12月大学英语四级真题（含答案）-1.docx

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1、12月大年夜学英语四级检验真题第1套PartWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhyeducationdoesntsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsb

2、utnomorethan180words.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachqu

3、estiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Thewomanisnowworkinginakindergarten.B)Themanwillsoonstartabusinessofhisown.C)Themanwould

4、liketobeahighschoolteacher.D)Thewomanisgoingtomajorinchildeducation.2.A)Thefurniturehastoberearranged.C)Theconferenceroomhastobecleaned.B)Thesoundequipmenthastobesetup.D)Thevideomachinehastobechecked.3.A)Sheisexhausted.C)Shecannotfinishworkintime.B)Sheisnear-sighted.D)Shecannotgostraighthome.4.A)The

5、womanistooparticularaboutfood.C)Thewomanshouldorderherfoodquickly.B)Hewouldratherhaveamealanhourlater.D)Heusuallyprefersice-creamtosandwiches.5.A)Heisnotagoodmechanic.C)Hespendshissparetimedoingrepairs.B)Hedoesntkeephispromises.D)Heisalwaysreadytoofferhelptoothers.6.A)Samhasabigfamilytosupport.B)Sam

6、isnotinterestedintraveling.C)Thepayofferedbythetravelagencyistoolow.D)Theworkhoursinthetravelagencyaretoolong.7.A)Internationaltrade.C)Financialconsulting.B)Productdevelopment.D)Domesticretailing.8.A)Goonabusinesstrip.C)Makeaticketreservation.B)LookforajobinMiami.D)Takeavacation.Questions9to11arebas

7、edontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)ItislocatedonRoute18.C)Itisabeautifullittletown.B)Ithasaninterestingmuseum.D)ItliessevenmileseastofNewton.10.A)Theyareinoppositedirections.C)Theyarequiteclosetoeachother.B)Theyarefifty-fivemilesapart.D)TheyarealongdrivefromNorwalk.11.A)TheyareconnectedbyRoute7

8、.C)Theyhavelotsofoldhouses.B)Theyarecrowdedwithtourists.D)Theyhavemanyrareplants.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)BringhimuptodateonthecurrentsituationinMilan.B)InformhimofthearrangementsforhistripinItaly.C)FetchthedocumentssignedbyMrGartner.D)AccompanyMrGartnertotheLina

9、teairport.13.A)About8:30.C)About5:30.B)About6:30.D)About4:15.14.A)MrGartnerfromMilan.C)Thecompanyssalesrepresentative.B)GianniRivaatMegastar.D)GavinfromtheChamberofCommerce.15.A)Travelagent.C)Secretary.B)Businessmanager.D)Saleswoman.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheend

10、ofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebas

11、edonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Shehadadesiretohelpothers.C)Sheneededsomeoverseasexperience.B)Shewantedtofindoutmoreaboutit.D)Shewasinterestedinfarming.17.A)Carryoutaculturalexchangeprogram.C)LearnPortuguese.B)Workonanagriculturalproject.D)TeachEnglish.18.A)Shefounditdifficulttosecureajobinherow

12、ncountry.B)ShewantedtorenewhercontactwiththePeaceCorps.C)ShewasinvitedtoworkasanEnglishteacher.D)Shecouldnotgetthecountryoutofhermind.19.A)ByteachingadditionalEnglishclasses.B)BywritingstoriesforAmericannewspapers.C)ByworkingparttimeforthePeaceCorps.D)Bydoingoddjobsforlocalinstitutions.PassageTwoQue

13、stions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Timespentexercising.C)Timespentonleisureactivities.B)Timespentworking.D)Timespentwithfriendsandfamily.21.A)Reading.C)Eatingout.B)SurfingtheWeb.D)WatchingTV.22.A)Driving.C)Goingtothepub.B)Gardening.D)Visitingfriends.PassageThreeQuestions23to25areb

14、asedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Thecardriverwastryingtoavoidhittingarabbit.B)Thecardriverwaspartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.C)McLaughlinwastalkingtohismanagerwhiledriving.D)McLaughlinscarelessnessresultedinthecollision.24.A)Hecrashedintoacarparkedthere.C)Hetoredownthecompanysmaingate.B)Heknock

15、eddownseveralmailboxes.D)Hedidseriousdamagetoaloadedtruck.25.A)Hewilllosehisjob.C)Hewillbefinedheavily.B)Hewillhavetopaydamages.D)Hewillreceiveretraining.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whent

16、hepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。WhenCaptainCookaskedthechiefsinTahitiwhytheyalwaysate26,theyreplied,“Becauseitisright.IfweaskAmericanswhythe

17、yeatwithknivesandforks,orwhytheirmenwearpants27skirts,orwhytheymaybemarriedtoonlyonepersonatatime,wearelikelytoget28andveryuninformativeanswers：“Becauseitsright.“Becausethatsthewayitsdone.“Becauseitsthe29.Oreven“Idontknow.Thereasonfortheseandcountlessotherpatternsofsocialbehavioristhattheyare30bysoc

