古代文学考试重点.pdf

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1、一、填空1、中国古代著名的四大神话：女娲补天、共工触山、后羿射日、嫦娥奔月。2、诗经是我国第一部诗歌总集，收录了从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌共305篇，又称“诗”或“诗三百”，包括风、雅、颂。赋、比、兴与风、雅、颂合称为“六义”。3、甲骨卜辞是我国现存最早的记言、记事文字，也是书面文学的萌芽。4、春秋是我国现存的第一部编年体史书。内容上，考察政治的得失成败，总结兴亡治乱的教训。5、“春秋三传”：春秋左氏传、春秋公羊传（战国时齐人公羊高）、春秋谷梁传（战国时鲁人谷梁赤）6、左传相传是春秋末期的鲁国史官左丘明所著,左传是我国第一部叙事完整的编年体历史著作。7、国语是我国最早的一部国别体史书。分别记载

2、周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、吴、越八国的史事，是各国史料的汇编，以记言为主。作者：左丘明（司马迁、班固、王充等持此种观点）8、战国策的成书于西汉刘向,记载东周、西周、秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山十二国的史实。是一部国别体史书。9、论语是一部记述孔子及其弟子言行的语录体散文集，由孔子弟子及再传弟子纂录而成。大约在战国初年始编辑成书。10、南宋时，朱熹把论语和大学、中庸、孟子合为“四书。”11、屈原是楚辞的奠基者和主要代表作家，其代表作是离骚12、刘向和刘歆共同完成的七略，是我国第一部目录著作。13、论衡一书为东汉王充所作，它是古代一部不朽的唯物主义的哲学文献。14、吴越春秋，东汉赵晔撰，

3、是一部记述春秋时期吴、越两国史事为主的史学著作。15、司马相如子虚赋、上林赋，子虚先生（楚）、乌有先生（齐）、亡是公。16、枚乘“七发”，人物吴客、楚太子，七发是标志汉大赋正式形成的第一篇作品。七发又是“七”体的开创之作。（主客问答的形式和七段的章式）17、贾谊：过秦论和陈政事疏。过秦论借秦的灭亡告诫汉朝皇帝不要重蹈复辙。陈政事疏：又名治安策，系统地阐述治国主张。18、晁错：论贵粟疏、守边劝农疏，西汉论说文。19、诗经中有六篇有目无辞的诗，称为笙诗。目：南陔、白华、华黍、由庚、崇丘、由仪。20、汉赋四大家：司马相如、扬雄、班固、张衡。21、史记作者司马迁，是我国第一部以写人物为中心的纪传体的通

4、史，记载了从传说中的黄帝到汉武帝太初年间约三千年的历史。由 12 本纪、10表、8 书、30 世家、70 列传五个部分组成。22、张衡的归田赋是中国文学史上第一篇描写田园隐居乐趣的作品，也是现存东汉第一篇完整的抒情小赋。23、郭茂倩的乐府诗集是采收乐府诗最完备的诗歌总集。24、“乐府双璧”：即木兰诗和孔雀东南飞的合称。孔雀东南飞是现存下来的最早的一首长篇叙事诗。主人公刘兰芝与焦仲卿。25、班固的汉书是我国第一部断代史。26、王充、王符、仲长统并称东汉政论散文三大家。27、马第伯的封禅仪记是现今所能见到的最早的游记。28、现存东汉文人最早的完整的五言诗是班固的咏史29、古诗十九首代表了汉代文人五

5、言诗的最高成就。30、尚书我国最早的一部历史文献，也是我国第一部历史散文集。31、六经：易、书、诗、礼、乐、春秋。五经：易、书、诗、礼、春秋。二、选择1、史记的体例包含哪些（详细）纪传体：以为人物立传记的方式记述史实的体例。（1）本纪：记载历代最高统治者的政迹。（2）表：各个历史时期的大事记。是用清晰简明的表格，概括排列各个历史时期的人事。（3）书：关于天文、历法、经济、文化等方面的专史。礼书序乐书序（4）世家：先秦各诸侯国和汉代有功之臣的传记。是一些有爵位、俸禄可以世代相传的贵族之家的历史。主要包括三部分人：其一是春秋战国以来的各个诸侯国，它们是接受周天子的分封成为“世家”的。其二是汉代被封

