2022年2022年高考物理三轮冲刺必背知识点归纳总结与汇编：专题必背08直流电路与交流电 .pdf

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1、专题必背 08 直流电路与交流电【必背知识点】一、直流电路1电功和电热电功 WqUUIt；电热 QI2Rt.(1)对纯电阻电路，电功等于电热，即电流流经纯电阻电路，消耗的电能全部转化为内能，所以WQUItI 2RtU2Rt.(2)对非纯电阻电路(如电动机和电解槽)，电能一部分转化为内能，另一部分转化为其他形式的能(如机械能或化学能等)，所以电功必然大于电热，即 WQ，这时电功只能用 WUIt 计算，电热只能用QI 2Rt 计算，两式不能通用2闭合电路欧姆定律表达形式：EU外U内；IERr(I、R间关系)；UEIr(U、I 间关系)；URRrE(U、R间关系)注意：当外电路断开时(I0)，路端电

2、压 U 等于电动势 E.若用理想电压表测量，则读数等于电动势，在进行断路故障分析时，常用此结论进行判断，即何处断路，何处两端电压等于电动势但用电压表直接测量时，读数却略小于电动势(因为有微弱电流流过电源而产生内压降)当外电路短路时(R0，因而 U外0)，电流最大，为 ImEr(不允许出现这种情况，因为这会把电源烧坏)3电源的功率与效率(1)电源的功率 P：也称电源的总功率，是电源将其他形式的能转化为电能的功率，计算式为：PIE(普遍适用)；PE2RrI2(Rr)(只适用于外电路为纯电阻的电路)(2)电源内阻消耗功率P内：是电源内阻的热功率，也称电源的损耗功率，计算式为：P内I2r.(3)电源的

3、输出功率P外：是外电路上消耗的功率，计算式为：P外IU外(普遍适用)；P外I2RE2RRr2(只适用于外电路为纯电阻的电路)(4)电源的效率：P外PUIEIUERRr.(5)电源的输出功率(P外)与外电阻 R的关系：P外RE2Rr2E2Rr2R4r.P外与 R的关系图象如图 4111 所示由图可以看出：文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3

4、 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2

5、K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3

6、 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2

7、K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3

8、 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2

9、K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6图 4111当 Rr 时，电源的输出功率最大，PmE24

10、r，此时电源效率 50%.当 Rr 时，随着 R的增大输出功率越来越小当 Rr 时，随着 R的增大输出功率越来越大当 R由小于 r 增大到大于 r 时，随着 R的增大输出功率先增大后减小(非单调变化)4含容电路的分析技巧电容器两极板间的电压等于与电容器并联的电阻两端的电压，与电容器串联的电阻两端的电压一定为零(有阻无流，则无电压)二、直流电路动态分析1引起电路特征发生变化的主要原因有：滑动变阻器滑片滑动，使电路的电阻发生变化；开关的闭合、断开或换向(双掷开关)使电路结构发生变化；电路发生短路和断路(电路故障)2电路动态变化问题的分析思路当电路中某处的电阻发生变化时，先由局部电阻的变化推出外文档

11、编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8

12、S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档

13、编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8

14、S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档

15、编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8

16、S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档

17、编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6电路电阻 R外的变化，再由闭合电路的欧姆定律I总ER外r和 U端EI总r 讨论干路电流 I总的变化和路端电压U端的变化，最后分析对其他部分电路产生的影响，从而分别确定各元件上其他量的变化情况(使用的公式是部分电路欧姆定律、电路中各元件上的电压关系和电流关系等)注意：电路的总电阻总是随其中任一电阻的增大而增大，随任一电阻的减小而减小；电阻并联的数目越多，总阻值越小

18、；从电路分析角度看，断路可认为是电路中某处电阻增大到无穷大，短路可认为是电路某处电阻减小到零，因此电路故障问题可以视为特殊的动态分析问题；对电路进行简化时，电压表和电容器视为断路，电流表视为短路；电容器是一个储存电能的元件，在直流电路中，当电容器充、放电时，其所在电路中有充、放电电流，电路达到稳定状态时，电容器就相当于一个阻值无穷大的电阻，则电容器所在电路处可视为断路分析计算含有电容器的直流电路时应注意：电路稳定后，由于电容器所在支路无电流通过，在此支路的电阻没有电压降，因此电容器两极间的电压就等于该支路两端的电压电路中的电流、电压变化时，将会引起电容器充(放)电三、与电功、电功率、电热相关问

19、题的综合分析明晰电功、电功率、电热的概念与相互关系文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K

