必修五（Unit 1　Great scientists Period 2）.docx

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1、Period2ReadingTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisisthesecondperiodofthisunit.Thisperiodfocusesonthereadingpassage,whichisaboutJohnSnowandKingCholera.Atthebeginningoftheperiod,theteachercandesignsomeactivitiestodrawthestudentsattentiontoread.Inordertoattractthestudentsattention,theteacherhadbetterofferthe

2、studentstheopportunitiestohaveacompetitionaboutsomeinformationaboutsomescientistsmentionedintheWarmingup.ThentheteachercanmakefulluseofthequestionsinthePre-reading.Thisstepisdesignedtomakeforpreparingforunderstandingthepassage.Readingskillsareveryimportantforseniorstudents.Forthefirstreading,weinten

3、dtocultivateSsskimmingabilityandscanningability.Firstaskthestudentstoscanitandtickoutwhat.arementionedinthepassage.Thenletthestudentsreadfasttofindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.InordertostimulateSstotakepartintheclassactivitymoreactively,theteachercanorganizeagroupcompetitiontoseewhichgroupcanfinish

4、thetaskfastestandbest.Forthesecondreading,thestudentsareexpectedtoknowsomedetailsaboutthepassage.Lateron,theteacherwillpresentsomequestionsforthestudentstoanswerandatthesametimetheyareaskedtofinishfillinginthechart.Thethirdtimeistoreadforfurtherinformation.ThispartisdesignedtogetSsintothehabitofread

5、ingapassageasawhole,thatis,togetthegeneralidea.AnotherpurposeofthispartistoaskSstopayattentiontothedetails.TodevelopSsfurtherunderstandingability,theteachercandesignsomequestions,whoseanswersarebeyondlines.Sotheteacherwillhelpthemtoreadbetweenthelines,thusSscangraduallygettheabilitytounderstandtheim

6、pliedmeanings.Inthisstep,theteacherasksSstoreaditagaininordertomakethemthinkabouttheorganizationofthewholepassage,andthismethodcanhelpthemnotonlyintheirunderstandingthispassagebutalsoinwritingashortpassage.Toconsolidatethecontentofthepassage,Ssarerequiredtoretellitaccordingtothemainidea.Inordertoaro

7、usetheSsinterest;theteachercanholdacompetitionbetweengroups.Afterthestudentsunderstandthewholepassage,theyareaskedtohaveatopicdiscussion.TeachingImportantPointsHaveagoodunderstandingofthetextbydoingtheexercises.Getthestudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallygistreadingandcomprehendingbeyondli

8、nes.TeachingDifficultiesKnowthemeaningsbetweenlinesandbeyondlines.Learndifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.TeachingAidsMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeAimHaveagoodunderstandingofthetextthroughtheexercises.AbilityAimsGraspsomereadings

9、kills.Developtheabilitytodescribesomefamousscientists.EmotionalAimsEncouragethestudentstoworkhardattheirlessonsinordertodevotethemselvestoscience.TeachingProcedureStep1GreetingT:Hello,myfriends.Ss:Hello,MissYang.Step2RevisionT:Yesterdaywetalkedalotaboutgreatscientists.NowIdlikeyoutoanswersomequestio

10、nstoseehowmuchyourememberaboutthem.Letscometoagroupcompetition.Ifyouknowtheanswer,youcanjuststandup.Ifyougetyouranswerright,Illgiveyoutenmarks.Areyouready?Listencarefully.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Anyvolunteer?S:Archimedes.T:Right.Whowroteabookex

11、plaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?S:CharlesDarwin.T:Yes.Doyoustillrememberthetitleofthebook?S:OntheOriginofSpecies.T:Verygood.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?S:JamesWatt.T:Youvedoneagoodjob.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?S:Greg

12、orMendel.T:Canyousaysomethingabouthim?S:OK.Hisresearchgavebirthtothescienceofgenetics.T:Welldone.Whodiscoveredradium?S:MadameCurie.T:Yes,weknowsheisagreatwomanscientist.Weshouldrememberwhatshesaid.Lifeisnoteasyforanyofus.Wemustwork,andaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.Wemustbelievethateachoneofusisab

13、letodosomethingwell,andthat,whenwediscoverwhatthissomethingis,wemustworkhardatituntilwesucceed.T:Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?S:Faraday.T:Youareright.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?S:LeonardodaVinci.T:Yes.Whoinventedalamptokeepminers

14、safeunderground?S:HumphreyDavy.T:Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?S:ZhangHeng.T:Doyouknowwhatheinvented?S:Heinventedseismograph.T:Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?S:StephenHawking.T:Hewroteafamousbook.Whatsthetitleofit?S:ABriefHistoryofTime.T:Allofyoudidagoodjo

15、b.Forthetimebeing,thefirst/second.groupwonthecompetition.Buttherearealotofchancesforyoutocatch.Wewillcontinueourcompetitionlater.Step3NewWordsT:TodaywearegoingtoreadanewpassageaboutanotherscientistnamedJohnSnow.Firstletscometonewwordsfirst.Herearesomedefinitionsofsomeofthewordsfromthistext.Pleasewor

16、kinpairsandmatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.A.attendB.controlC.handleD.blameE.absorbF.announceG.immediatelyH.belinkedtoI.inadditionJ.expose1.havecontrol,authority,powerover2.partofatool,bucket,drawer,etc.bywhichitmaybeheldinthehand3.takeorsuckin4.atonceorwithoutdelay5.uncover,leaveuncoveredorunprot

17、ected6.aswell,besides7.bejoinedwith,beconnectedwith8.waiton,serve,lookafter9.fixonsb.theresponsibilityforsth.doneornotdone10.makeknownSuggestedanswers:B1C2E3G4J5I6H7A8D9F10Step4Pre-readingT:Therearesomanyscientiststhatwecantcountthem.Butallthescientistsmusthavetheirscientificattitudeandscientificway

18、todoscientificresearch.NowopenyourbooksonPage1.LookatthequestionsinPre-readingquicklyanddiscussthemwithyourpartnerintwominutes.(Teachergivesthestudentstwominutestodiscuss.Afterthat,theteacherasksthemtoanswerthethreequestions.)T:First,letstalkaboutinfectiousdiseases.Canyounamesome?Letscometoagroupcom

19、petitionagain.Ifyougetyouranswerright,Illgiveyoutenmarks.Ss:Birdflu,SARS,cholera.T:Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?S:Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.S:Cholerawasspreadbygerms.S:Itwasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.S:Peoplewhoareinfectedwithitwillbeeasytodie.S:.T:Excellent.Now,letscometoQuestion2.Howcanweprovea

20、newideainscientificresearch?Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?Ss:findaproblemmakeupaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsrepeatifnecessarydrawaconclusion.Step5ReadingFirstreading:ScanningT:Hereisanothergreatscientist.Maybeyouarenotfamiliarwithhim.LookathispictureonPage2.JohnSnowwasthegreats

21、cientistwhodefeatedKingCholera.Scanthepassageandtickoutwhatarementionedinthepassage?Iwillgiveyoutwominutes.(1)JohnSnowswish(2)JohnSnowsattendingQueenVictoria(3)twotheoriesexplainingthecauseofCholera(4)JohnSnowsexaminationofthesourceofthewater(5)evidenceforthecauseofCholera(6)thesourceofallwatersuppl

22、ies(7)thespreadofCholerabygermsinpollutedwaterSuggestedanswers:(1)(3)(4)(5)(7)arementionedinthepassage.Secondreading:SkimmingtofindoutthemainideaforeachparagraphT:Skimeachparagraphandfindoutthemainideaforeachone.Whenyouwanttofindthemainideaofeachparagraph,youespeciallypayattentiontothefirstsentencea

23、ndthelastone,whichmayhelpyoufindthemainideaquickly.Iwillgiveyouthreeminutestodoit.(Theteacheroffersthreeminutesforthestudentstodoit.Lateraskssomestudentstoanswer.)Suggestedanswers:Thirdreading:Detailed-readingtoanswerquestionsT:Now,letsreadthepassagecarefullytolearnaboutmoredetails.LaterIwillletyoua

24、nswersomequestionsandfillinthechart.Letscometoagroupcompetitionagain.Ifyougetyouranswerright,Illgiveyoutwentymarks.ScientificReportbyJohnSnowTheproblemThecauseIdea1Idea2ThemethodTheresultsIdea1or2?Why?Theconclusion1.WhatproblemexistedinLondonathistime?2.Howdidcholerakillpeople?3.Howdidheprovetheseco

25、ndtheorywascorrect?4.Whatwastheresultafterhelookedintothecauseofcholera?5.Whichideawasright?Why?6.Whatconclusiondidhedraw?Suggestedanswers:ScientificReportbyJohnSnowTheproblemThousandsofpeoplediedofcholeraeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.ThecauseIdea1Choleramultipl

26、iedintheairwithoutreason.Idea2Peopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.ThemethodHebegantogathertheinformation.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandthemapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.Helookedintothesourceofthewater.TheresultsPollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Peoplewh

27、odrankthepollutedwaterdiedofCholera.Idea1or2?Why?Idea2iscorrect.HefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondonthatwerelinkedtothepollutedwater.Withthisextraevidence,hewasabletoannouncethatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Theconclusion“KingCholerawasdefeated.FourthReading:FurtherunderstandingT:Fromthepassa

28、ge,weknowthatJohnSnowbelievedthatIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?Ifyougetyouranswerright,Illgiveyouthirtymarks.Ss:JohnSnowbelievedinthesecondtheorybutneededtoprovehewascorrect.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854anditspreadquicklythroughthepoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogathertheinformation.Hedete

29、rminedtofindoutwhy.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandthemapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.HelookedintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreet.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.Inaddition,hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondonthatwerelink

30、edtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Theydiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthepollutedwater.Withextraevidence,hewasabletoannouncethatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.FinallyKingCholerawasdefeated.T:Youreallydidagoodjob.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?Why?Ifyougetyouranswerright,Illgiveyouthirt

31、ymarks.S:Ithinkhewouldhavesolvedtheproblem.Buthewouldspendmoretimeintestingthetwotheoriesanditwouldbemoredifficultforhimtolookintothecauseofcholera.(Theteachershouldgivethemabouttwominutestodiscuss,andjoininthediscussionatthesametime.Afterthat,thestudentswillbeaskedtoshowtheiropinionstothewholeclass

32、.)Step6ConsolidationT:Inthisperiod,wehavelearnedalotaboutJohnSnowandKingCholera.Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?Iwillgiveyouoneminutetoprepareforit.Ifyoursentenceisquitegood,Illgiveyouthirtymarks.(Afteroneminute.)S1:JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.S2:HeattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.S3

33、:Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.S4:JohnSnowhadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.S5:JohnSnowannouncedthatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.S6:.T:Yoursentencesaresowonderfulandamazing.Iadmirethemverymuch.Whowouldliketoretellthewholepassagetous?Ifyoucan,Illg

34、iveyoufiftymarks.Ss:.Step7TopicdiscussionT:Nowletscometoourtopic.Weknowcholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?Why?Ifyoushowquiteagoodopinion,Illgiveyouthirtymarks.ButfirstIwillgiveyoutwominutestodiscussitwithyourpartner.(Theteachershouldgivethemabouttwominutestodi

35、scuss,andjoininthediscussionatthesametime.Afterthat,thestudentswillbeaskedtoshowtheiropinionstothewholeclass.)S:Sincealotofpeopledieofbirdflu,Ithinkbirdflutodayissimilartocholera.Nowthecauseofbirdfluisnotquiteclear,butscientistsdevotetheirlivestofindingoutthecauseandthecure.S:Inmyopinion,SARSisquite

36、similartocholera.SARSisspreadbygermsintheairwhilecholeraisspreadbygermsinthepollutedwater.AlotofpeoplehavebeendyingofSARS.Ss:.T:Thistime,thefirst/secondgroupwonthecompetition.Congratulations!T:IdlikeyoutowriteashortpassageaboutJohnSnowaccordingtothepassage.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit1Gr

37、eatscientistPeriod2ReadingMainideaofeachpartScientificReportbyJohnSnowTheproblemThecauseIdea1Idea2ThemethodTheresultsIdea1or2?Why?TheconclusionResearchandActivitiesUseyourimaginationtowriteashortpassageaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuture.ImagineifyouweretofindoutthecausesofSARS,howwouldyoudoandwhatmethods

38、wouldyouusetotestyourtheory?Youcanimitatethestructureofthereadingpassage,butyoumustmakefulluseofyourimaginationtowritewhatisdifferentfromthecauseofcholera.ReferenceforTeachingWHO:CholerainChadCouldSpreadtoSudansDarfurThegovernmentofChadiscallingforinternationalassistancetofightacholeraoutbreakinthec

39、ountry.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysitisconcernedthatthediseasecouldspreadtotheDarfurregionofwesternSudan,whichisalreadystrugglingwithhisownhumanitariancrisisduetoviolence.ThegovernmentofChadsaysmorethan2000casesofcholerahavebeenreportedinthecountry,anditexpectsthatnumbertomorethandoublebytheendoft

40、herainyseasoninSeptember.Although,themajorityofcasesinChadarebeingreportedintheregionsurroundingthecapitalinthewest.ButtheWHOsaysitisdeeplyworriedthatitcouldspreadtoneighboringSudanandtherefugeecampssprawledacrossitstroubledwesternregionofDarfur.AnexpertwiththeWHO,Claire-liseChaignat,saysthediseasei

41、sendemictomainlypoorerareasthatdonothaveaccesstosafewatersupplies.“Anotherfactorisalsotherefugeeslivinginrefugeecampswheretheyarelivinginclosecommunitieswithnotenoughwaterandnopropersanitation,shesaid.“So,thatisalsoahighriskforthecommunity.So,forexample,weareverymuchscaredthat,now,inthecrisisinDarfu

42、r,orintheeasternChad,theremightbeacholeraoutbreak.Incasethegermoccursbecausethewaterandsanitationsituationissobadthatitsreally,arealriskthatwemighthaveacholeraoutbreakthere.Chadhasbeenbattlingapotentiallocustscourgeinthewest,andhasreceivedaninfluxofrefugeesintheeastfromthefightingtakingplaceintheDar

43、furregion.Thegovernmentisaskingfornearly$200000 inaidtotrytocurbthespreadofcholera.CholeraoutbreaksarebeingreportedthroughoutmuchofcentralandwesternAfricathisyear,includingCameroon,Sierra Leone,GuineaandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Thediseasespreadsquicklyinareaswherewatersuppliesarecontaminatedandc

44、ausesdehydrationwithindays.Itcanleadtodeathifvictimsareuntreatedwithinaweek.CarrieGiardino,VOANews,Abidjan.ThestrainsofcholerabacteriaprevalentinChinamakechangeandexpertswarnforpossibleoutbreak.InChinasdatabaseofepidemicstatus,apaintingdepictedwiththethreeepidemicwavesdocumentedinfiguresthestatusofc

45、holeraepidemicinthepast40yearsthroughoutthecountry.Eachtimeoffluctuationsintheepidemicgraphwasrelatedtothechangesofcholerabacterialtyping.Thelatestdataofmonitoringshowedthatthedominatingbacterialtypeofcholeraepidemicshadanotherchangeemergingwithauniqueepidemicbacterialtype.SpecialistsoftheChinese Ce

46、nterforDiseaseControl(CDC)warnedthatthepossibleaftermathofepidemicsituationresultedfromthechangesofbacterialtypeofcholeramustbedealtwithintensiveprecaution.AcademicianGaoShouyiofChineseCDCpointedoutthattheInaba1dstrainemergedpredominantlysincelastyear,hadthecharacterofwidedistributionofthesamestrain

47、,andits16Sribosomalgeneprobehybridizationbelongedtothesamestrainseeninthemajorityoftheprovinces.InacertainlocationoftheSouthernprovinces,theeltorstrain,inadditiontotheoccurrenceofInaba1dstrain,alsopartiallyemergedwiththe1c,1b,1fstrains;however,itsribosomaltypingwasidenticalwiththepredominantepidemicInaba1dstrain,allcamefromthesamecloneline.IncertainplacesofthesouthernwestareatheOgawatypethatmutatedintoInabatypeemerged;andtheInabastrainoccurredin2001wasnotthecontinuationoftheInabastrainof2000;additionallyinanotherlocationofthesouthwesternareaanOgawa6buniqueepidemicstrainoccurred.