2021年心理咨询师二级历年真题问答题与答案.pdf

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1、二级历年全真问答题型及答题要点出题主要章节：1.心理诊断技能（较多）2.变态心理学（少）2.心理咨询技能（最多）（一）心理诊断一、该求助者的诊断是什么？诊断依据是什么？（每次必考题）答题要点：（一）下诊断：答题原则：先重后轻，先粗后细1是否精神病性障碍、神经症性障碍、强迫症（恐怖症）2心理正常、心理不健康、严重心理问题、一般心理问题。（二）诊断依据：1根据区分心理正常与异常的心理学原则，确实是否精神病（障碍）。2心理问题是否由现实刺激引起。3心理问题有无泛化。4社会功能是否受损害。5病程时间短，近两个月。6是否由躯体疾病所引起。如果是神经症，要用许又新的评分标准。例：2010 年 5 月心理咨

2、询师三级案例问答题第一题：对该求助者作出初步诊断并说明依据。答：初步诊断：严重心理问题。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 1 页，共 24 页诊断依据：1排除精神病，按区分心理正常与异常的三项心理学原则，该求助者主客观世界统一，精神活动内在协调一致，人格（个性）相对稳定，说明该求助者不属于精神病。2症状表现：主要心理症状是：内心痛苦、情绪低落、后悔、心烦、气愤、苦恼、发脾气、兴趣下降。主要躯体症状是：入睡困难、头昏脑胀、食欲下降、体重下降。3症状由事业问题引起，属于强烈现实刺激。4精神负担重，存在内心痛苦，但由于现实性冲突所引起。5病程：症状近半年。6严重程度：

3、求助者的症状影响了社会功能，有泛化、回避出现。7症状不是由躯体疾病所致。二、对求助者身心和社会功能进行整理。答题要点：本题实际上是对其症状分类，要从以下三个方面：（1）精神状态：如兴趣下降，委屈，情绪低落；（2）生理功能状况或生理功能改变：如睡眠不好，多梦等；（3）社会功能状态：如工作效率低，不能按要求完成领导交给的任务等。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 2 页，共 24 页文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T1

4、0D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1

5、H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J

6、4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5

7、T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3

8、V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W

9、5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3

10、Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2例：2008 年 5 月心理咨询师三级案例问答题第一题请对该求助者目前的精神状态、身体和社会功能状态进行整理。答：精神状态：情绪低落，内心痛苦、焦虑、整日没精打采、闷闷不乐，觉得自己没有希望，记忆力大不如前。身体状态：头昏、头痛、晚上入睡困难、全身疲惫不堪。社会功能状态：学习效率下降，已无法上学。三、该求助者的主要症状是什么？答题要点：主要从以下个方面分析：（1）认知：如灾难化认知、消极认知；（2）情感：如情绪低落、痛苦后悔；（3）行为：如交往减少

11、，急躁发脾气；（4）生理：如睡眠困难、食欲下降；（5）社会功能：如工作效率降低、容易出差错、交往减少。四、在对该求助者进行心理咨询时，如何确定谈话的内容和范围?答题要点：见新版三级技能P4-5。1 求助者主动提出的求助内容。2.心理咨询师在初诊接待中观察到的疑点。3.心理咨询师可以依据心理测评结果的初步分析发现问题。4.上级心理咨询师为进一步诊断而下达的谈话目标。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 3 页，共 24 页文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8

12、A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:

13、CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2

14、HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 Z

15、J8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编

16、码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R

17、2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8

18、 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2五、心理咨询师尚应收集该求助者哪些方面的资料？答题要点：应搜集的资料共种，见新版三级技能 P15-17，根据案例要求回答。六、该求助者产生心理问题的原因是什么？答题要点：（一）生物学原因（二）社会性原因：环境因素、家庭教育、负性生活事件的影响、社会支持系统等。（三）心理学原因：存在错误认知、情绪方面、行为模式、个性特征。七、在咨询中应避免出现的不恰当的提问方式是什么？答题要点：新版三级技能P12-13.1.避

19、免提问“为什么”的问题。2.免多重选择性问题。3.避免多重问题。4.避免修饰性反问。5.避免责备性问题。6.避免解释性问题。八、与该求助者进行谈话时，对会谈内容的选择应把握什么原则?答题要点：新版三级技能P13.1.可接受：适合求助者的接受能力，符合求助者的兴趣。2.有效：对求助者的病因有直接或间接的针对性；对求助者的个性发展或矫正起关键作用；对深入探索求助者的深层病因有意义；.对求精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 4 页，共 24 页文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3

