十年高考20022011英语分类汇编名词.docx

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1、十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编-名词u 名词在高考中的考查重点：一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。解题方法：1. 熟记近义名词的辨析2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化4. 掌握名

2、词的所有格5. 注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复6. 熟记名词及动词的固定搭配使用【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；int

3、elligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。【2011福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause及global climate chang

4、e存在着因果关系，故选B。【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of

5、childrens . A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly

6、 in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. projec

7、t B. commitment C. competition D. ambition【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment及后面的decision相呼应，故选B。【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers w

8、ould prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。【2011江西卷31】Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make

9、 an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。【2011山东卷,34】Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. conce

10、rn D. relationship【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来及大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 及they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。【2011江苏卷,32】Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义

11、。【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。10安徽I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出

12、；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “她变得认不出来了。”10江西Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity答案A考点考查名词。解析a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。10山东Those

13、who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter答案A考点本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。解析句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。10天津James took the magazines off the little table

14、to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position答案A考点考查名词意义和用法。解析句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。10江苏The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. rep

15、utation C. contribution D. civilization答案B考点名词辨析。解析reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。10湖北This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle答案B考点本题考查名词/名词短语。解析此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理

16、解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。 After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equi

17、pment D. furniture.答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。10浙江The school advisers help you talk through your proble

18、m but they dont give you any direct _.A. solution B. target C. measure D. function答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。09安徽China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. inf

19、luence C. impression D. knowledge答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析09福建The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without anywhen the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关

20、心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。09湖北Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character答案D.考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但及前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。09湖北In our class, wh

21、en the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。09江西The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off bef

22、ore they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms答案C考点本题考查名词所有格。解析名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易09海南Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strikeC. rush D. push答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼

23、迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选D。09山东-He says that my new car is a _ of money.-Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。09陕西Form

24、 their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。09天津Im trying to break

25、 the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规；convenience方便；leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。解析09浙江The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approa

26、ch答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give.accessto.是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A08安徽To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _” A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用vo

27、ices, 而不用其他选项。08福建Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？A项sense “感觉, 思考, 意义”；B项matter “事件, 问题, 原因”；C项case “事, 案例, 容器”；D项opinion “意见, 看法,

28、 主张”。Whats the sense of？“有什么意义” 四个选项中只能A项符合语境。08江苏I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.Thats OK, theres _.A. no problem B. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry答案D考点本题考查名词词组。解析根据第一句的意思可知 “说话者担心来不及修好”, 所以对方劝慰他不用急。no problem意思是 “没问题”, 通常单独使用或用Thats no problem；(Its) no wonder意思是 “难怪”；There is no dou

29、bt意思是 “毫无疑问”。08江苏Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged _.A. beyond reachB. beyond repairC. beyond controlD. beyond description答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据前一句的提示可知, 只有在坏得无法修理的情况下才建议去买新的机器。故用beyond repair, 意为 “；beyond the reach of意为 “鞭长莫及”；beyond control意为 “失控”；beyond desc

30、ription意为 “难以言表”。08山东I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析bargain用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain意为 “真便宜”。08江西-Shall we go out for a walk?- Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. mo

31、ment B. situation C. place D. chance答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：我们出去散散步好吗？对不起, 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A项 “某一时刻, 片刻”；B项 “情形, 状况”；C项 “地方”；D项 “机会”。08浙江Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析a sense of smell

32、嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。08湖北The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A.prediction B.promise C.plan D.contribution答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺, 答应, 其后的that从句为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词promise的内容, 其他选项不合句意。08湖北The top l

33、eaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛, 氛围；state状态；situation形势, 局面；phenomenon现象。08天津Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. arti

34、cles C. goods D. products答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。07湖北Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight 答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析point点;意义;idea主意, 念头;at

35、titude态度, 看法;sight视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。07上海My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine 答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析drill操练;action行为;regulation规则, 条例;routine惯例, 常规。由句意可知D项正确。07安徽The practice of hangi

36、ng clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析sight风景;look表情;sign迹象, 现象;appearance出现, 显露。07天津One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges答案B考点本题考查名

37、词辨析。解析句意为：一月1 000美元不是一笔财富, 但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A项为 “账单”；B项为 “花费；费用”；C项为 “价格”;D项为 “价格；索价”。07陕西He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词词义辨析。soul心灵, 灵魂;spirit精神;heart心, 心脏;mind想法, 主意;be of the same mind为固定短语, 意为 “对看法相同, 主意

38、一样”, 符合句意。07福建You are always full of .Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.power B.strength C.force D.energy答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力, 势力；strength力气, 优势;force力, 武力;energy精力;be full of energy指 “精力旺盛”, 符合题意。07浙江Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be th

39、e most popular _ for a wedding in some countries.A. way B. situation C. event D. choice答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为:在某些国家, 一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way方式, 方法;situation状况, 处境;event事情, 事件;choice挑选, 选择。根据题意, 应选D项。07山东I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety答案

40、C考点此题考查固定搭配。a matter of .是固定搭配。解析句意：我无法说哪种酒最好这是个人口味爱好的问题。a matter of意为 “关于的问题”, 如：a matter of principle原则问题；a matter of opinion仁者见仁, 智者见智；a matter of remembering words 记几个单词的问题。A项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务”；B项意为 “重要事情、大事”；D项意为 “不同种类”。07辽宁Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of ex

41、ercise.A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析a lack of缺乏。句意为：健康问题及不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。06全国It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C.time D.way答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。it作形式主语, 接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语作真正的主语。help意为 “帮助”。tim

42、e意为 “时间”。way意为 “方法”。06天津Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析challenge意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。ability意为 “能力”。competition意为 “竞赛”。knowledge意为 “知识”。06上海When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main _ was the fear of water. A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle