2022年GIS算法原理知识点总结 .pdf

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1、GIS 算法原理知识点总结算法设计和分析：1、算法设计的原则：正确性：若一个算法本身有缺陷，那么它将不会解决问题；确定性：指每个步骤必须含义明确，对每种可能性都有确定的操作。清晰性：一个良好的算法，必须思路清晰，结构合理。2、算法的复杂性包括：时间复杂性和空间复杂性。3、时间复杂性：用一个与问题相关的整数量来衡量问题的大小，该整数量表示输入数据量的尺度，称为问题的规模。利用某算法处理一个问题规模为n的输入所需要的时间，称为该算法的时间复杂性。4、算法的概念：算法是完成特定任务的有限指令集。所有的算法必须满足下面的标准：输入输出明确性有限性有效性GIS 算法的计算几何基础1、理解矢量的概念：如果

2、一条线段的端点是有次序之分的,我们把这种线段称为有向线段(directed segment)。如果有向线段 p1p2 的起点 P1在坐标原点，我们可以把它称为矢量P2。5.矢量叉积：计算矢量叉积是直线和线段相关算法的核心部分。设矢量 P=（x1,y1），Q=（x2,y2）,则矢量叉积定义为（0,0）、p1、p2和 p1p2 所组成的平行四边形的带符号的面积，即 PQ=x1 y2-x2 y1，其结果是个标量。显然有性质PQ=-（QP）和 P-Q=-（P Q）。P X Q0,则 P 在 Q 的顺时针方向；Op1p2P X Q0,则 P Q共线，但可能同向也可能反向。6、判断线段的拐向：折线段的拐向

3、判断方法，可以直接由矢量叉积的性质推出，对于有公共端点的线段p0p1和 P1P2，通过计算（p2-p0）(P1-p0)的符号便可以给出折线段的拐向。理解矢量的概念通过矢量差积的方法就可以判断的拐向了。7.判断点是否在线段上：设点为 Q，线段为 P1 P2：(Q-P1)X(P2-P1)=0且 Q在以 P1，P2为对角顶点的矩形内。前者抱走点在直线上，后者保证点不在线段延长线或反向延长线上。8、判断两线段是否相交（算法一）：快速排斥实验：设以线段 P1P2为对角线的矩形为 R，设以线段 Q1Q2 为对角的矩形为 T，如果 R 和 T 不相交，显然两线段不会相交p0p1p2p0p1p2p0p1p2基

4、（p2-p0）(P1-p0)0，则 P0P1在 P1 点拐向右侧后得到P1P2文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K

5、3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10

6、O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3

7、I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2

8、Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7

9、M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q

10、2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3文档编码:CI8K3G3P10O2 HH3I9V1N2Q5 ZF7M2W10Q2W3跨立实验：如果两线段相交，则两线段必然相互跨立对方。若 p1p2跨立 Q1Q2，则矢量（P

11、1-Q1）和（P2-Q2）位于矢量（Q2-Q1）的两侧，则（P1-Q1）（Q2-Q1）（P2-Q1）（Q2-Q1）0。当（P1-Q1）（Q2-Q1）=0 时，说明（P1-Q1）（Q2-Q1）共线，但是因为已经通过快速排斥实验，所以 P1 一定在线段 Q1Q2上；同理（Q2-Q1）（P2-Q1）=0 说明 P2 一定在线段 Q1Q2 上。所以判断 P1P2跨立 Q1Q2 的依据是：（P1-Q1）（Q2-Q1）（Q2-Q1）（P2-Q1 0。同理判断 Q1Q2跨立 P1P2的依据是（Q1-P1）（P2-P1）（P2-P1）（Q2-P1）0。注意在进行“跨立判断”的时候是进行两次跨立判断9.判断矩形

12、内是否包含点：只要判断该店的横坐标和纵坐标是否都夹在矩形的左右边和上下边之间。10.判断线段、折线、多边形是否在矩形中：因为矩形是个凸集，所以只要判断所有端点都在矩形就行了。11.判断矩形是否在矩形中：只要比较左右边界和上下边界就行了。12.判断圆是否在矩形中：圆心在矩形中且圆的半径小于或等于圆心到矩形四边的距离的最小值。13.判断点是否在多边形内：1)射线法：一条射线从点P 开始，穿过多边形的边界的次数称为交点数目。当交点数目是偶数时，点P在多边形外部；否则，为奇数时，在多边形内部。文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H

13、1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM

14、4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10

15、G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 Z

16、B5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L

17、8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文

18、档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX

19、3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9射线法要考虑几种特殊的情况，并且射线法适用于凸多边形2)转角法：多边形环绕点P 的次数称为环绕数，环绕数为0 时，点 P 在多边形外部，否则在多边形内部。14.判断线段是否在多边形内：（折线是判断它的每条线段）条件一：线段的两个端点都在多边形内条件二：线段和多边形的所有边都不内

20、交。15.判断多边形否在多边形内：只要判断多边形的每条边是否都在多边形内即可。判断有m 个顶点的多边形是否在一个有 n 个顶点的多边形内的复杂度为O(mXn)16.判断矩形是否在多边形内：将矩形转化为多边形，然后再判断是否在多边形内。17.判断圆是否在多边形内：计算圆心到多边形每条变边的最短距离，若该距离大于或等于圆半径，则该圆在多边形内。18.判断点是否在圆内：计算圆心到该点的距离，若小于或等于半径，则该点在圆内。19.判断线段、折线、矩形、多边形是否在圆内：因为圆是凸集，所以只要判断是否每个顶点都在圆内即可。20.判断圆是否在圆内：设两圆为 O1,O2,半径为 r1,r2。先比较 r1,r

21、2 的大小，若 r1矢转换为拓扑转换，即保持实体原有的连通性、邻接性等；2）转换实体保持正确的外形。（二）方法方法一，实际应用中大多数采用人工矢量化法，如扫描矢量化，该法工作量大，成为 GIS 数据输入、更新的瓶颈问题之一。方法二，程序转化转换（全自动或半自动）过程为：1、边界提取 2、二值化3、二值图像的预处理4、细化:1）剥皮法 2)骨架法 5、跟踪6、拓扑化6.”矢量点”转栅格实例：文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4

22、H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G

23、6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB

24、5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8

25、S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档

26、编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3

27、E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1

28、G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4

29、H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G

30、6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB

31、5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8

32、S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档

33、编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3

34、E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1

35、G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L96.矢量数据的压缩：矢量数据的压缩包括两个方面的内容，一是在不扰乱拓扑关系的前提下，对采样点数据进行合理的抽稀。二是对矢量坐标数据重新进行编码，以减少所需要的存储空间。1）间隔取点法：每隔 K 个点取一点，或舍去那些比规定距离更近的点，首末点一定要保留。2）垂距法：临界值隔点法临界值法文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编

36、码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E

37、8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G

38、7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H

39、6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6

40、K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5

41、L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S

42、9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L93）光栅法：限差原始曲线对点 2 测试距离大于规定的限差点 2 保留对点 3 测试距离小于规定的限差3 点舍去，化简结果2342342342341111124p1PnP4P3P2aad/2d/2c1c2bb文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G

43、6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB

44、5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8

45、S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档

46、编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3

47、E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1

48、G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4

49、H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L9文档编码:CX3E8I7H1G7 HM4H6G10G6K6 ZB5L10L8S9L94）道格拉斯 普克法：2、若 p3 点在扇形内，则舍去p2 点。然后连接 p1 和 p3，过 p3 作 p1p1 的垂线，该垂线与前面定义的扇形边交于c1 和 c2。在垂线上找到 b1 和 b2 点，使 p3b1p3b2d2，若 b1或 b2 点(图 4-4-3 中为 b2 点)落在原扇形外面，则用 c1 或 c2 取代(图 4-4-3 中由 c2 取代 b2)。此时用 p1b1 和

50、p1c2 定义一个新的扇形，这当然是口径(b1c2)缩小了的“光栏”。3、检查下一节点，若该点在新扇形内，则重复第(2)步；直到发现有一个节点在最新定义的扇形外为止。4、当发现在扇形外的节点，如图4-4-3 中的 p4，此时保留 p3 点，以 p3 作为新起点，重复1 3。如此继续下去，直到整个点列检测完为止。所有被保留的节点(含首、末点)，顺序地构成了简化后的新点列。光栏法的基本思想是(上图)：定义一个扇形区域，通过判断曲线上的点在扇形外还是在扇形内，确定保留还是舍去。设曲线上的点列为pi，i1，2，n，光栏口经为 d，可根据压缩量的大小自己定义，则光栏法的实施步骤可描述为：1、连接 p1