《利用化学方程式的简单计算》复习.pdf

《《利用化学方程式的简单计算》复习.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《利用化学方程式的简单计算》复习.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1/12 课题 3 利用化学方程式的简单计算知识点 1：利用化学方程式计算的一般步骤：（1）根据化学方程式计算的依据：利用化学方程式计算的理论基础是质量守恒定律，计算时依据化学方程式中反应物、生成物各物质之间的质量比（2）利用化学方程式计算的一般步骤：例题：3克镁在氧气中充分燃烧，可以生成多少克氧化镁？解：设可生成氧化镁的质量为X （1）设未知数 设MgO2OMg22点燃（2）写出化学方程式 方 48 80（3）写出有关物质的式量、3g X 已知量和未知量 关Xg38048（4）列比例式，求解 比48g380X 算=5g（5）简明地写出答案 答答：3 克镁在氧气中充分燃烧可生成氧化镁5 克。（

2、3）根据化学方程式计算应该注意的事项正确书写化学方程式，准确列出有关反应物或生成物的质量比；列式时，各物质的质量单位必须统一，对应关系要正确；反应物、生成物都必须是纯净物，如果是混合物，应该将不纯物的质量按题意转化为纯净物的质量；解题的过程要完整，规范设未知数是要指明物理量，不要带单位。【典型例题】例 1：利用化学方程式进行计算的依据是A.化学方程式表示了一种化学反应的过程B.化学方程式表示了反应物、生成物和反应条件2/12 C.化学方程式表示了反应前后反应物和生成物的质量关系D.化学方程式中，各反应物质量比等于各生成物质量比【解读】根据化学方程式的计算理论依据是化学方程式的量的意义（质量比、

3、粒子数目比）。【答案】C 例 2：在反应 X+2Y=R+2M 中，当 1.6 gX 与 Y 完全反应后，生成 4.4gR，且反应生成的 R 和 M的质量之比为 11：9，则在此反应中 Y 和 M 的质量之比为A.23：9 B.16：9 C.32：9 D.46：9【解读】此题考查的知识是物质之间发生的反应按一定的质量比进行，反应物和生成物的质量总和相等（即质量守恒）。X2YR2M 11 9 1.6g4.4g x（1）x9g4.411x=3.6 g（2）根据质量守恒定律：Y 的质量为：4.4g+3.6g1.6g=6.4g Y 和 M 的质量之比是：6.4g：3.6g=16：9。【答案】B例 3：在

4、 3A+B=2C+D 的反应中已知 30gA 和 10gB 恰好完全反应，生成5gD且已知 C 的相对分子质量为 70，则 A 的相对分子质量是（）A.20 B.26 C.40 D.60【解读】3A +B =2C +D 30g 10g 5g 根据质量守恒定律，生成C：30g+10g5g=35g 30g 10g 35g 5g 3x 270 30g：35g=3x：140 x=40【答案】C例 4：下列根据化学方程式的计算题有错误，简述错误的原因，并加以改正。加热12.25g氯酸钾，充分反应后可制得氧气多少克？解：设生成氧气的质量为x。文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 Z

5、N10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9

6、ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9

7、 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B

8、9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6

9、B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X

10、6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8

11、X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X93/12 23OKClKClO2MnO122.5 32 12.25g x x32g25.125.122 x=3.2g 答：加热 12.2

12、5g氯酸钾，可制得氧气3.2g。（1）错误原因：。（2）改正：。【解读】根据化学方程式计算应该注意的事项。本题的错误在于化学方程式没有配平。【答案】（1）化学方程式没有配平。（2）设反应后可制得氧气x。23O3KCl2KClO22MnO2 122.5 332 12.25g x x96g25.12245x=4.8 g 答：加热 12.25g氯酸钾，可制得氧气4.8g。知识点 2：常见的计算类型：（1）利用化学方程式的简单计算；（2）涉及到气体体积的计算（3）有关含杂质物质的化学方程式的计算；（4）质量守恒定律结合化学方程式的综合计算。有关计算公式：纯净物的质量=不纯物的质量 纯净物的质量分数=不

