Na2O2完全吸收，固体增重即为H2的质量。结论：凡分子组成符合(CO)m(H2)n的物质，m g 该物质在O2中完全燃烧，将其产物(CO2和水蒸气)通过足量Na2O2后，固体增重必为m g。或者是由C、H、O 三种元素组成的物质，只要 C、O 原子个数比为11，即可满足上述条件。中学阶段常见的符合这一关系的物质有：(1)无机物：H2、CO 及 H2和 CO 的混合气体；(2)有机物：CH3OH(甲醇)、HCHO(甲醛)、CH3COOH(乙酸)、C6H12O6(葡萄糖)等。3先后顺序关系一定量的Na2O2与一定量CO2和 H2O(g)的混合物反应，解决问题时可视作Na2O2先与CO2

37、反应，待CO2反应完成后，Na2O2再与 H2O(g)发生反应(实际情况复杂得多)。4电子转移关系不论是与CO2还是与 H2O(g)反应，CO2与 H2O(g)均既不是氧化剂也不是还原剂，反应的实质都是Na2O2自身发生的氧化还原反应，所以每有1 mol O2生成时，转移的电子均为2 mol。文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J

38、8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X

39、4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J

40、8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X

41、4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J

42、8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X

43、4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7典题示例 1200 时，11.6 g CO2和水蒸气的混合气体与足

44、量的Na2O2充分反应后固体质量增加了 3.6 g，则原混合气体的总物质的量是()A0.125 molB0.25 mol C0.5 mol D1 mol 解析：选 C根据质量守恒定律可知，生成O2的质量为11.6 g3.6 g8 g，n(O2)8 g32 g mol10.25 mol，根据 Na2O2与 H2O(g)、CO2反应的物质的量的关系可知CO2和 H2O(g)的物质的量之和为 0.25 mol20.5 mol。2取 a g 某物质在O2中完全燃烧，将生成物与足量Na2O2固体完全反应，反应后，固体质量恰好也增加了a g，下列物质不能满足上述结果的是()AH2BCO CC6H12O6D

45、 C12H22O11解析：选 D由反应2Na2O22H2O=4NaOH O2和 2Na2O22CO2=2Na2CO3O2知每摩尔Na2O2与 H2O、CO2分别完全反应时，相当于吸收了2 g H2、28 g CO。凡分子组成符合(CO)m(H2)n的可燃物a g，在 O2中完全燃烧，将生成的水和CO2通过足量的Na2O2固体后，固体增重也是a g，或者可以总结为由C、H、O 三种元素组成的物质，只要C、O原子个数比为11，即可满足题目要求。考点达标层面 1判断下列描述的正误(正确的打“”，错误的打“”)。(1)(2014山东高考)Na2O2与水反应是水作还原剂的氧化还原反应。()(2)(201

46、4江苏高考)过氧化钠的电子式为NaO O Na。()(3)(2014江苏高考)在过氧化钠与水的反应中，每生成0.1 mol 氧气，转移电子的数目为0.4NA。()(4)(2014大纲卷)1 mol Na2O2固体中含离子总数为4NA。()(5)(2014全国卷 )二氧化碳通过Na2O2粉末，反应后固体物质增重。()(6)(2013江苏高考)Na2O2溶于水产生O2的离子方程式为：Na2O2H2O=2Na2OHO2。()答案：(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)2为了使宇航员在飞船中得到一个稳定的、良好的生存环境，一般在飞船内安装盛有文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT

47、1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N

48、3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT

49、1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N

50、3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT1J8B3J3L7文档编码:CS3E6N3X4P8 HM6P5M9W5K9 ZT