6、为诸侯王的刘姓子侄。其三是被汉朝封为侯的开国功臣，如萧何、张良、陈平等。孔子世家、陈涉世家、外戚世家（5）列传：历代有影响的人物的传记。是记载各个时代不同阶层、不同类型的各种人物的历史。独（专）传、合传、类传。独传：只给一个人作传，如李斯列传。合传：给两个或两个以上的人作传，如屈原贾生列传、廉颇蔺相如列传等。类传：把某些相同类型的人物放在一起作传，如游侠列传、刺客列传、酷吏列传，通过叙述某一类型人物的所作所为，描绘出特定领域的总体风貌。2、区分：屈原的九歌东皇太一祭天神，东君祭日神，云中君祭云神，湘君、湘夫人皆祭湘水之神，大司命祭主寿命之神，少司命祭主子嗣之神，河伯祭河神，山鬼祭山神，国殇祭阵

7、亡将士之魂，礼魂为祭祀结束后的送神曲。从内容上看，九歌以描写恋情为主。湘君（作品选249 页）湘夫人（作品选251 页）首四句是第一段，总提湘夫人期约难遇、湘君哀愁顿生的情景。第二段十四句，都是写湘君在期约难遇后的追寻行为和心理活动。第三段十六句，铺叙湘君在水中装修新房以迎娶相夫人的情景。这是在失望与希望的交织中，从恍惚神志中生发出来的虚幻空间。最后六句是第四段，写湘君离开期约地点时的行为和心境。山鬼（作品选253 页）宋玉九辩九辩、风赋、高唐赋、神女赋、登徒子好色赋文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5

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15、也！萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰，憭栗兮若在远行，登山临水兮送将归。（宋玉九辩）三、名词解释1、神话：是古代人民以不自觉的艺术方式口头创作的神异故事，是对自然现象及社会生活的曲折反映和超现实的形象描述，表现了初民的原始理解力，是借助想象以征服自然并使之形象化的艺术结晶。2、风、雅、颂：十五国风，包括周南、召南、邶、鄘、卫、王、郑、齐、魏、唐、秦、陈、桧、曹、豳，共 160 篇。雅包括“大雅”31 篇、“小雅”74 篇，有诗 105 篇。颂：是宗庙祭祀之乐，分为“周颂”31 篇、“鲁颂”4 篇、“商颂”5 篇，有诗40 篇。3、“四家诗”：指今文的鲁、齐、韩三家诗和古文“毛诗”。秦火以后，诗经以其口耳相

16、传、易于记诵的特点，得以保存，在汉代流传甚广，出现了今文的鲁、齐、韩三家诗。三家诗在西汉被立为博士，成为官学。鲁诗出自鲁人申培，齐诗出自齐人辕固，韩诗出自燕人韩婴，三家诗兴盛一时。鲁人毛亨和赵人毛苌的古文“毛诗”晚出，在西汉虽未被立为学官，但在民间广泛传授，并最终压倒了三家诗，盛行于世。后来三家诗先后亡佚，今本诗经，就是“毛诗”。4、赋、比、兴：诗经中，赋是一种基本的表现手法，所谓“赋”，就是不借助其他的创作手法，伴随着强烈的情感，铺开有文采的词藻，直接陈述、叙事、刻划、描写或抒情。“比”，就是比喻和比拟。用形象的事物来打比方，使被比喻的事物生动形象，给人以真实感、形象感，增强诗的感染力量。兴

17、一般凭借自然界的事物，先起个头，然后借以联想，引出诗人内心感情的表现方法。多放在一首诗或一章诗的开头。5、甲骨卜辞：在兽骨龟甲上简略地记录了殷商王朝的占卜言辞，是我国现存最早的记言、记事文字，也是书面文学的萌芽。占卜时间及主持者（叙辞）、占卜的内容（命辞）、占卜的结果（占辞）、事情在事后的发展（验辞）。6、春秋：春秋是我国现存的第一部编年体史书。记事起于鲁隐公元年（前722 年），止于鲁哀公十四年（前481年）。内容上，考察政治的得失成败，总结兴亡治乱的教训。艺术特色：（1）叙事简明严谨（2）语言凝练含蓄7、春秋笔法：春秋的语言朴素而精确，极为简炼，孔子编春秋，将自己的政治思想见解等寄托其中，

