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1、1/3 澳斯特教育教材系列第5 讲机械效率时间:2017年08 月15 日学生:一、兴趣导入(Topic-in)二、学前测试(Testing)三、知识讲解(Teaching)1.有用功、额外功和总功定义:有用功为了达到某一目的而必须做的功叫有用功,用有用W表示;额外功并非我们需要但又不得不做的功叫额外功,用额外W表示;总功有用功加上额外功是总共做的功,叫做总功。额外有用总WWW例 1:下列有关有用功和额外功的说法,正确的是()A、用水桶从井中提水时,对水做的功是有用功,而对水桶做的功是额外功B、用水桶从井中提水时,对水桶做的功是有用功,对水做的功是额外功C、当水桶掉到井里,需要将水桶打捞上来时
2、,对水桶做的功是有用功,而对桶内的水做的功是额外功D、从水井中打捞水桶时,对水做的功是有用功,对水桶做的功是额外功2.机械效率定义:有用功跟总功的比值叫做机械效率,用表示。%100总有用WW例 2:要提高滑轮组的机械效率,下列做法中正确的是()A、使用轻质滑轮B、用滑轮组提升很轻的物体C、在滑轮的轮和轴之间注些润滑油D、以上都可以四、训练辅导(Tutor)1.小玲同学值日时用水桶提水从一楼到三楼,她做的有用功是()|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 1 页,共 3 页2/3 A、对桶所做的功B、对水做的功C、对水和桶做的功D、对水、桶
3、和人做的功2.下列关于提高机械效率的说法中,正确的是()A、越省力的机械,机械效率越高B、做的有用功越多,机械效率越高C、做的总功越少,机械效率越高D、额外功在总功中占的比例越小,机械效率越高3.用一动滑轮把重96 N 的物体 A 提升 2 m,所用拉力为60 N,则拉力所做的有用功和动滑轮的机械效率分别是()A、192 J,20%B、120 J,20%C、192 J,80%D、120 J,80%五、强化练习(Training)1.体重是 400 N 的同学用重10 N 的水桶,提起重为100 N 的水沿楼梯送到5 m 高的宿舍里使用。则完成这一次提水,做的有用功和额外功分别是()A、500
4、J 50 J B、500 J 2050 J C、550 J 2000 J D、2500 J 50 J 2.小明的妈妈在楼下的超市买了一袋质量为25 kg 的大米,超市员工帮她扛上楼,在上楼过程中,对超市员工来说,有用W=J,额外W=J,总W=J。(g取 10 N/kg,员工体重为60 kg,登楼高度为18 m)3.关于机械的功、功率和机械效率,以下说法正确的是()A、利用机械越省力,机械效率越高B、机械做功越快,机械效率越高C、机械的功率越大,做功越多D、机械的功率越小,做功越慢|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 2 页,共 3 页文
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11、3F1文档编码:CZ4J3G1J8F4 HA10K4R3U3U1 ZE2I1R5R3F1文档编码:CZ4J3G1J8F4 HA10K4R3U3U1 ZE2I1R5R3F1文档编码:CZ4J3G1J8F4 HA10K4R3U3U1 ZE2I1R5R3F1文档编码:CZ4J3G1J8F4 HA10K4R3U3U1 ZE2I1R5R3F13/3 六、反思总结(Thinking附件:堂堂清-测试题学生:关于功率和机械效率,下列说法正确的是()A、功率大的机械,机械效率一定高B、做功多的机械,机械效率一定高C、机器的功率越大,做功就越多D、机器的功率越大,做功就越快|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|
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