18、ialnormssharedrulesorguidelineswhichprescribethebehaviorthatisappropriateinagivensituation.Norms31howpeople“oughttobehaveunderparticularcircumstancesinaparticularsociety.Weconform(遵守)tonormssoreadilythatwearehardlyawarethey32.Infact,wearemuchmorelikelytonotice33fromnormsthanconformitytothem.Youwould

19、notbesurprisedifastrangertriedtoshakehandswhenyouwereintroduced,butyoumightbealittle34iftheybowed,startedtostrokeyou,orkissedyouonboth35.Yeteachofthe搜索引擎优化therformsofgreetingisappropriateinotherpartsoftheworld.Whenwevisitanothersocietywhosenormsaredifferent,wequicklybecomeawarethatthingswedothisway,

20、theydothatway.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter

21、.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdoesittaketobeawell-trainednurse?Theanswerusedtobetwo-yearassociatesorfour-yearbachelorsdegreeprograms.Butasthenur

22、singshortage36,agrowingnumberofschoolsandhospitalsareestablishing“fast-trackprogramsthatenablecollegegraduateswithnonursing37tobecomeregisterednurseswithonlyayearorsoof38training.In1991,therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.TypicalisColumbiaUniversitysEntrytoPracticeprogram.Stude

23、ntsearntheirbachelorofscienceinnursinginayear.Thosewhostayonforan39twoyearscanearnamastersdegreethat40themasnursepractitioners(执业护士)orclinicalnursespecialists.Manystudentsarerecent41;othersarecareerswitchers.RudyGuardron,32,a2004graduateofColumbiasprogram,wasapremedicalstudentincollegeandthenworkedf

24、orapharmaceutical(药物的)researchcompany.AtColumbia,hewas42asanursepractitioner.“Isawthatnurseswereinhigh43anditlookedlikeareallygoodopportunity,hesays.“Also,Ididntwanttobeinschoolforthatlong.Thefast-tracktrendfillsaneed,butitsalsocreatingsome44betweennewcomersandveterans.“Nursesthatarestillatthebedsid

25、e45thesekidswithsuspicion,saysLindaPellico,whohastaughtnursingatYaleUniversityfor18years.“Theywonder,howcantheydoitquicker?Theansweristheydont.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)additionalB)appliedC)demandD)excessiveE)experienceF)exploresG)graduatesH)operationsI)promoteJ)qualifiesK)specializedL)tensionM)trainedN)v

26、iewO)worsensSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbym

27、arkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Theri搜索引擎优化fthesharingeconomyA)Lastnight40000peoplerentedaccommodationfromaservicethatoffers250000roomsin30000citiesin192countries.Theychosetheirroomsandpaidforeverythingonline.Buttheirbedswereprovidedbyprivateindividuals,ratherthanahotelchain.Hostsandguest

28、swerematchedupbyAirbnb,afirmbasedinSanFrancisco.Sinceitslaunchin2008morethan4millionpeoplehaveusedit2.5millionofthemin2012alone.Itisthemostprominentexampleofahugenew“sharingeconomy,inwhichpeoplerentbeds,cars,boatsandotherassetsdirectlyfromeachother,co-ordinatedviatheinternet.B)Youmightthinkthisisnod

29、ifferentfromrunningabed-and-breakfast(家庭旅店),owningatimeshare(分时度假房)orparticipatinginacarpool.Buttechnologyhasreducedtransactioncosts,makingsharingassetscheaperandeasierthaneverandthereforepossibleonamuchlargerscale.Thebigchangeistheavailabilityofmoredataaboutpeopleandthings,whichallowsphysicalassets

30、tobedividedandconsumedasservices.Beforetheinternet,rentingasurfboard,apowertooloraparkingspacefromsomeoneelsewasfeasible,butwasusuallymoretroublethanitwasworth.NowwebsitessuchasAirbnb,RelayRidesandSnapGoodsmatchupownersandrenters;smartphoneswithGPSletpeopleseewherethenearestrentablecarisparked;socia

31、lnetworksprovideawaytocheckuponpeopleandbuildtrust;andonlinepaymentsystemshandlethebilling.Whatsmineisyours,forafeeC)Justaspeer-to-peerbusinesseslikeeBayallowanyonetobecomearetailer,sharingsitesletindividualsactasanadhoc(临时的)taxiservice,car-hirefirmorboutiquehotel(精品旅店)asandwhenitsuitsthem.Justgoonl

32、ineordownloadanapp.Themodelworksforitemsthatareexpensivetobuyandarewidelyownedbypeoplewhodonotmakefullu搜索引擎优化fthem.Bedroomsandcarsarethemostobviousexamples,butyoucanalsorentcampingspacesinSweden,fieldsinAustraliaandwashingmachinesinFrance.Asadvocatesofthesharingeconomyliketoputit,accesstrumps(胜过)own

