对外1英美文学史2复习材料.doc
( 4.5 )《对外1英美文学史2复习材料.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《对外1英美文学史2复习材料.doc（22页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、20132014学年第二学期英语文学作品选读2考试大纲1. 了解熟悉英国20世纪及美国各时期文学特点、代表作家、代表作品及作品概要。2. 重点掌握以下几部作品,包括作家/诗人写作特点，创作理念，作品内容及赏析，人物特点等等： 1) Walt Whitman & “Song of Myself” 2) Nathaniel Hawthorne & The Scarlet Letter 3) Jack London & Martin Eden 4) Ezra Pound & “In a Station of the Metro” 5) Robert Frost & “The Road Not Tak
2、en”, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”3. 名词解释：1) American Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. Americas literary naturalists dismissed the va
3、lidity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. In presenting the extremes of life, the naturalists sometimes displayed an affinity to the s
4、ensationalism of early romanticism, but unlike their romantic predecessors, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. Althou
5、gh naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.2) Black humour: Also known as Black Comedy, writing that places grotesque elements side by side with humorous ones in an attempt to shock the reader, forc
6、ing him or her to laugh at the horrifying reality of a disordered world.3) Free verse: Free verse is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and uns
7、tressed syllables as stricter verse form do, free verse does so in a looser way. Whitmans poetry is an example of free verse at its most impressive.4). Imagism : A literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century in reaction against Victorian sentimentalism that adv
8、ocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images.5) Local colorism： Local colorism or Regionalism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early 70s in America. It may be defined as the careful display in speech, dress or behavior peculiar to a geo
9、graphical locality. The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside. The social and intellectual climate of the country provided a stimulating milieu for the growth of local color fiction in Amer
10、ica. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. They formed an important part of the realistic movement. Although it lost it
11、s momentum toward the end of the 19th century, the local spirit continued to inspire and fertilize the imagination of author. 6) Meter: It is measured in units called feet. It is any form of poetic rhythm, determined by the type and number of feet in a line or in a passage of verse. The analysis of
12、the meter is called scansion.7) Modernism: Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century. It was made up of many facets, such as Symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, and futurism. The modernists consciously
13、 and actively rejected the established rules, traditions and conventions to show their dissatisfaction and disappointment about the realistic society. 8) Oxymoron: A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms. An oxymoron suggests a paradox, but it does so very briefly,
14、usually in two or three words, such as “living death,” “dear enemy,” “sweet sorrow,” and “wise fool.”9) Puritanism : Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church. The first settlers who became the founding father
15、s of the American nation were quite a few of them. They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin a
16、nd total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind. American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature.10) Transcendentalism : the emergence of the Tr
17、anscendentalists as an identifiable movement took place during the late 1820s and 1830s, but the roots of their religious philosophy extended much farther back into American religious history. Transcendentalism and evangelical Protestantism followed separate evolutionary branches from American Purit
18、anism, taking as their common ancestor the Calvinism of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe. They stressed the importance of the individual. To them
19、, the individual was the most important element of society. They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was, to them, alive, filled with Gods overwhelming presence. Transcendentalism is based on the belief that the most fundamental truths about life and death c
20、an be reached only by going beyond the world of the senses. Emersons Nature has been called the “Manifesto of American Transcendentalism” and his The American Scholar has been rightly regarded as Americas “Declaration of Intellectual.1. It stressed the power of intuition, believing that people could
21、 learn things both from the outside world by means of the five senses and from the inner world by intuition. It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God. All things in nature were symbols of the spiritual, of Gods presence. It emphasized the significance of the individual and believed that the indiv
22、idual was the most important element in society and that the ideal kind of individual was self-reliant and unselfish. Transcendentalists envisioned religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”.期末试卷题型1. Multiple choice 20%2. True or false 10%3. Define
23、 the following terms 30%4. Poem appreciation and segment reading 20%5. Comments 20%二、 知识点1、了解英国维多利亚时期及20世纪文学特点及代表作家、代表作；a. English critical realism: critical realism was the main current in English novel in the middle of the 19the centuryb. flourished in the forties and in the early fiftiesc. The cr
24、itical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.d. The English critical realists of the 19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling cla
- 配套讲稿：
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标，表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制：
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片，仅作为作品整体效果示例展示，禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词：
- 对外 文学史 复习 材料
淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
限制150内