20、4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R

21、8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K

22、4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R

23、8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K

24、4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R

25、8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6电功 W电热 Q电功率 P物理意义电流通过电路做的功，即使电荷定向移动时电场力做的功电流通过导体所做的功，电阻上所产生的热量表征电流做功快慢的物理量，用电流所做的功与所用时间的比值来表示能量转化消耗的电能转化为其他形式的能量(内能、机械能、化学能等)消耗的电能转化为内能说明：纯电阻电路中，电功率等于热功率；非

26、纯电阻电路中，电功率只有一部分转化成热功率纯电阻电路中只有电阻元件，如电熨斗、电炉、白炽灯等；非纯电阻电路中常含有电动机、电解槽等四、含容电路问题的综合分析电容器是一个储存电能的元件.在直流电路中,当电容器充放电时,电路里有充放电电流.一旦电路达到稳定状态,电容器在电路中就相当于一个阻值无限大的元件,电容器所处电路看做是断路,简化电路时可去掉它.简化后若要求电容器所带电荷量时,可在相应的位置补上.文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7

27、P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6

28、文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7

29、P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6

30、文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7

31、P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6

32、文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7

33、P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6在具体方法上要注意以下几点:(1)根据 Q=CU?Q=C U 可知,要求电容器所带电荷量以及充放电时所带电荷量的变化,关键是求电容器两端的电压.(2)在电路分析时要注意电容器所在支路的连接情况.电路稳定后,由于电容器所在支路无电流通过,所以此支路中的电阻上无电压降,可以把与电容器串联的电阻看成导线,电容器两极板间的电压就等于该支路两端的电压.(3)对于较复杂的电路,经常需要将电容器两端的电势与基准点的电势进行比较后才能确定电容器两端的电压.五、U-I 图像的意义复习时注意电源的伏安特性曲线反映的是电源自身的性质,具有丰富的内涵(如图所示):1.图线与纵轴

34、的截距表示电源的电动势;2.与横轴的截距表示短路电流;3.斜率的绝对值表示电源内阻;4.图线上任意一点所对应的电压和电流的比值(或者说任意一点与坐标原点O 连线的斜率)表示接在外电路的电阻;5.阴影部分面积表示电流为I 时,外电路电阻两端的输出功率,四边形 AEOI的面积表示电源的总功率。导体的伏安特性曲线反映导体的性质.如果是遵循欧姆定律的文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2

35、K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3

36、 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2

37、K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3

38、 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2

39、K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3

40、 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6线性元件,这是一

41、条直线,电阻恒定不变(如图中直线 b 所示);如果是不遵循欧姆定律的非线性元件,如气体?半导体等,就是一条曲线.电阻不断变化,其曲线上每一点对应的电压与电流的比值就是此时导体的电阻(或说成此点与坐标原点连线的斜率表示此时导体的电阻).六、直流电路的图象问题1三种图象的比较图象物理意义注意问题反映 I 跟 U 的正比关系图象的斜率表示导体的电阻，斜率越大，电阻越大反映导体的伏安特性，图象是直线表示导体为线性元件，是曲线表示导体为非线性元件线性元件图象斜率的倒数为导体的电阻文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S

42、9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编

43、码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S

44、9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编

45、码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S

46、9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编

47、码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S

48、9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6表示电源的输出特性，纵轴截距为电源电动势，横轴截距为短路电流图象斜率的绝对值表示电源的内阻(注意纵坐标数值在坐标原点是否从零值开始)2方法技巧在某段电路的 UI图象中，图上任意一点的U 与 I 所对应的矩形面积，就是该段电路消耗的功率，如果是电源的UI 图象，则图上任意一点的 U 与 I所对应的矩形面积，就是电源的输出功率，通过图象的面积变化，可以分析功率的变化情况。解决图象问题应注意(1)明确图象的研究对象。根据题目反映的物理规律确定各物理量之间的关系。(2)识别图象中横坐标、纵

49、坐标所代表的物理量及物理意义，明确图象的截距、斜率、图象交点、峰值、“面积”等的物理意义。(3)对图象进行分析、比较、判断，找出规律得出结论。七?交变电流的产生和变化规律1.交变电流(1)定义:大小和方向都随时间做周期性变化的电流叫做交变电流.(2)特例:随时间按正弦规律变化的电流叫做正弦式电流,正弦式电流的图像是正弦曲线,我国城镇使用的交变电流都是正弦式电流.文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1

50、L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 HS7P8S9P8W3 ZY9E7K4I1L6文档编码:CV2K5X6L1R8 H