13、纯物的质量 （1杂质的质量分数）不纯物总质量中含有纯净物的质量分数（纯度）：一定体积的气体换算成一定质量的气体：气体的体积=气体的质量/气体的密度。解题思路：文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:C

14、C5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:

15、CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码

16、:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编

17、码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档

18、编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文

19、档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9

20、文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X94/12 审题：认真阅读题目，反复推敲关键字句，准确理解题意。析题：运用所学知识剖析题目，理清层次，挖掘隐含信息，排除干扰条件，分析已知和待求。明确物质间关系，寻找解题突破口。解题：解题时要做到思路清楚，方法正确，步骤清晰（设未知、写化学方程式、找关系量、列比例式、求未知、写答案），计算准确，书写规范。验题：检查所用条件是否符合题意，是否全部解出所求问题，单位是否统一，计算是否正确等。【典型例题】例 1：在一个密闭容器内有四种物质A、B、C、D，在高温条件下发生反应，一段时间后测得反应前后各物质质量如下表所示

21、，如果A 的相对分子质量为2N，D 的相对分子质量为3N，则该反应的化学反应方程式中A 与 D 的化学计量数之比为A B C D 反应前质量（）8 10 1 15 反应后质量（）未测24 2 6 A.1：1 B、1：2 C、1：3 D、2：3【解读】本题是根据化学方程式进行简单计算的综合题，首先要根据表中内容判断反应物是什么和生成物是什么，然后根据质量关系来判断A 与 D 的化学计量数之比。根据表中数据可知，B 和 C为生成物，而 D 为反应物，再根据质量守恒定律可知A 减少的质量为 6，故 A 也为反应物，写出化学反应方程式为：ADB+C，最后根据 A 与 D 的质量关系计算它们的化学计量数

22、之比）【答案】A例 2：中国登山协会为纪念我们首次攀登珠穆朗玛峰成功50周年，再次组织攀登珠峰活动。阿旺扎西等一行登山运动员于2003年 5 月 21日 13：40 成功登顶。假如每位运动员冲顶时消耗自带的液氧 4.8kg。求：（1）这些氧气在标准状况下的体积是多少升？（标准状况下氧气密度为1.43g/L）（2）若在实验室以高锰酸钾为原料制取相同质量的氧气，需要多少千克的高锰酸钾？（3）用这种方法给登山运动员供氧，是否可行？简述理由。【解读】此题难度不高，主要考查学生有关化学方程式计算的两个重要的注意点：1.气体体积和气体质量的换算（即气体体积=气体质量 气体密度）；2.化学方程式中单位的换算

23、，如题目中出现“kg”与“g”之间的换算。此题中不仅仅是一道有知识背景的简单计算，还考查了学生在物质文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10

24、W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN1

25、0W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN

26、10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 Z

27、N10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9

28、ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9

29、 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B

30、9 ZN10W4F6T7X95/12 制备时是否考虑原料成本和反应时间的因素。【答案】（1）4.8kg氧气在标准状况下的体积为L6.3356L/g43.1kg/g1000kg8.4（2）设需要高锰酸钾的质量为x 2KMnO4=K2MnO4+MnO2+O2 316 32 x 4.8kg kg8.432x316kg4.4732kg8.4316x（3）不行。此法成本太高，经济上不合算；或在实验室制如此多氧气，耗时太长。例 3：饲养观赏鱼，可以陶冶人的情操，增进人们对生活的热爱。空运观赏鱼，必须密封。为了解决鱼的吸氧问题，可在水中加入过氧化钙（化学式：CaO2），过氧化钙与水反应，生成氢氧化钙和氧气。

31、（1）写出过氧化钙与水反应的化学方程式并配平；（2）一位养鱼爱好者欲测定所用过氧化钙样品中过氧化钙的质量分数，做了如下实验：称取样品 2.0g，加入到足量的水中，生成了0.32g氧气。试计算所用样品中过氧化钙的质量分数。【解读】该题以社会生活为背景材料，根据化学方程式进行计算。主要考查阅读、分析能力和规范解题能力。题目要求的是样品中过氧化钙的质量分数，只要求出生成0.32g氧气所需的过氧化钙的质量，然后与样品质量相比，再乘以100，即可解题。【答案】（1）2CaO2+2H2O2Ca（OH）2+O2（2）设样品中过氧化钙的质量为x。2CaO2+2H2O2Ca（OH）+O2144 32 x 0.3

