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1、苹果品质低原因分析及问题对策论文苹果品质低原因分析及问题对策论文*地区是我国苹果的主要生区之一,苹果产业在区域经济发展和农民增收中起到重要作用。与世界苹果先进生产国家相比,*地区的苹果生产还存在很大的差距,主要表现为单位面积产量低、果品质量差、在国际鲜果市场上的占有份额少。特别是生产成本增加,效益下降压力大。最近几年,人工、物资和运输价格不断上涨,对果农增收和生产投入造成了影响。据调查,20*年苹果每亩成本比上年增加一倍,加之价格下跌,每亩纯收入分别减少600元和 1500 元左右,严重挫伤了果农的生产积极性。而造成这种差距的根本原因是我国苹果栽培制度和技术模式落后,致使大多数果园密闭、光照不
2、良、产量低、果品质量差。1、苹果品质低下的原因造成苹果质量差的原因很多,主要是(1)砧穗组合不佳,品种结构不合理;(2)缺肥少水,生育不良;(3)树形选配不适,通风透光不良;(4)花果管理不到位;(5)自然灾害普遍。1、1 砧穗组合不佳,品种结构不合理苹果采用家苹果籽、怀来海棠、新疆野苹果等乔化砧栽植的面积最大;矮化栽植的 面积比较小;晚熟品种偏多,中早熟品种缺少,价格品种发展缓慢。1、2 缺肥少水,生长不良精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页,共 4 页多数果园肥种单一,施肥量少,施期偏晚,园地清耕,土壤瘠薄,缺素症比较普遍;加之降水不匀,缺少灌溉条件等,
3、使树体生长发育普遍不良。1、3 树形选配不适,通风透光不良因栽植密度大,树形选配不适,造成树冠过高、过大,行间接头,株间交叠,主次不分,层次不清,导致果园通风透光普遍不良。1、4 花果管理不到位因授粉树缺少,且分布不匀或选配不合适;疏花疏果不规范、不严格,增色增糖和改善风味措施应用不到位;采收时期不适,采收方法不科学,采后未及时预冷处理。1、5 自然灾害普遍苹果主要产区的*干旱、冻害、冰雹、连阴雨等灾害天气易发生,影响较大。2、苹果提质增效配套技术及对策2、1 适地适种适栽围绕优势农产品区域规划,新发展的苹果园要求:(1)根据市场定位和消费趋向与主栽品种对生态环境的要求,在最佳适宜区的川塬结合
4、部和塬区建园。(2)根据果园立地条件,选用符合国家苹果苗木标准的良种壮苗。(3)根据砧木、品种特性和优质果品生产要求确定适宜的栽植密度与方式。(4)采用“矮砧集约高效栽培”模式。2、2 加强土肥水管理以提高土壤肥力为中心,采取改土、滴灌、喷灌等措施,着力抓好:精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 2 页,共 4 页文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档
5、编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6
6、J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F1
7、0K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC
8、8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z
9、9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 Z
10、X9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5
11、C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3(1)幼树坚持逐年分期深翻熟化土壤。(2)降氮降磷增钾增有机肥,科学测土培肥,推广种植绿肥、杂草覆盖和建沼气池。(3)推广沟灌、滴灌、喷灌技术,干旱地区推广“穴贮肥水”和旱作栽培等技术,提高有限的利用率。2、3 改善树冠光照条件一是依据品种、密度采用相应树形;二是培养良好的树体结构,提高树冠透光率;三是控制亩留枝量,优化枝类组成。2、4 推行定量生产、苹果管理一是及时听收天气预报,做好防霜工作;二是配好授粉树,推广蜜蜂、
12、壁蜂授粉和人工授粉技术;三是推广花期喷糖、喷硼为主的营养液技术;四是推广早疏花、早定果技术,按枝果比和果间距留好顶芽果、壮枝果、单果和易下垂果。2、5 普及果实着色技术一是选用符合标准的育果纸袋;二是推广摘叶转果、铺反光膜技术;三是应用秋剪增光技术。2、6 推广适期分批采收一是根据品种的生育期和市场需求适期采收;二是按照果实生长部位和成熟度分批采收;三是做到边采收、边分级,避免受伤污染。四是短期预冷,及时入库。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 3 页,共 4 页文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J
13、9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10
14、K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8
15、T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9
16、T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX
17、9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C
18、7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编
19、码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B32、7 加强主要病虫害的综合防治一是重视病虫害预测预报;二是农业综合措施落实到位;三是积极应用生物、物理、机械措施防治;四是按照无公害、绿色食品标准和市场准入要求合理控制使用化学药剂防治,使用翠生和炳环唑,压低病虫害指数。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整
20、理-欢迎下载-第 4 页,共 4 页文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10
21、 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7
22、W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3
23、文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:C
24、D6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4
25、F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3文档编码:CD6J9N4F10K9 HC8T9J8Z9T10 ZX9V7W5C7B3
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