副词性从句状语从句.doc

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1、状语从句状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为十大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较 、方式和程度。1时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when1).While

2、 John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.2).The children ran away from the garden the moment they saw the guard.3).No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（倒装语序）4).Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做

3、某事。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。（肯定句中可用before代替Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it

4、 until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。-Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。表示一就的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以

5、表示一就的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.2地点状语从句常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard. Where I live there are plent

6、y of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, since ,for特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that 1).Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.2).The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discour

7、age people from trying to earn more.3).Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.比较：because, since, as和for 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to d

8、elay our journey.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.4目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that1).T

9、he teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.2).You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.3).He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.4).Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.5结果状语从句常用引导词：

10、 so that, such that 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, 1).He got up so early that he caught the first bus.2).Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.6条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless 特殊引导词：as / so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition

11、 that 1).You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.2).Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，Give him an inch and hell take a mile.2）if only是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望：If only I hadnt been late for work.3）在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带

12、有情态动词，If I press this button, what will happen?注当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，I will return the book on Monday if I have read it.注如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall， If you will read the book, Ill let you have it.If you will help me, we can finish by six.4）unless从句中可用否定词，而 if not 从句中不可再加否定词，

13、I will go unless no one else does.Dont ask me to explain unless you really dont understand.7让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while (一般用在句首)，no matter , in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverAlthough its raining,

14、they are still working in the fieldMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.让步状语从句的几点说明；1）有时可用副词yet, still,

15、 nevertheless (但不能用连词but)来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，如：Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike.2）if 有时也可以用于让步含义， If he is poor, he is at least honest.(让步) (= even if)3）as（though）引导让步从句一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或谓语动词或状语置于句首： 表语的倒装：Tired as he was, he still went on with his wo

16、rk.但如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：Teacher as Michael is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best.状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语）Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.谓

17、语动词的倒装：Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try )Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.4）while (=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.While I admit his good points, I c

18、an see his shortcomings.(让步状语)While I was reading, the light went out. (时间状语从句)He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比，并列分句)5）whetheror引导的让步状语从句为也称为“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后：Whether or not it rains, Im giving a party tomorrow.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whe

19、ther they are) rich or poor, should be equal.She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.注意：Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. = No matter whether (但是不能说whetherever)you like it , youll have to do it. 6）由whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句：Whoever (= no matter who) is unwill

20、ing to go, I will go.(whoever 既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who)No matter which one (=Whichever 但不能再要one) you choose, we have no objection.7）由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，如：Whatever(= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. Whichever (= no matter

21、which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection.8）连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句。However( =no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfill it Wherever ( = no matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed.Whenever( = no matter when) Im unhappy, he cheers me up.No m

22、atter why(但不能说whyever) he follows me ,I must let him go.9）注意以上几种结构的省略形式：However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time.Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome8比较状语从句常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较）特殊引导词：the more the more , just as , so; a, no more than, no l

23、ess than, A not so much as B 1).She is as bad-tempered as her mother.2).The house is three times as big as ours.3).The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.9方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.8