国际贸易复习资料要点080603.pdf

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1、国际贸易复习要点080610 1.国际贸易中的常用术语P5 总贸易体制与专门贸易体制国际贸易额与国际贸易量贸易差额贸易结构2.不同贸易时期对外贸易的主要商品P12-21 原始社会末期奴隶社会初期：奴隶、奢侈品封建社会：奢侈品资本主义生产方式准备时期：奢侈品、工业原料和食品、血腥的奴隶贸易资本主义自由竞争时期：大宗商品降低、纺织品上升；粮食、煤炭、钢铁、农业原料、机器及运输材料等有所增加期货交易开始出现资本主义垄断前期：原料和制成品贸易量稳定增长地理格局多元化当代国际贸易：国际服务贸易、国际技术贸易3.当代国际贸易的新方式P23 国际商品贸易与国际投资相结合（BOT方式国际工程承包模式；三来一补

2、）国际贸易信息化4.当代国际贸易的新问题P26-32 包括 7 个主要领域5.计算：由 CFR与 CIF 术语的换算关系可以得到：CFR价=CIF 价（1 一投保加成保险费率）=1200（1-10%0.8%）=1199 6.国际生产折衷理论认为企业要从事对外直接投资必须同时具备下列优势：所有权优势内部化优势区位优势7.六种经济一体化形式按照一体化程度从高到低顺序是：完全经济一体化、经济同盟、共同市场、关税同盟、自由贸易区、优惠贸易安排。8.国际贸易相关理论：比较优势决定贸易理论 绝对优势理论、比较优势理论、相互需求理论、均衡价格决定论、生产要素禀赋理论、里昂惕夫之谜 规模经济决定贸易理论 学习

3、曲线、差异产品贸易理论、相互倾销贸易理论、产业内贸易理论 需求决定国际贸易理论 需求偏好差异国际贸易理论、重叠需求国际贸易理论、恩格尔定律 要素变动条件下的国际贸易理论 罗泊津斯基定理、文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X

4、6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编

5、码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B

6、3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D

7、9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10

8、K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2

9、L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK

10、1Z3H2X6I9产品生命周期贸易理论、国际生产折中理论 9.关税及其特点、分类P207 10.“乌拉圭回合”及纺织品与服装协议“乌拉圭回合”相关内容纺织品与服装协议取消配额时间2005 年 1 月 1日11.国际贸易术语 DDU贸易术语是卖方在指定目的地将货物交给买方，卖方须承担货物运至目的地的一切费用和风险的一种贸易术语，既然运输及其途中风险由卖方负责，那么卖方在货物交付运输前不必预先通知买方交运时间。FOB船上交货（指定装运港）是当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交货。这意味着买方必须从该点起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或

11、内河运输。如当事各方无意越过船舷交货，则应使用FCA术语。FOB=1-退税率/(1+增值税率)*人民币含税价/汇率这个程序算出来的只是一个成本价，也就是只考虑了产品的价值,没有考虑工厂到港口的运费、港口的杂费用、交易费用等其他费用；如果您是外贸企业，本程序也没有考虑利润。文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2

12、X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档

13、编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2

14、B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1

15、D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG1

16、0K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A

17、2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 Z

18、K1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9 CFR COST AND FREIGHT（named port of destination）-成本加运费（指定目的港）是指卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内,在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上,负担货物越过船舷为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险,并负责租船或订舱,支付抵达目的港的正常运费。CPT指“运费付至（指定地点）”，CPT 贸易术语是指卖方向其指定的承运人交货，但卖方还必须支付将货物运至目的地的运费。FCA“货交承运人（指定地点）”是指卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给买方指定的承运人

19、，并办理了出口清关手续，即完成交货。需要说明的是，交货地点的选择对于在该地点装货和卸货的义务会产生影响。若卖方在其所在地交货，则卖方应负责装货，若卖方在任何其他地点交货，卖方不负责卸货。该术语可用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。12.原产地规则协议原产地规则协议适用于所有非优惠性商业政策措施，而不是关于关税优惠（普惠制）保证的原产地规则，保证这些规则本身不构成不必要的贸易壁垒。13.国际发展援助的正确认识A：其它官方资金中的赠与成分也应不低于25%；B：联合国发展系统多以赠款方式提供无偿技术援助；国文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY

20、2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T

21、1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG

22、10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3

23、A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10

24、ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H

25、2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文

26、档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9际金融机构及其它多边机构多以优惠贷款方式提供财政援助；C：双边援助占对外援助的主导地位；D官方发展援助的赠与成分是根据贷款利率、偿还期、宽限期、收益率等计算出来的一种衡量贷款优惠程度的终合性指标；14.国际避税和国际逃税A：国际避税公开合法，国际逃税隐蔽非法，二者截

27、然不同；B：国际逃税可由有关国家根据其国内税法或税收协定的规定，依法进行补税和加处罚金，以示惩罚；C对于避税人无法也不可能进行处理；D同一行为，在A国是合法的，在B国可能就是非法的。E：国际避税是由于各国税法上的漏洞和各国税法之间的差别引起，国际逃税不是。15.我国进口商品战略的战略内容。根据“十五”计划发展国民经济和产业结构调整的需要，我国对进口商品结构作如下规划：（1）积极引进先进技术和关键设备。引进先进技术和关键设备的重点包括：确保电子信息等先导产业发展所需技术设备的引进，确保能源、交通等基础设施建设所需技术设备的引进，确保传统产业技术改造所需技术设备的引进和确保文档编码:CY2B3N6

28、T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 H

29、G10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J

30、3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10

31、 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3

32、H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9

33、文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:C

34、Y2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9我国农业现代化所需技术设备的引进。（2）确保重要资源的进口；以保证重点建设的顺利进行（3）重视加工贸易物资的进口；这是促进国民经济综合平衡的重要措施，发展加工贸易有效地促进了我国对外贸易稳定、

35、持续的发展，加工贸易可以创造大量的就业机会（4）扩大生活必需品与一般消费品的进口；扩大消费品进口，能更好地满足国内不同层次的消费需求，消费物资的进口，一方面保证某些消费品的进口，另一方面要根据生产需求，进口一般消费品。16.简述共同海损和单独海损的区别共同海损的成立应具备以下条件：第一，船方在采取措施时，必须确有危及船、货共同安全的危险存在；第二，船方所采取的措施必须是有意的、合理的；第三，所做出的牺牲或支出的费用必须是非常性质的；第四，构成共同海损的牺牲和费用支出必须是有效的；共同海损牺牲和费用应该由船舶、货物和运费三方共同按最后获救的价值的比例分摊；而单独海损是指货物受损后，未达到全损程度

36、，而是单独一方的利益受损并只能由该利益所有者单独负担的一种部分损失。17.促进出口的各项措施文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档

37、编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2

38、B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1

39、D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG1

40、0K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A

41、2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 Z

42、K1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9（1）明确政府职责，改善对外贸易环境（2）建立和加强促进出口的组织（3）扶植

43、和奖励出口企业（4）利用金融措施促进出口（设立专门的金融机构、出口信贷国家担保制）（5）借助倾销促进出口（商品倾销、外汇倾销）（6）设立专门的市场调研机关，向出口企业提供信息服务18.几个名词术语出口退税：是指将出口货物在国内生产和流通领域过程中缴纳的间接税退还给出口企业，使出口商品以不含税的价格进入国际市场。外汇倾销：是指通过本国货币对外贬值的办法，降低外国货币所表示的出口商品价格，提高价格竞争能力，扩大出口，同时以本币表示的外国商品价格也相应提高，因此它同时还具有抑制进口的作用。汇票贴现：在国际市场上，一张远期汇票的持有人如想在付款人付款前取得票款，可以经过背书将汇票转让给贴现的银行或金融

44、公司，由它们将扣除一定的贴现利息后的票款付给汇票持有人，这种做法叫贴现。19.EDI 及相关内容EDI 的定义、发展和模块组成内容文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3

45、A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10

46、ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H

47、2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文

48、档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY

49、2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T

50、1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I9文档编码:CY2B3N6T1D9 HG10K8J3A2L10 ZK1Z3H2X6I920.GATT 及 WTO GATT主