32、2g g32.032x144x=1.44g 过氧化钙的质量分数为：%72%100g2g44.1答：样品过氧化钙的质量分数为72文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7

33、H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN

34、7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 H

35、N7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10

36、HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10

37、 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D1

38、0 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D

39、10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X96/12 例 4：工业上电解氧化铝制取单质铝的反应式为：2Al2O3通电4Al+3O2。请计算电解 10t氧化铝可得多少吨铝？【解读】这是一道已知反应物质量求生成物质量的问题。解：本题可用两种方法解答。解法 1：设电解 10t氧化铝可得铝 x 解法 2：电解过程中，氧化铝中的铝全部生成铝2Al2O3通电4Al+3O2 Al2O3 2Al204 108 102 54 10t x 10t x 204：108=10t：x 102：54=10t：x x=5.3t x=5.3t 答：（略）答：（略）例 5：取氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物15.5克，放入一

40、大试管中加热，反应完全后冷却到反应前温度，称残余固体质量为10.7克。求生成氧气多少克？生成氯化钾多少克？【解读】依质量守恒定律求解.解：生成氧气质量：15.5克10.7克=4.8克。设生成的氯化钾的质量为x 23O3KCl2KClO22MnO 149 96 x 4.8克149：96x：4.8克x=7.45克答：生成氧气 4.8克，生成氯化钾 7.45克。例 6：为了测定实验室中氯酸钾样品的纯度，某学习小组取2.5g该样品与 0.5g二氧化锰混合，加热该混合物 t1时间后（假设杂质不参加反应），冷却，称量剩余固体的质量，重复以上操作，依次称得加热 t1、t2、t3、t4时间后剩余固体的质量，记

41、录数据如下表：加热时间t1t2t3t4剩余固体质量/g 2.48 2.34 2.04 2.04 请仔细分析实验数据，回答下列问题：（1）在_时间后，该样品中的氯酸钾已经完全反应文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T

42、7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6

43、T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F

44、6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4

45、F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W

46、4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10

47、W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN1

48、0W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X97/12（2）完全反应后产生氧气的质量（3）该样品中氯酸钾的质量分数【解读】氯酸钾分解制氧气的化学反应，本题目中实验分四次进行，给出四次反应后剩余固体质量，需要分析已知数据后再计算。t4时剩余固体质量与t3时剩余固体质量相同，则说明t3时样品中的氯酸钾已反应完全。则此时生成的氧气为完全反应时产生氧气的质量。【答案】解：（1）加热 t3时间后氯酸钾已反应完全。（2）完全反应时共产生氧气的质量：2.5g+0.5g2.04g=0.96g（3）设原样品中氯酸钾的质量为x。23O3KCl2KClO22

49、MnO245 96 x 0.96g 245：96=x：0.96g x=2.45g 样品中含纯氯酸钾的质量分数：2.45g/2.5g100%=98%四、本讲小结：通过本节内容的学习，我们知道了根据化学方程式计算的过程、步骤、方法，同时也懂得了化学计算题是从“量”的方面来反映物质及其变化的规律，它与侧重于从性质角度去研究和理解物质及其变化规律是相辅相成的。所以说化学计算题包括化学和数学两个因素，两个因素同时考虑，才能得到正确的答案。常见的计算类型：（1）利用化学方程式的简单计算；（2）涉及到气体体积的计算（3）有关含杂质物质的化学方程式的计算；（4）质量守恒定律结合化学方程式的综合计算。五、应考锦

50、囊：化学方程要配平，需将纯量代方程；关系式对关系量，计算单位不能忘；关系量间成比例，解设比答需完整。六、超前思维（碳单质）文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2P8X6B9 ZN10W4F6T7X9文档编码:CC5B10Y9A1D10 HN7H2