33、ership.D)RachelBotsman,theauthorofabookonthesubject,saystheconsumerpeer-to-peerrentalmarketaloneisworth$26billion.Broaderdefinitionsofthesharingeconomyincludepeer-to-peerlendingorputtingasolarpanelonyourroofandsellingpowerbacktothegrid(电网).Anditisnotjustindividuals:thewebmakesiteasierforcompaniestor

34、entoutspareofficesandidlemachines,too.Butthecoreofthesharingeconomyispeoplerentingthingsfromeachother.E)Such“collaborative(合作的)consumptionisagoodthingforseveralreasons.Ownersmakemoneyfromunderusedassets.AirbnbsayshostsinSanFranciscowhorentouttheirhomesdosoforanaverageof58nightsayear,making$9300.Caro

35、wnerswhorenttheirvehiclestoothersusingRelayRidesmakeanaverageof$250amonth;somemakemorethan$1000.Renters,meanwhile,paylessthantheywouldiftheyboughttheitemthemselves,orturnedtoatraditionalprovidersuchasahotelorcar-hirefirm.Andthereareenvironmentalbenefits,too:rentingacarwhenyouneedit,ratherthanowningo

36、ne,meansfewercarsarerequiredandfewerresourcesmustbedevotedtomakingthem.F)Forsociablesouls,meetingnewpeoplebystayingintheirhomesispartofthecharm.Curmudgeons(倔性情的人)whoimaginethateveryrenterisamurderercanstillstayatconventionalhotels.Forothers,thewebfosterstrust.Aswellasthebackgroundcheckscarriedoutbyp

37、latformowners,onlinereviewsandratingsareusuallypostedbybothpartiestoeachtransaction,whichmakesiteasytospotbaddrivers,bathrobe-thievesandsurfboard-wreckers.ByusingFacebookandothersocialnetworks,participantscancheckeachotheroutandidentifyfriends(orfriendsoffriends)incommon.AnAirbnbuserhadherapartmentt

38、rashedin2011.Buttheremarkablethingishowwellthesystemusuallyworks.PeeringintothefutureG)Thesharingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15yearsago.Atfirst,peoplewereworriedaboutsecurity.Buthavingmadeasuccessfulpurchasefrom,say,Amazon,theyfeltsafebuyingelsewhere.Similarly,usingAirbnb

39、oracar-hireserviceforthefirsttimeencouragespeopletotryotherofferings.Next,considereBay.Havingstartedoutasapeer-to-peermarketplace,itisnowdominatedbyprofessional“powersellers(manyofwhomstartedoutasordinaryeBayusers).Thesamemayhappenwiththesharingeconomy,whichalsoprovidesnewopportunitiesforenterprise.

40、Somepeoplehaveboughtcarssolelytorentthemout,forexample.H)Existingrentalbusinessesaregettinginvolvedtoo.Avis,acar-hirefirm,hasashareinasharingrival.SodoGMandDaimler,twocarmakers.Infuture,companiesmaydevelophybrid(混淆的)models,listingexcesscapacity(whethervehicles,equipmentorofficespace)onpeer-to-peerre

41、ntalsites.Inthepast,newwaysofdoingthingsonlinehavenotdisplacedtheoldwaysentirely.Buttheyhaveoftenchangedthem.JustasinternetshoppingforcedWal-martandTescotoadapt,soonlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.I)Themainworryisregulatoryuncertainty.Willroom-rentersbesubjecttohoteltax

42、es,forexample?InAmsterdamofficialsareusingAirbnblistingstotrackdownunlicensedhotels.InsomeAmericancities,peer-to-peertaxiserviceshavebeenbannedafterlobbyingbytraditionaltaxifirms.Thedangeristhatalthoughsomerulesneedtobeupdatedtoprotectconsumersfromharm,existingrentalbusinesseswilltrytodestroycompeti

43、tion.Peoplewhorentoutroomsshouldpaytax,ofcourse,buttheyshouldnotberegulatedlikeaRitz-Carltonhotel.Thelighterrulesthattypicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.J)Thesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheinternetsvaluetoconsumers.Thisemergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptive(颠覆性的)enoughforregulator

44、sandcompaniestohavewokenuptoit.Thatisasignofitsimmensepotential.Itistimetostartcaringaboutsharing.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Sharingitemssuchascarsdoesgoodtotheenvironment.47.Airbnbssuccessclearlyillustratestheemergenceofahugesharingeconomy.48.Themajorconcernaboutthesharingeconomyishowthegovernmentregulat

45、esit.49.Themostfrequentlyshareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.50.Thesharingeconomyhasapromisingfuture.51.Onlinesharingwillchangethewaybusinessisdoneintransportation,travel,rentals,etc.52.Airbnbisawebsitethatenablesownersandrenterstocompletetransactionsonline.53.Thesharingeconomyislikelyt

46、ogothewayofonlineshopping.54.Oneadvantageofsharingisthatownersearnmoneyfromrentingoutitemsnotmadefullu搜索引擎优化f.55.Sharingappealstothesociableinthattheycanmeetnewpeople.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefou

47、rchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesi

48、desourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,peopleshungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchtheydeatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodtheydseeninfrontoftheminotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdisparity(差异)suggestst