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23、X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A

24、1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:C

25、Q3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 H

26、Z3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2助者症状的鉴别诊断有意义；对帮助求助者改善认知和正确理解问题有帮助。3.积极：对改变求助者的态度有积极作用。九、与该求助者进行摄入性谈话时，要注意些什么?答题要点：新版三级技能P13-14.1.心理咨询师的态度必须保持中性。2.提问中避免失误。3.心理咨询师在摄入性谈话中，除提问和引导性语言之外，不能讲任何题外话。4.不能用指责、批判性语言阻止或转移该求助者的谈话内容。5.在摄入性谈话后不

27、应给出绝对性的结论。6.结束语要诚恳、客气，不能用生硬的话做结束话，以免引起求助者的误解。十、对该求助者需做哪些鉴别诊断？答题要点：与其他类型的心理问题相区别，如案例诊断的严重心理问题，则答：（1）与精神疾病相鉴别；（2）与神经症鉴别（3）与严重心理问题相鉴别（4）与一般心理问题鉴别（5）与躯体疾病鉴别，排除躯体疾病。精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 5 页，共 24 页文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4

28、R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B

29、8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2

30、文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10

31、D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H

32、6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4

33、R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T

34、10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2例：2009 年 11 月心理咨询师二级技能真题问答题第一题对该求助者应进行哪些鉴别诊断？答：1.与神经疾病（障碍）相鉴别，根据区分心理正常与异常的心理学原则，可以排除精神疾病（障碍）。2.与抑郁性神经症相鉴别。抑郁性神经症主要表现兴趣下降或消失，情绪低落等症状，且病程两年以上。而本案例中，求助者虽然出现了兴趣下降及情绪低落，但病程持续时间半年，因此可排除抑郁性神经症。3.与躯体疾病相鉴别。求助者虽然出现下身瘙痒等躯体症状，但经多次检查，均未发现明显异常

35、，因此可以排除躯体疾病。（二）变态心理学十一、在本案中，求助者面临的压力按强度应如何分类？例：2008 年 11 月心理咨询师二级技能真题第三题。（1）一般单一性生活压力（2）叠加性压力，又分为同时性叠加压力和继时行叠加压力（3）破坏性压力十二、灾难综合征的阶段及其特点是什么？例：2008 年 11 月心理咨询师二级技能真题第四题（1）惊吓期。在这一阶段里，受害者对创伤和灾难丧失知觉，就像通常所说的“失魂落魄”的状态，事情过后，往往对事件不能回忆。（2）恢复期。在恢复期中，受害者才出现焦虑、紧张、失眠、注意力下降等，这与通常所说的“后怕”相仿。在此期间，受害者常常逢人精品w o r d 学习资

36、料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 6 页，共 24 页文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V

37、1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5

38、J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z

39、5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X

40、3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1

41、W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ

42、3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2便诉说自己的遭遇，正像电影“祝福”中的祥林嫂的表现。（3）康复期。在康复之后，心理重新达到平衡。十三、急性应激障碍与创伤后应激障碍应如何鉴定？例：2008 年 11 月心理咨询师二级技能真题第五题（1）急

43、性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍的区别在于症状的持续时间以及症状与创伤事件的短暂联系。（2）急性应激障碍以急剧、严重的精神打击作为直接原因，表现有强烈情绪体验的精神运动性兴奋，行为有一定盲目性；或者为精神运动性抑制，甚至木僵。在受刺激后数分钟或数小时发病，病程短暂，一般持续数小时至1 周，通常在 1 个月内缓解。（3）创伤后应激障碍也称延迟性应激障碍，指由异乎寻常的强烈的或灾难性心理创伤事件导致延迟出现和长期持续的精神障碍。其精神障碍主要表现为：1.反复出现创伤性体验；2.持续的警觉性增高；3.面临类似灾难境遇可感到痛苦；4.对创伤性经历选择性遗忘。（三）心理咨询技能十四、在咨询时，怎样和求助者建立

44、良好的咨询关系？答题要点：见新版三级技能P52-67。良好的咨询关系是开展心理咨询的前提条件；良好的咨询关系是咨询达到理想咨询效果的先决条件，因此，建立良好的咨询关系是心理咨精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第 7 页，共 24 页文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:C

45、Q3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 H

46、Z3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ

47、8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码:CQ3Z5T10D4R2 HZ3X3V1H6B8 ZJ8A1W5J4R2文档编码

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