18、作者的思想感情表现得很鲜明，一字之中寓有褒贬。8、春秋三传：春秋三传就是注释春秋的书,有左氏、公羊、谷梁三家,称为“春秋三传”。9、国语：是我国最早的一部国别体史书。记事上起于周穆王征犬戎（约前976 年），下止于韩、赵、魏灭智伯（前453 年），21 卷，分别记载周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、吴、越八国的史事，是各国史料的汇编，以记言为主。作者：左丘明（司马迁、班固、王充等持此种观点）10、尚书：我国最早的一部历史文献，也是我国第一部历史散文集。尚书 原称书，又称书经。包括虞书、夏书、商书、周书。尚书 在散文发展史上的地位及成就：（一）文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4

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22、S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N

23、9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6

24、N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J

25、6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3已经具有结构较为完整、单独成篇的文字。（二）记言生动传神，适当地运用了比喻、排比、对偶等修辞手法。11、战国策：记载东周、西周、秦、齐

26、、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山十二国的史实。主要分国记录战国时期策士游说各国诸侯时陈谋献策或互相辩论的言辞，所载上继国语下限，下至秦并六国之后，即从韩、赵、魏三家灭智伯开始，迄秦二世即位为止，245年间各国诸侯政治、军事、外交等重要史实。分国策、国事、短长、长书、事语、修书。西汉刘向33 篇12、老庄：老子和庄子是道家代表人物，因此常常二者并称。他们二者的思想有很多相似之处，比如人应该顺应自然，少求私欲等等.13、楚辞：楚辞一是诗体的名称，即战国后期以屈原为代表的楚国人创造的一种新体诗，其特征是“书楚语、作楚声，纪楚地，名楚物”，具有浓厚的地方色彩。一是总集名称，指西汉成帝时，刘向辑录屈原

27、、宋玉等人的作品及汉代人模拟之作而成的一部诗歌总集，名为 楚辞。14、骚体：因为屈原是楚辞的奠基者和主要代表作家，其代表作是离骚，所以后人又常以“骚”或“骚体”作为楚辞体文学的代称。15、刻石文：记载秦始皇的巡游封禅，采用四言韵文，浑朴庄严，气魄雄伟，对后世的碑铭文有影响。16、汉赋：汉赋分为骚体赋、散体赋（汉大赋）、和抒情小赋三类。骚体赋在内容上继承楚辞的怨刺传统，侧重抒发个人怀才不遇之情，在形式上模仿楚辞，追求句式整齐，在表现手法上，尚铺陈，借用楚辞“香草美人”式的比兴手法，但篇幅不太长，且富有抒情色彩。如贾谊吊屈原赋、司马迁悲士不遇赋。汉大赋（散体大赋），汉赋的主体。其体制特点是篇幅较长

28、，规模宏大。多采用主客问答的结构方式。韵散相间，散文成分较多，因此又称散体大赋。因善于铺陈，对事物作穷极声貌的描写，因此又称体物大赋。善用铺张的手法，富丽的辞藻描写事物，所描写的主要是京都、宫苑、山川等壮丽事物及声色犬马、畋猎驰逐等生活。代表作家有枚乘、司马相如、扬雄、班固和张衡。抒情小赋，内容上侧重于咏物和抒情，侧重于抒发愤世嫉俗和表现个人情志，形式上篇幅短小，不用问答体，通篇用韵文，文辞清丽。17、七发：枚乘所作，吴客说七事（音乐、饮食、车马、游观、畋猎、观涛、圣人要言妙道）以启发太子”。七发是在一个虚构的故事框架中以问答体展开的。七发脱离了楚辞的抒情特征，转化为以铺陈写物为中心的高度散文

29、化的文体。七发所铺陈的内容，从多方面开拓了文学的题材，这些题材在后来的赋作中得到进一步发挥。七发已经出现道德主题与审美主题的矛盾，出现“劝百讽一”的现象，这成为后来汉赋的基本特征。七发是标志汉大赋正式形成的第一篇作品。文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 H

30、W5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10

31、HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10

32、 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I1

33、0 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I

34、10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7

35、I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K

36、7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H318、史记：作者是西汉司马迁，史记是我国第一部以写人物为中心的纪传体的通史，记载了从传说中的黄帝到汉武帝太初年间约三千年的历史。52万字，130 篇，由 12本纪、10 表、8 书、30 世家、70列传五个部分组成。19、“太史公曰”及史记的史评方法：史记开创了史书的论赞和序论的体例，在每篇之末和书表之首，用“太史公曰”的形式，对历史人物或作集中分析，或抒发个人的感慨。“寓论断于叙事之中”的评论方法。寓论断于叙事之中是在叙述历史的过程中，把自己对所叙

37、人物、事件的态度、论点自然地流露出来。20、乐府，是音乐机构的名称。乐即音乐，府即官署。是指封建王朝设置的管理音乐的机关。汉哀帝：太予乐署、黄门鼓吹署。最初指主管音乐的官府。魏晋南北朝时期，把由乐府收集并配置乐曲可以演唱的诗歌称为乐府。21、班马：亦称“马班”。班马指的是汉代的两位著名历史学家的简称，“班”指班固，“马”指司马迁。司马迁写了我国第一部纪传体通史史记，班固写有断代史汉书，这两部著作是“前四史”之一。班马的创作对我国史学产生了深远的影响。22、古诗十九首：产生于东汉桓、灵时期，是一组无主名的文人五言抒情诗。最早著录于萧统文选。内容多为游子思妇题材，写离愁别绪和仕途失意，情调感伤。作

38、者不是一人，多是中下层失意的知识分子，作品非一时一地之作。代表了汉代文人五言诗的最高成就。四、简答题1、左传思想倾向第一，鲜明的民本思想第二，隆礼思想强调以礼乐为核心的德政第三，用历史发展的观点看待社会变革第四，儒家道德观为核心的价值标准艺术成就第一，长于叙事。先秦散文“叙事之最”，标志着我国叙事散文的成熟。主要特点是简洁生动，工巧严谨。（1）在情节构造上，善于通过文学性剪裁，把历史事件情节化、故事化。（2）叙事手法丰富多彩，运用了顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、预叙等手法。第二，善于描写战争。第三，注意在叙事中写人，刻画了一批个性鲜明、血肉丰满的人物形象。文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A

39、10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5

40、A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW

41、5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 H

42、W5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10

43、HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10

44、 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I1

45、0 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3第四，善于记述行人辞令。2、国语文学成就第一，从叙事角度说，它突破了史的发展线索的约束，而以事件作为基本的结构单元，

46、为了突出言论而写事。第二，情节的细微化。第三，语言平实自然，明白流畅，富于生活气息。3、战国策思想倾向：主要体现了纵横家思想。（1）反映在政治观上，主要为崇尚计谋策略，尊奉机巧权变。（2）表现在人生观上，宣扬争利求名的人生哲学。（3）民本思想。（4）明显的“贵士”的倾向。艺术成就（1）刻画了一批栩栩如生的人物形象，注意表现其性格特征和内心世界，血肉丰满，形神兼备。打破编年限制，以人物游说活动为中心，并以此统率记言、叙事，安排情节结构，描写人物，开了人物传记的先河。（2）叙事生动曲折，善于夸张渲染，带有传奇色彩。（3）语言辩丽恣肆、放言无忌。追求铺张夸饰，文笔酣畅淋漓、纵横驰骋、富于变化，往往以

47、气势和辞采取胜，表现出典型的纵横家文风。（4）善于运用比喻和寓言说理，语言通俗浅显。巧于比喻、善用寓言和博引史事。4、孟子的艺术成就（1）善于论辩，纯熟老练的论辩技巧。（2）感情充沛，气盛强劲，个性鲜明。（3）善用比喻和寓言故事说理，深入浅出，精彩传神。（4）语言通俗自然、明快畅达、精练准确。5、庄子的主要思想：文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7

48、I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K

49、7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7

50、K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H7K7I10 HW5A10J6N9S4 ZI10W5Q5T4H3文档编码:CB8X6H