2022年2022高中化学3.1《从铝土矿到铝合金》规律总结苏教版必修1 .pdf
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1、规律总结规律一:氢氧化铝的两性氢氧化铝的两性一直是高考热点之一,其原因在于它的典型性,相关的反应可用下式表示:A1O2A(OH)3A3由于氢氧化铝既可溶于强碱又可溶于强酸,所以制备氢氧化铝宜采用以下途径:铝盐与氨水的反应:A33NH3H2OA(OH)3 3NH4偏铝酸盐与碳酸的反应:AO2CO22H2OA(OH)3 NaHCO3 A3与 AO2在溶液中的双水解反应:A33AO2 6H2O4A(OH)3规律二:A与 NaOH溶液反应的电子转移表示方法A与 NaOH溶液反应,首先是A与水电离出的H发生氧化还原反应:生成的 A(OH)3随即与 NaOH发生复分解反应:A(OH)3NaOHNaAO22
2、H2O 以上反应综合起来可表示为在反应中只有水电离出的H能接受 A给出的电子,NaOH 及水电离的OH本身带负电不能接受电子,若不需表示电子转移,则只需写成:2A2H2O 2NaOHNaAO23H2规律三:氢氧化铝沉淀的图象分析氢氧化铝沉淀图象大致可分为以下8 类 主要围绕A1(OH)3沉淀的生成和溶解展开研究:向 AC3溶液中滴加NaOH 溶液直至过量(图34):AB AC33NaOHA(OH)3 3NaC BC NaOH A(OH)3NaAO22H2O 图 34 向盐酸酸化后的AC3溶液滴加NaOH 溶液直至过量(35):AB HC NaOHNaC H2O BC AC33NaOHA(OH)
3、3 3NaC CD NaOH A(OH)3NaAO22H2O 图 35 向 NaAO2溶液滴加HC至过量(图36):AB:NaA1O2HC H2ONaC A(OH)3BC:A(OH)33HCAC33H2O 图 36 向 NaOH 与 NaAO2混合液中滴加HC直至过量(图37):AB HC NaOHNaC H2O BC 同 A B CD 同 B C 图 37 向 NaOH 溶液滴加AC3,直至过量(图3 8):AB 4NaOH AC3NaAO23NaC 2H2O(12NaOH 3AC33NaAO29NaC 6H2O)文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z
4、8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W
5、1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10
6、A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z
7、8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W
8、1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10
9、A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z
10、8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W
11、1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10BC 3NaAO2AC36H2O4A(OH)3 3NaC 图 38 向盐酸中滴加NaAO2溶液直至过量(图39)AB 4HC NaAO2AC3NaC H2O BC AC33NaAO26H2O4A(OH)3 3NaC 图 39 图 310 向等物质的量混合的MgC2、AC3溶液中滴加NaOH 直至过量(图311):AB MgC22NaOHMg(OH)2 2NaC AC33NaOHA(OH)3 3NaC BC A(OH)3NaOHNaAO22H2O 图 311 文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编
12、码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY
13、10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5
14、HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编
15、码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY
16、10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5
17、HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编码:CO10A3T3H4Y5 HN2B9W1L10Z2 ZY10W10Z8E1Z10文档编
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