12月大学英语四级真题（含答案）.doc

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1、12月英语四级真题PartWriting(30minutes)留心：此部分试题在答题卡1上Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.Ivedoneithundredsoftimes.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadi

2、ngComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)WhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardseve

3、nwhenmakinglifeshardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalap搜索引擎优化fintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,wh

4、etherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byund

5、erstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecantseetherisksweretaking,wecantmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forex

6、ample,onewhodoesntknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationisunintentionaldoesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.ButEverybodyD

7、oesItMostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttheriskstheyretakingbyusingexcuses:Everyoneelsedoesit,Imnothurtinganyone,orIreallyneedthisgrade.Excusescangetveryelaborate:IknowImlookingatanothersexam,eventhoughImsupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthatsnotcheatingb

8、ecauseImjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying.Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwerenotdoinganythingwrong,wecantseetherealchoiceweremaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic

9、,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?Ifyoudratherhideyouractions,thatsagoodindicationthatyouretakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswell

10、aspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits(whatsinitforme),andsimplyhaventconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea0onatestorassignment;anFintheclass;suspensionordismissalfromschool;transcriptnotat

11、ion;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharis

12、k,buttherearentmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwayWithIt-OrNotThosewhodontgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesntlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatin

13、gdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesntgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseemseasier.Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,t

14、hecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidntgetthissimplemessage:HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.CheatingHurtsOthers,TooCheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractionsdontcountanddontreallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshavea

15、profoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothersgrades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheatingpoisonstheclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtoj

16、oinin.(IfIdontcheat,Icantcompetewiththosewhodo.)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but.acheatersays,Imnotinterestedinwhatyouretryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers.Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattack

17、onthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMattersIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldntputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefro

18、mothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist-thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansint

19、heintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournationseconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,a

20、ndoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_。A)stickstothemintheirdailylifeB)makesthemknowntoothersC)understandstheirtruevaluesD)seesthatothersalsofollowthem2.Wha

21、troledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?A)IthelpstocreateteamspiritB)ItfacilitatescommunicationC)ItisthebasisofmutualtrustD)Itinspiresmutualrespect3.Whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?A.ToensurewemakeresponsiblechoicesB.ToavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystressC.sothatwedont

22、breakanyrulesD.sothatwedontrunintotrouble4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_A.ithascausednoharmB.itisclaimedtobeunintentionalC.ithasgoneunnoticedD.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesntwishtofoolhimself?A.AvoidmakingexcusesB.ListentootherpeoplesadviceC.MakehisintensionspublicD.

23、Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_。A.willoftenbecomemorecautiousB.areusuallyveryaggressiveC.valueimmediatebenefitsmostD.mayloseeverythingintheend7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesntgetcaughtrightawaywill_A.paymoredearlyB.becomemoreconfidentC.bewidelyadmiredD.feel

24、somewhatlucky8.Cheatersatexamdontcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeoples_10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.A.ReadthenoticeonthewindowB.GetanewbusscheduleC.

25、GoandaskthestaffD.BoardthebustoCleveland12.A.Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.B.Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.C.HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecialD.HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.13.A.Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.B.Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.C.Sheisworriedaboutmissingherfli

26、ght.D.Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.14.A.AtarestaurantB.InafishshopC.AtaclinicD.Onafishingboat15.A.Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.B.Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.C.Heisaclosefriendofthewoman.D.Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.16.A.Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.B.Themanwillchoosealow-rentapa

27、rtment.C.ThemanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplaceD.Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory.17.A.Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.B.Themanandwomanareworkingonajointproject.C.Oneshouldchooseabroadtopicforaresearchpaper.D.Ittoolalotoftimetogetthemanontherighttrack.18.A.Theywentcampingthistime

28、lastyear.B.Theydidntquiteenjoytheirlastpicnic.C.Theylearnedtocooperateunderharshconditions.D.Theywerentexperiencedinorganizingpicnics.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A.HelikesSwedenbetterthanEngland.B.Heprefershotweathertocoldweather.C.HeisanEnglishmanlivinginSweden.D.Hev

29、isitsLondonnearlyeverywinter.20.A.ThebadweatherB.ThegloomywinterC.ThecoldhousesD.Thelongnight21.A.DelightfulB.PainfulC.DepressingD.Refreshing22.A.TheyoftenstayuplatereadingB.TheyworkhardandplayhardC.TheyliketogocampinginsummerD.TheytrytoearnmoreandspendmoreQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyou

30、havejustheard.23.A.EnglishLiteratureB.ManagementC.FrenchD.PublicAdministration24.A.EnglishteachingB.StafftrainingC.CareersguidanceD.Psychologicalcounseling25.A.ItsgenerousscholarshipsB.ItsworldwidefameC.Itswell-designedcoursesD.ItspleasantenvironmentSectionBPassageOne26.A.CharacteristicsofJapanesear

31、tistsB.SomefeaturesofJapanesecultureC.TheartofJapanesebrushpaintingD.TheuniquenessofJapaneseart27.A.TocalmthemselvesdownB.ToenhanceconcentrationC.ToshowtheirimpatienceD.Tosignallackofinterest28.A.HowlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespectB.HowspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheaudienceC.Howspeakerscanmisu

32、nderstandtheaudienceD.HowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsarePassageTwo29.A.DirectingpersonnelevaluationB.BuyingandmaintainingequipmentC.Drawingupplansforin-servicetrainingD.Interviewingandrecruitingemployees30.A.SomeofhisequipmentwasdamagedinafireB.ThetrainingprogramheranwasafailureC.Twoofhisworke

33、rswereinjuredatworkD.Twoofhisemployeescommittedtheft31.A.AbetterrelationshipwithhisbossB.AdvancementtoahigherpositionC.Abetter-payingjobinanothercompanyD.Improvementinthecompanysmanagement32.A.Shehasmoreself-confidencethanChrisB.SheworkswithChrisinthesamedivisionC.ShehasmoremanagementexperiencethanC

34、hrisD.SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjobPassageThree33.A.TheyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofacultureB.TheyguideusinhandlinghumanrelationshipsC.TheyhelpusexpressourselvesmoreeffectivelyD.Theyareaninfinitesourceofhumanknowledge34.A.TheirwordingmaybecomedifferentB.ThevaluestheyreflectmaychangeC.Theirori

35、ginscannolongerbetracedD.Theymaybemisinterpretedoccasionally35.A.CertainvaluesaresharedbyalargenumberofculturesB.SomeproverbsareassumingmoreandmoreimportanceC.OldproverbsareconstantlyreplacedbynewonesD.CertainvalueshavealwaysbeencentraltoacultureSectionCDictationOurlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenj

36、oymyown36_.InolongerimagineIcangetthrougha37_day,muchlessallmylife,38_onmyown.EvenifIamon39_inthemountains,Iameatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehas40_fromclothwovenbyothers,using41_someoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse.42_ofinterdependenceiseverywhere

37、.Weareonthis43_together.AsIwasgrowingup,44_.“Makeyourownway,“standonyourowntwofeet,ormymothersfavoriteremarkwhenIwasface-to-facewithconsequencesofsomeaction:“Nowthatyouvemadeyourbed,lieonit!Totalindependenceisadominantthemeinourculture,Iimaginethat45_.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimages,andin

38、steadIgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotally“independentandconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.46_.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionAWiththeworldspopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers,businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincr

39、easewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructureanjobs.Underlyingallthis47_willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina48_,sustainablewayisthecornerstoneofournationsenergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajor49_ofthe21stcentury.Alternati

40、veformsofenergy-bio-fuels,windandsolar,tonameafew-are50_beingfundedanddeveloped,andwillplayagrowing51_intheworldsenergysupply.Butexpertssaythat,evenwhen52_,alternativeenergysourceswilllikelymeetonlyabout30%oftheworldsenergyneedsby2050.Forexample,evenwith53_investments,suchasthe$93millionforwindenerg

41、ydevelopment54_intheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct,importantalternativeenergysourcessuchaswindandbio-fuels55_onlyabout1%ofthemarkettoday.Energyandsustainabilityexpertssaytheanswertoourfutureenergyneedswilllikelycomefromalotof56_-bothtraditionalandalternative.AstableBsolutionsCsignificantDroleEpr

42、ogressFmarvelousGincludedHgrowthIexactlyJconsistKcompriseLcompetitionsMcombinedNchallengesOcertainlyPassageOneBoysschoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic,accordingtoresearchreleasedtoday.Farfromthetraditionalimage

43、ofacultureofaggressivemasculinityinwhichstudentseithersinkorswim,theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype,theUSstudysays.Boysatsinglesexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,rath

44、erthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtotheboycodeofhidingtheiremotionstobearealman.Thefindingsofthestudygoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachers

45、forfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboyslearningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundthec

46、lassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudysauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversity of Virginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwithspecificallyboy-focusedapproachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevision,learnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegivenhands-onlessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround.Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminineandpreferthemoderngenreinwhichviolencean