大学英语四级语法复习重点.docx

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1、大学英语四级语法复习1、动词时态和语态 阅读时时注意上下文情景。大纲要求八种常用时态都有可能成为考察对象，再此根底上重点关注：进展时、完成时和完成进展时。同时注意如Hardlywhen等经常考察表示时间固定句式。 2、非谓语动词1牢记哪些动词后宾语只能是不定式、动名词，哪些二者兼可。2分词和不定式做宾补区别。 3分词作状语。 3、情态动词与虚拟语气 依旧会受到命题人青睐。虚拟语气是难点但不是重点，重点注意其在非真实条件句和名词性从句使用。 4、定语从句和名词性从句 定语从句：近五年必考。注意点：关系代词和关系副词区别，as和which区别，限制性和非限制性定语从句区别、定语从句和同位语从句区别

2、。注意名词性从句引导词选择和语序。 5、状语从句 重点关注in case, unless等连词引导条件状语从句。注意：while, when, until, notuntil, before, since引导时间状语从句。同时关注：目和结果状语从句。 6、特殊句式 特殊句式注意倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句和省略句。英语四级复习技巧详解完形填空综合全文，着眼细节1对于首句应该给与足够重视，因为往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它时态往往决定了全文时态，所以多花一点时间看首句是值得。2然后以句子为单位一句一句地读，一句一句地填空，主要考虑语法、句意、逻辑和上下文联系。暂时填不出来就空在那里。3最后

3、通读一遍，完成没有填空，再看看填顺不顺，不顺地方大胆修改。写作借助阅读善打草稿写作文时要放松情绪，消除恐惧感，必要时可借助深呼吸来缓解紧张心情。试卷一、二作文在试卷2同时发下来，应在做完听力局部后，迅速地看一下作文题，让其在大脑中留有一席之地，这样便于在做词汇、阅读时随时发现写作可借用词汇句型而不至于在写作时，大脑一片空白，无从下手。作文无非就考一下记叙文和说明文，偶尔会考写信图*考试&大表作文等，但这些都归于记叙文和说明文两大类，这两类能写了就不怕什么题材了。考试之前自己准备作文大框架，比方说，大构造为总分总，总分等等，漂亮连词要用进去。一定要认真审题，弄清文章及各段主题，实现由提纲到主题句

4、转换。可以打一下草稿：摆事实，理清思路，从易于表达，且论证丰富观点入手，不局限于一种看法、一种表达法或一种句式。具体写作时最好分段来写，各段之间空二至三行，以利于随时增减或删改。而且字迹要工整，卷面要保持清洁，给判卷人一个好印象。写完后仔细检查作文中用词、句法方面有无不准确地方；句式有无变化；句与句之间，段与段之间有无适宜连接及过渡等注意 ：1 作文和选择是分开齐,所以一定要先涂卡,再写作文,否那么提前半个小时齐选择题卡时候很仓促.2 最重要一点,在考试前一个月,把前10次考试题目集中做一遍,卷纸大同小异,思路,方法,包括很多知识点总是反复出现,一定是有用.一定不能不做.有时间话应该至少做3遍

5、.最后一个具体建议,目前,每周做两套听力,一天一篇真题阅读(不能超过10分钟),一周一篇写作.等到离考试还有20天,每天做一套真题,循环做2次,正好可以做两遍.做题目赢E币，每日一练日积月累，【翻译】大学英语四级考试翻译复习与应试翻译是一门艺术, 同时又是一种实践。它是对英语综合能力考察，没有一定英语根本功，要想在这局部得到高分数是不可能。但是，具有了一定英语根底，并不等于具有较高翻译能力。因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译根本常识和一些常用方法, 针对考试中经常出现一些语言现象, 仔细分析一些翻译实例, 总结出一些规律性东西, 再加以必要练习, 对考生来说是非常必要，而且在短时间内提高自己在该局

6、部得分是完全有可能。一、试题与考生应试情况分析 通过考试试题分析，我们发现英译汉试题中英文句子大致有以下三个特点： 1. 句子较长，其中包括定语从句、状语从句等附属构造，致使句子构造复杂，意思不容易把握。 2. 句子虽然不长，但其中包含着较难理解词、词组或短语，尤其是一些表示抽象意义词，另外，句子中往往含有比拟复杂语法现象。 3考察翻译技巧主要包括: (1) 定语从句译法; (2) 被动语态处理; (3) 长句处理等等。形容词和副词比拟等级：形容词和副词比拟等级分为原级，比拟级和最高级。比拟级和最高级构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。1

7、. 同级比拟时常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比拟级词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比拟级来表达最高级意思。如：I have never spent a more

8、worrying day.5. 表示倍数比拟级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“形容词没有最高级和比拟级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。介词I. 介词分类：1 简单介词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, belo

9、w, beyond, during, in, on 2 合成介词 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3 短语介词 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 4 双重介词 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分词转化成介词 considering(就而论), including 6 形容词转化成介词

10、like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII. 常用介词区别：1 表示时间in, on, at at表示片刻时间，in表示一段时间，on总是与日子有关 2 表示时间since, from since 指从过去到现在一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间某一点开场 3 表示时间in, after in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时一段时间中 4 表示地理位置in, on, to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外 5 表示“在上on, in on只表示在某物外表上，in表示占去某物一局部 6 表示“穿过thr

11、ough, across through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在外表上通过，与on有关 7 表示“关于about, on about指涉及到，on指专门论述 8 between与among区别 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上中间 9 besides与except区别 besides指“除了还有再加上，except指“除了，减去什么，不放在句首 10 表示“用in, with with表示具体工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音 11 as与like区别 as意为“作为，以地位或身份，like为“象一样，指情形相似 12 in与

12、into区别 in通常表示位置静态，into表示动向，不表示目地或位置动词I. 动词时态：1. 动词时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态构成形式列表如下：现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进展 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have a

13、sked 完成进展 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking2. 现在完成时与一般过去时区别：1) 现在完成时表示过去发生动作或存在状况，但和现在有联系，强调是对现在造成影响或结果，它不能同表示过去时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书内容)2) 一般过去时只表示

14、过去发生动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过，“了等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关3. 现在完成时与现在完成进展时区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开场一直持续到现在，在含义上如着重表示动作结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进展，即动作延续性时，那么多用现在完成进展时。一般不能用于进展时动词也不能用于现在完成进展时。I have read that book.

15、我读过那本书了。 I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。4. 一般将来时表达方式：将来时 用法 例句 1 will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生动作或存在状态 My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to+动词原形 含有“打算，方案，即将做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事 Its going to clear up.Were going to have a party tonight. 3 be + doing 进展时表示将来 go, come, start, mo

16、ve, leave, arrive等词可用进展时表示按方案即将发生动作 He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe 4 be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或方案中马上就要发生动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 动词原形 表示按方案进展或征求对方意见 Were to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将来 时刻表上或日程

17、安排上早就定好事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at five oclock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II. 动词被动语态：常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进展时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would

18、be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进展时am/is/are being asked 10含有情态动词 can/must/may be asked考前须知：被动语态否认式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定构造begoing to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后动词变为被动态。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates

19、.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动构造表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The

20、 window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit,

21、 fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等情态动词I. 情态动词根本用法：情态动词 用法 否认式 疑问式与简答 can 能力体力，智力，技能允许或许可口语中常用可能性表猜想，用于否认句或疑问句中 can not / cannot /cant do CandoYes,can.No,cant. could couldnt do may 可以问句中表示请求可能，或

22、许表推测祝愿用于倒装句中 may not do Maydo Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant. might might not do Mightdo Yes,mightNo,might not. must 必须，应该表主观要求肯定，想必肯定句中表推测 must not/mustnt do Mustdo Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to. have to 只好，不得不客观必须，有时态人称变化 dont have to do Dohave to doYes,do. No,dont. ought to 应当表示义务责任，口语中多用should ought n

23、ot to/oughtnt to do Oughtto doYes,ought. No,oughtnt. shall 将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 shall not/shant do ShalldoYes,shall. No,shant. should 应当，应该表义务责任本该含有责备意味 should not/shouldnt do Shoulddo will 意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比拟委婉 will not/wont do WilldoYes,will. No,wont. would would not/wouldnt do

24、 dare 敢常用于否认句和疑问句中 dare not/darent do DaredoYes,dare. No,darent. need 需要必须常用于否认句和疑问句中 need not/neednt do NeeddoYes,must. No,neednt. used to 过去常常现在已不再 used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to do Usedto doYes,used. No,use(d)nt.Diduse to doYes,did. No,didnt.II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must

25、为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在一般状态进展；must + be doing 推测可能正在进展事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过事情。1. must“肯定，一定语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否认句。He may not be at home. / They might have fini

26、shed their task. 3. can和could“可能，could表示可疑可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否认、疑问句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生Can he be in the office now No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library justnow.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否认句中)III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和b

27、e able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有习惯，而would只表示过去习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词区别：两者作情态动词时常用于否认句和疑问句。其形式为：neednt/darent do；Need/daredo做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否认句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, dont(do

28、esnt/didnt) need/dare to do非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否认式 复合构造 不定式 to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 分词 现在分词 doinghaving done being donehaving been done 具有副词和形容词作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doinghaving

29、done being donehaving been done sbs doing 具有名词作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II. 做宾语非谓语动词比拟：只接不定式做宾语动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate,

30、admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attentio

31、n to, stick to 两者都可以 意义根本一样 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue接不定式多指具体动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为 need, want, require接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，假设接不定式那么应用被动形式 意义相反 stop to do 停顿手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停顿正在做事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do指动作尚未发生remember/forget/regret doing指动作已经发生 go on to do接着做另外一件事go on doi

32、ng接着做同一件事 try to do设法，努力去做，尽力try doing试试去做，看有何结果 mean to do打算做，企图做mean doing 意识是，意味着 cant help to do不能帮助做 cant help doing忍不住要做III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语区别：常见动词 与宾语逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成 I heard him call me several times. have, notice, see, w

33、atch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进展，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词 动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非谓语动词做定语区别：不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进展式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type.I

34、have a lot of papers to be typed. 动名词 通常指被修饰词用途，无逻辑上任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool 现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves 过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语区别：不定式 多

35、表示一个特定具体将来动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 动名词 与不定式功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示动作比拟抽象，或者泛指习惯性动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and a

36、gain.Teaching is my job. 分词 无名词性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词性质，可以做表语，多说明主语特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人, , 之意，说明主语性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处状态，含有“感到之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring,

37、amusing及其-ed形式)定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰词叫做先行词，引导定语从句词叫关系词，他作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数一致。关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe

38、 boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was w

39、orth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was b

40、orn. 可用in which why 原因 原因状语 I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom用法区别：只用that情况 1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the only

41、, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who或which时，为了防止重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is

42、making a speech 只用which, who, whom情况 1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2 在由“介词+关系代词引导定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually r

43、espected by others.III. as与which区别：定语从句 区别 例句 限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导从句只能放主句后，并无“正如意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.

44、They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别：限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加说明，与主句关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做

45、宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.名词性从句主语从句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or not doesnt matter much.Whoever comes here will

46、 be welcome. 表语从句 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后 It looks as if it is going to snow. 宾语从句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词 He asked me which team could win the game. 同位语从句 放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 说明其具体内容 You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.状语从句时间状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导从句中动词一般是延续性；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性，而否认句中主句动词为短暂性。 地