2022年2022年高考生物选修一选修三知识点归纳 .pdf

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1、选修一 生物技术实践一、传统发酵技术的应用.,1、果酒制作原理：酵母菌是兼性厌氧微生物。在缺氧、呈酸性发酵液中，酵母菌可以生长繁殖，而绝大多数其他微生物生长受抑制。酵母菌在无氧条件下进行酒精发酵：C6H12O62C2H5OH 2CO2少量能量2、果醋制作原理：当氧气、糖源都充足时，醋酸菌 将葡萄汁中的糖分解成醋酸；当缺少糖源时，醋酸菌将乙醇变为乙醛，再将乙醛变为醋酸。3、腐乳制作原理：多种微生物参与了豆腐的发酵，其中起主要作用的是毛霉。毛霉是一种丝状真菌。代谢类型是异养需氧型。毛霉等微生物产生的蛋白酶能将豆腐中的蛋白质分解成小分子的肽和氨基酸；脂肪酶可将脂肪水解为甘油和脂肪酸。在多种微生物的协

2、同作用下，普通的豆腐转变成风味独特的腐乳。4、泡菜制作原理：制作泡菜所用微生物是 乳酸菌，其代谢类型是异养厌氧型。在无氧条件下，将葡萄糖分解为乳酸。二、微生物的培养和应用（一）微生物的培养与利用1.微生物的培养和分离技术1）微生物生长需要一般都含有水、碳源、氮源、无机盐2）培养基的制作合格与否通过未接种的培养基表面是否有菌落生长来验证3）常用的无菌技术有 1、对实验操作的空间、操作者的衣着和手进行清洁和消毒。2、将用于微生物培养的器皿、接种用具和培养基等进行灭菌。3、为避免周围环境中的微生物的污染，实验操作应在酒精灯火焰附近进行。4、实验操作时应避免已经灭菌处理的材料用具与周围物品相接触。考点

3、细化：灭菌是指使用 强烈的 理化因素杀死物体内外所有的微生物，包括芽孢和孢子。消毒是指用较为 温和的 理化方法仅杀死物体表面或内部一部分对人体有害的微生物，不包括芽孢、孢子。灭菌的方法有 灼烧灭菌、干热灭菌、高压蒸汽灭菌，灼烧灭菌用于接种用的金属工具；干热灭菌用于能耐高温的，需要保持干燥的玻璃器皿等；高压蒸汽灭菌用于培养基等.消毒的方法有煮沸消毒法，用于液体消毒；巴氏消毒法，用于不耐高温的液体；化学药剂或紫外线消毒，用于物体表面的消毒。4）微生物的纯培养指的是防止外来杂菌入侵。5）配制固体培养基的步骤：计算、称量、溶化、灭菌、倒平板6）微生物接种的方法最常用的是平板划线法和稀释涂布平板法。平板

4、划线法用于 细菌的纯化培养，是通过接种环在琼脂固体9 培养基表面连续划线的操作。将聚集的菌种逐步稀释分散到培养基的表面。在数次划线后培养，可以分离到由一个细胞繁殖而来的肉眼可见的子细胞群体，这就是纯化的菌落。稀释涂布平板法用于 细菌的计数，是将菌液进行一系列的梯度稀释，然后将不同稀释度的菌液分别涂布到琼文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 H

5、R6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6

6、HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6

7、 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N

8、6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1

9、N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H

10、1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6

11、H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3脂固体培养基的表面，进行培养。分为系列稀释操作和涂布平板操作两步。考点细化：平板冷凝后，要是有水滴滴到培养基上，会导致菌蔓延，这样就不能计数，分离了。为防止冷凝水滴到培养基上，所以培养时平板一定要倒置。接种操作每次划线之前都要灼烧接种环，是因为每次操作都要及时灭菌，以防污染杂菌。操作结束时，仍然需要灼烧接种环的原因是防止杂菌污染环境。2.特定微生物的数量的测定6）测

12、定微生物数量的方法有显微镜直接计数、统计菌落数目。3.培养基对微生物的选择作用7）在微生物学中，将允许特定种类的微生物生长，同时抑制或阻止其他种类微生物生长的培养基，称做选择培养基。例如：在选择培养基的配方中，将尿素作为培养基中 唯一的氮源，原则上只有能够利用尿素的微生物才能够生长。考点细化：选择培养基配置的原理是增加或减去某种成分，使要选择的微生物能生长，其它微生物不能生长。培养基中加入 青霉素 可以分离出酵母菌和霉菌培养基中 不加氮源 可以分离出固氮微生物三、多聚酶链式反应扩增DNA 片段文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX1

13、0Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX

14、10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:C

15、X10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:

16、CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码

17、:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编

18、码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档

19、编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G31PCR：多聚酶链式反应的简称，是一种体外迅速扩增DNA 片段的技术，它能以极少量的DNA 为模板，在几小时内复制出上百万份的 DNA 拷贝。2扩增方向：总是从子链的 5端向

20、 3端延伸。3需要引物的原因：DNA 聚合酶不能从头合成DNA，而只能从引物 3端延伸 DNA 链，因此 DNA 复制需要引物。4原理：热变性原理，5条件：DNA 模板，分别与两条模板链相结合的两种引物，脱氧核苷酸，耐热的 Taq DNA 聚合酶，同时控制 温度。6过程：变性（高温 94）、复性（低温 55）、延伸（中温 72）7结果：DNA 聚合酶只能特异地复制处于两引物之间的DNA 序列，使这段固定长度的序列呈指数扩增。四、血红蛋白的分离1、实验原理：利用蛋白质各种特性的差异，如分子的形状和大小、所带电荷的性质和多少、溶解度、吸附性质和对其他分子的亲和力，分离不同种类的蛋白质。2、凝胶色谱

21、法原理：根据相对分子质量的大小 分离蛋白质的有效方法。相对分子质量小的分子要穿过多孔凝胶颗粒的内部通道，路程长，流动慢；相对分子质量大的分子直接通过凝胶颗粒的间隙，路程短，流动快。因此，最先流出的是相对分子质量大的蛋白质。文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6

22、 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N

23、6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1

24、N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H

25、1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6

26、H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V

27、6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1

28、V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3选修三 现代生物科技一、基因工程1.基因工程的诞生1）基因工程：按照人们的意愿，进行严格的设计，并通过体外 DNA 重组和转基因等技术，从而创造出更符合人们需要的新的生物类型和生物产品。2）基因工程诞生的理论基础是在生物化学、分子生物学和微生物学科的基础上发展起来，技术支持有基因转移载体的发现、工具酶的发现，DNA 合成和测序仪技术的发明等。2.基因工程的原理及技术3）基因工程操作中用到了限制酶、DNA 连接酶、运载体考点细化：限制酶主要从原核生

29、物生物中分离纯化出来，这种酶在原核生物中的作用是 识别 DNA 分子的特定核苷酸序列，并且使每条链中 特定部位的两个核苷酸之间的 磷酸二酯键 断开。限制酶的特性是识别特定核苷酸序列，切割特定切点。限制酶产生的末端有两种：粘性末端和平末端。DNA 连接酶与 DNA 聚合酶的作用部位是 磷酸二酯键，二者在作用上的区别为前者是恢复被限制性内切酶切开的两个片段末端核苷酸之间的磷酸二酯键，后者单个的核苷酸 连接到 DNA 分子上。文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档

30、编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文

31、档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3

32、文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G

33、3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10

34、G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E1

35、0G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E

36、10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3 作为基因工程的载体应该具备标记基因、多个限制性内切酶切点、能够在宿主细胞内复制和稳定存在等特点。常见的载体种类有 质粒、动植物病毒、噬菌体4）基因工程四步骤：目的基因的获取、基因表达载体的构建、将目的基因导入受体细胞、目的基因的检测和表达。考点细

37、化：目的基因的获取方法为根据基因的核苷酸序列、基因的功能、基因在载体上的位置、基因的转录产物、以及基因的表达产物蛋白质等特性来获取目的基因。基因文库、基因组文库、cDNA 文库的区别：含有某种生物不同基因的许多 DNA 片段，导入受体菌的群体中储存，各个受体菌体分别含有这种生物的不同基因，称之为基因文库。如果含有一种生物所有基因，叫做基因组文库。只包含一种生物的一部分基因，这种基因文库叫做部分基因文库，如 cDNA 文库。基因重组操作中构建基因表达载体的目的是将目的基因在受体细胞中稳定存在，并且遗传给下一代，同时目的基因能够表达和发挥作用。一个完整的基因表达载体包括：目的基因、启动子、终止子、

38、标记基因、复制原点。将目的基因导入植物细胞、动物细胞和微生物细胞的常用方法分别是农杆菌转化法、显微注射法、Ca2+处理法。基因工程的受体细胞选择，植物可以采用体细胞，动物不能用体文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E

39、10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10

40、E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S1

41、0E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S

42、10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9

43、S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W

44、9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4

45、W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3细胞，一般采用受精卵细胞。因为受精卵具有全能性。当受体细胞是大肠杆菌时常用Ca2+处理细胞，这样做的目的是使细胞处于一种能够吸收周围环境中的DNA 分子的感受态细胞。目的基因的检测：在分子水平上，利用放射性同位素等标记的含目的基因的 DNA 片段作为 探针，检测转基因生物的 DNA 是否插入了目的基因（DNA 分子杂交技术）；同样用标记的目的基因作 探针 是否转录出了 mRNA（分子杂交技术）；目的基因是否翻译成蛋白质（抗原-抗体杂交）；个体生物学水平鉴定（接种实验）。目的基因的获取、基因

46、表达载体的构建、目的基因的检测和表达一般需要碱基互补配对。将目的基因导入受体细胞 不需要碱基互补配对3.基因工程的应用5）在农业生产上：主要用于提高农作物的抗逆能力（如：抗除草剂、抗虫、抗病、抗干旱和抗盐碱等），以及改良农作物的品质和利用植物生产药物等方面。6）基因治疗不是对患病基因的修复，基因检测所用的 DNA 分子只有处理为单链才能与被检测的样品，按碱基配对原则进行杂交。二、克隆技术1.植物的组织培养细胞全能性：具有某种生物全部遗传信息的任何一个细胞，都具有发育成完整生物体的潜能。文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V

47、6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1

48、V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z

49、1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10

50、Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX10Z1V6H1N6 HR6N6B2S5V2 ZX4W9S10E10G3文档编码:CX1