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2021年有机化合物命名.pdf

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1、有机化合物命名有机化合物命名有机化合物的分类和命名要点：1 有机物的分类：根据官能团不同，根据是否含有苯环，根据是否是链状的 2 同系物的概念 3 有机物的命名一有机物的分类【问】同分异构体的种类我们已经学过，那么分子式为C3H8O 的有机物有几种可能的同分异构体？写出结构简式。CH3CH2CH2OH CH3OCH2CH3 CH33其中能发生酯化反应的有哪些？你是根据什么得出这个结论的？【答】结构中有（醇）羟基，能发生酯化反应。由此，我们知道，有机物的化学性质主要跟它所具有的基团的性质有关。我们把这种反映一类有机物共同特性的的原子或原子团叫做官能团。【问】你知道还有哪些官能团呢？它们存在于哪

2、些物质当中？【学生举例】COOH 羧酸中存在CHO 醛当中存在其实刚才大家已经在对有机物进行分类了根据官能团不同分类 1 根据官能团不同分类（1）烷烃（CnH2n 2）没有任何官能团【学生举例】CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3【问】烷烃的性质几乎相似，请你观察以上烷烃的结构，你能发现其中有什么递变规律吗？【答】它们在结构上相差一个或多个CH2。精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页，共 7 页我们就把这些结构相似、分子组成相差一个或若干个CH2 基团的有机物互称为同系物。同系物结构相似、分子组成相差一个或若干个CH2 基团的一

3、类有机物，它们具有相同的分子通式。思考：分子式为C5H12有几种同分异构体？它们属于同系物吗？【学生回答】列举所知道的烯烃 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH3 CH2 CH CH2CH3官能团：“C C”碳碳双键 CH【问】乙烯和 2=CH 2 是同系物吗？官能团：C 碳碳叁键实例：HC CH HC C CH3 HC C CH2CH3（4）苯的同系物（CnH2n 6含有一个苯环）CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 实例：CH3结构相似具有相同种类和数量的官能团组成上相差一个或若干个CH2 基团所以按官能团种对有机物进行类分类时，同一类物质，也可能不属于同系物。官能团：X（卤素原子）实例：CH3C

4、H2Cl（一氯乙烷）官能团：OH（不与苯环直接相连）实例：CH3CH2OH（乙醇）CH3OH（甲醇）官能团：OH（与苯环直接相连）实例：OH（苯酚）官能团：COOH（羧基）实例：CH3COOH（乙酸）HCOOH（甲酸）官能团：O（醚键）精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 2 页，共 7 页文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3

5、N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC

6、3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:C

7、C3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:

8、CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码

9、:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编

10、码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档

11、编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5实例：CH3CH2OCH2CH3（乙醚）CH3OCH3（甲醚）官能团：CHO（醛基）实例：CH3CHO（乙醛）HCHO（甲醛）官能团：（羰基）实例 CH3CH3 丙酮官能团：O（酯基）实例：CH3CH2OOCCH3（乙酸乙酯）官能团：NH2（胺基）实例：CH3 NH2（甲胺）2 根据结构中是否含有苯环（1）脂肪族化合物结构中不含苯环（2）芳香

12、族化合物结构中含有苯环 3 根据碳原子连接成链状还是环状【问题解决】P31二有机物的命名（一）认识常见的基团：CH3 甲基 CH3CH2 乙基 CH3CH2CH2 丙基 CH3 异丙基（二）烷烃的命名原则：分子内碳原子数后加一个“烷”字，就是简单烷烃的名称，碳原子的表示方法：碳原子在110 之间，用“天干”表示甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸10 以上的则以汉字“十一、十二、十三”表示。例如：CH4 C2H6 C5H12 C9H20 C12H26 C20H42甲烷乙烷戊烷壬烷十二烷二十烷精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 3 页，共 7 页文档编码:

13、CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码

14、:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编

15、码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档

16、编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文

17、档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5

18、文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V

19、5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5【例】我们知道有机物中存在着大量的同分异构现象，比如分子式为C4H10的有机物就有

20、两种，那么在命名时如果都叫丁烷，肯定不行，需要加以区分。CH3CH2CH2CH3 正丁烷 CH33 异丁烷再比如分子式为C5H12的烃就有三种同分异构体，同样在命名的时候要区分开来，一个名字只能给一种物质 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 正戊烷 CH32CH3 异戊烷 CH33 新戊烷在习惯命名法中，通常把具有“CH3”这种结构的称为“异”；把具有“CH32”3 3 这种结构的称为“新”。【过渡】那么分子式为C7H16的烷烃有 9 种同分异构体，应该如何对每一种同分异构体准确的命名呢？随着 C原子数的增多，烷烃的同分异构更多，又应该如何来命名呢？显然，习惯命名法，有一定的局限性。要有一种更完善

