2022年光纤基础知识汇总 .pdf
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1、光纤是光导纤维的简写,是一种利用光在玻璃或塑料制成的纤维中的全反射 原理而达成的光传导工具。微细的光纤封装在塑料护套中,使得它能够弯曲而不至于断裂。通常,光纤的一端的发射装置使用发光二极管或一束激光将光脉冲传送至光纤,光纤的另一端的接收装置使用光敏元件检测脉冲。在日常生活中,由于光在光导纤维的传导损耗比电在电线传导的损耗低得多,光纤被用作长距离的信息传递。光纤结构1、光纤(Optical Fiber)的典型结构是多层同轴圆柱体,自内向外由纤芯、包层和涂敷层三部分组成。纤芯作用传导光波成分高纯度SiO2+极少量掺杂剂(如P2O5)掺杂目的是提高纤芯对光的折射率包层作用为光的传输提供反射面和光隔离
2、,并起一定的机械保护作用。将光波限制在纤芯中传播成分高纯度SiO2+极少量掺杂剂(如B2O3)掺杂目的是使折射率略低于纤芯折射率设纤芯和包层的折射率分别为n1和 n2,光能量在光纤中传输的必要条件是n1n2。涂覆层作用保护光纤不受水汽的侵蚀和机械擦伤。同时增加光纤柔韧性。一次涂覆层:丙烯酸酯,有机硅或硅橡胶材料缓冲层:一般为性能良好的填充油膏二次涂覆层:聚丙烯或尼龙等高聚物光纤分类(1)按照制造光纤所用的材料分类有:石英系光纤;多组分玻璃光纤;塑料包层石英芯光纤;全塑料光纤。2)按折射率分布情况分类:光纤主要有三种基本类型:(多模阶跃折射率光纤)纤芯折射率为n1保持不变,到包层突然变为n2。这
3、种光纤一般纤芯直径2a=5080m,光线以折线形状沿纤芯中心轴线方向传播,特点是信号畸变大。渐变型多模光纤(多模渐变射率光纤)在纤芯中心折射率最大为n1,沿径向r 向外围逐渐变小,直到包层变为n2。这种光纤一般纤芯直径2a 为 50m,光线 以 正弦形状 沿纤芯中心轴线方向传播,特点是信号畸变小。单模光纤折射率分布和突变型光纤相似,纤芯直径只有810 m,光线以直线形状沿纤芯中心轴线方向传播。因为这种光纤只能传输一个模式(只传输主模),所以称为单模光纤,其信号畸变很小。突变型多模光纤:渐变型多模光纤:单模光纤:文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档
4、编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9
5、D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档
6、编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9
7、D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档
8、编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9
9、D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档
10、编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y33)主要用途:突变型多模光纤只能用于小容量短距离系统。渐变型多模光纤适用于中等容量中等距离系统。单模光纤用在大容量长距离的系统。光纤传输原理几何光学法:当光波波长远小于光纤芯径时,光可以用一条表示光波传播方向的几何线即光射线表示麦克斯韦波动方程法:根据电磁场理论对光波导的基本问题求解几何光学法(以 突变型多模光纤 的交轴光线(子午光线)为例):设纤芯和包层折射率分别为 n1和 n2,空气的折射率n0=1,纤芯中心轴线与z 轴一致。与内光线
11、入射角的临界角c相对应,光纤 入射光的入射角 i有一个 最大值 max。max称为光纤端面入射临界角(简称 入射临界角)光纤2当imax时,相应的光线将在交界面发生全反射而返回纤芯,并以折线的形状向前传播,如 光线 3。由此可见,只有在半锥角为 i max的圆锥内入射的光束才能在光纤中传播。文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2
12、J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6
13、T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2
14、J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6
15、T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2
16、J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6T2 HR6N9D6P9S8 ZV1A2J7S6Y3文档编码:CG2L9N4V6
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