构词法优秀PPT.ppt

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1、 Word formation 构词法1.了解五种常见的构词法2.快速有效记忆单词，扩大词汇量，对正确运用单词词性和词形有很大帮助2.揣测语境中生词的语义，有利于提高阅读理解实力1.1.派生法（派生法（DerivationDerivation）在词根在词根(root)前加前缀前加前缀(prefix)或在词根后加后缀或在词根后加后缀(suffix)，构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法派生法。un-dis-in-im-mis-non-understand politesmokeragreefairvisible possibl

2、e stopluckyleadappearcorrectsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibuspostwar,post-readingforetell,forecastsemicircle,semi-finalantiwar,antiknock,anti-gasunderground,underdeveloprebuild,remarry,rereadsubway,subtitle,international,internetencourage,enlargeco-worker,cooperatepost(之后之后)super-（超级）（超级）mini-（微

3、小）（微小）fore-(前，预先前，预先)semi-(半，部分半，部分)anti-(阻挡，抗阻挡，抗)under-(在在下下/中），中），动动脑：找出下列单词中的前缀，并探讨前缀所含意义re-再；又再；又sub-下面的；次；小下面的；次；小inter-相互相互en-使使动词前缀动词前缀co-共同共同常见的后缀常见的后缀-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -ese-hood -ion -ly -ous -ful -able -ence -al -less -ern -en -ive -ed-ing survive,educate,develop,visit,move,sa

4、tisfy,teach,sail,piano,art,child,differ brother,act,solute,conclude,east,possible,sincere,danger,color,use,value,surprise,culture,nation,fright,china2.合成法(Compounding)英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。合成法。blackboard spaceshipweekend man-madefir

5、st-classEnglish-speakinggroup purchasingant-like graduatesleftover ladies3.3.转化法转化法（Conversion）把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法转化法.1.He is a man of strong build.2.Have you booked the ticket?3.When someone has hurt you,calm yourself first.4.She nursed her husband back to health.Dont tr

6、ouble trouble until trouble troubles you.谚语麻烦没来找你，别自找麻烦。4.混成法 Blending将两个将两个词词混合或各取一部分混合或各取一部分紧缩紧缩而成一个新而成一个新词词，前半部分表属性，后半部分表主体。前半部分表属性，后半部分表主体。news+broadcast newscast smoke+fog smog helicopter+heliportmotor+hotel motel +brunch +botel 新闻广播烟雾直升飞机场汽车旅馆lunchbreakfast早午餐boat hotel airport 水上旅馆水上旅馆5.缩略法缩略

7、法（Abbreviation）将将单词缩单词缩写，写，词义词义和和词词性保持不性保持不变变，主要有截，主要有截头头、去尾、截去尾、截头头去尾等形式去尾等形式,又叫截短法。又叫截短法。1.截截头头telephone airplane 2.去尾去尾mathematics examination kilogram laboratory taxicab 3.截截头头去尾去尾influenza refrigerator phoneplanemathsexam kilolabtaxi/cabflufridgeIOCVOAWWWNBACCTVVoice of AmericaWorld Wide WebNat

8、ional Basketball AssociationInternational Olympic Committee China Central Television1.For them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的生死攸关的 2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity.Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.实事求是，脚踏实地实事求是，脚踏

9、实地 3.Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifters,who always take away things from the shop without paying for them A.A.商店里的小偷商店里的小偷 C C老客户老客户 B.B.推销员推销员 D D搬运工搬运工A4.It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him.Thus so

10、meone who says that“she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.Giving a wrong description of 英语构词法主要有派生法英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三、合成法和转化法三种。种。从近几年的广东高考题来看，阅读理从近几年的广东高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，娴熟驾驭考纲词汇

11、考纲外的生词。因此，娴熟驾驭考纲词汇和驾驭常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突和驾驭常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。破了。语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条：其中主要涉及到以下三条：1.在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语,用用副词；副词；2.在句中作定语、表语或补语在句中作定语、表语或补语,一般用形一般用形容词；容词；3.作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语,用用名词。名词。1.He must be 20 (mental)d

12、isabled.解析解析：修饰分词形容词：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，作状语，用副词形式，故填用副词形式，故填mentally。2.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled 34(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.解析：解析：修饰谓语动词修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副，作状语，用副词形式，故填词形式，故填warmly。近年广东高考真题：近年广东高考真题：3.But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _(ch

13、oose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.解析解析:在在that引导的宾语从句中作主语引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词应当用名词,或者说或者说,在形容词性物主在形容词性物主代词后代词后,确定是用名词形式确定是用名词形式,故填故填choice。4.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 _(nature)course.解析：解析：在名词在名词course前作定语前作定语,要用形容词要用形容词,故填故填natural。5.We drank together and talk

14、ed 38 _(merry)till far into the night.解析：解析：修饰谓语动词修饰谓语动词talked,作状语作状语,应用应用副词副词,故填故填merrily。1.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time._(fortunate),I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.2.Therefore,when they become older they are _(able)to do any other kind of work.一、单句填空一、单句填空unable unfortun

15、ately3.Very early the next morning,amazingly,we got completely satisfied in a totally _(expect)way.4.I wont do the purchase because the price of this dress is _(reason).unreasonable unexpected5.Job _(apply)need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the sa

16、me time.6.All facts are the source of _(conclude).conclusionsapplicants7.However,most _(science)agree that EQ has a lot to do with _(educate).8.Excellent oral and written _(communicate)skills in Chinese and English are of _(important).importancescientistseducationcommunication9.Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _(require).10.It is your _(free)to do what you want after class.freedom requirementThank you!