21、的命名方法才能解决这些问题。2 系统命名法【结合例题及课件讲解】烷烃系统命名法命名的步骤:（1）选定分子中最长的碳链做主链，并按主链上碳原子的数目称为某“烷”。（2）把主链里离支链最近的一端作为起点，用1、2、3 等数字给主链的各碳原子依次编号定位以确定支链的位置。（3）把支链的名称写在主链名称的前面，在支链名称的前面用阿拉伯数字注明它在主链上所处的位置，并在数字与名称之间用一短线隔开。精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 4 页，共 7 页文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6

22、D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI

23、6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 H

24、I6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1

25、HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1

26、 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E

27、1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4

28、E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5（4）如果有相同的支链，可以合并起来用二、三等数字表示，但表示相同支链位置的阿拉伯数字要用“，”隔开；如果几个支链不同，就把简单的写在前面，复杂的写在后面。烷烃的系统命名法可以简单总结为以下几点：选

29、主链，称某烷；编号码，定支链；支名同，要和并，支名异,简在前,烷名写在最后面.支链位置-支链名称-主链名称阿拉伯数字-支链位置汉字数字-相同支链的个数写母体名称时，主链碳原子在10 以内的用“天干”，10 以上的则用汉字“十一、十二、十三”（三）烯烃和炔烃的命名 1【结合例题及课件讲解】命名规则（1）将含有双键或三键的最长碳链作为主链，称为“某烯”或“某炔”。（2）从距离双键或三键最近的一端给主链上的碳原子依次编号定位。（3）用阿拉伯数字标明双键或三键的位置（只需标明双键或三键碳原子编号较小的数字）。用“二”“三”等表示双键或三键的个数。（4）支链的定位应服从所含双键或三键的碳原子的定位。（四

30、）卤代烃及醇的命名 1 卤代烃的命名卤代烃的命名原则遵循烷烃和烯烃的命名原则，在命名时，把卤素原子看作为一种取代基。例如：CH33 2甲基 2氯丙烷 CH32CH2CH23 2 甲基 6氯庚烷（1）遵循烷烃的命名原则（2）编号时，羟基所在碳原子的编号要尽可能小精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 5 页，共 7 页文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V

31、5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5

32、V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C

33、5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10

34、C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W1

35、0C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W

36、10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5

37、W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5（3）在命名醇时，羟基不能作为取代基来看待，例如“1羟基乙醇”例：CH33 2丙醇 CH3CH2CH3 1 丙醇 3 醛及羧酸的命名（1）找主链醛基或羧基必须在主链里，其它遵循烷烃的命名方法（2）编号从醛基或羧基中的碳原子开始（3）命名醛基或羧基不看作取代基 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5例：CH33 HOOCCH2CH2CH

38、2COOH 2甲基丙醛 1，5戊二酸（五）环状化合物的命名 1 苯的同系物的命名（1）苯分子中的一个氢原子被烷基取代后，命名时以苯作母体，苯环上的烃基为侧链进行命名。先读侧链，后读苯环。CH 3 甲苯 CH 2 CH 3 乙苯（2）如果苯环有两个氢原子被两个取代基取代后，可分别用“邻”“间”和“对”来表示（习惯命名）。CH3 CH3 CH3 3 3 邻二甲苯间二甲苯对二甲苯上面所讲的是习惯命名法。（3）（系统命名法）给苯环上的6 个碳原子编号，以某个甲基所在的碳原子的位置为 1 号，选取 3 最小位次号给另一个甲基编号。CH3 CH3 CH3 3 3，二甲基苯，3二甲基苯，4二甲基苯 2 其它

39、环状化合物的命名精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 6 页，共 7 页文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D

40、5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1

41、D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT

42、1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 Z

43、T1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10

44、ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10

45、 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B1

46、0 ZT1D5W10C5V5规则：以碳环作为母体，编号时如有官能团，要使官能团的编号尽量最小，其它遵循苯的同系物的命名规则 OH CH 2甲基苯酚 3 6 2 3甲基环己醇 CH3 5 3 4总结：有机物的命名一般总是遵循以下过程：1 找主链碳原子数最多的一条为主链，若官能团中含有碳原子，则该官能团必须包含在主链里。2 编号从离支链近的一段开始依次编号，若有官能团存在，则官能团的编号要尽可能小 3 命名官能团不作为取代基出现在有机物的名称中 6 5精品w o r d 学习资料可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 7 页，共 7 页文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 Z

47、T1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10

48、ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10

49、 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B1

50、0 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B10 ZT1D5W10C5V5文档编码:CC3N6W3E4E1 HI6D10G7A3B

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