初一上册英语语法专项.doc

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1、语法专项：Be动词（am/is/are）的用法1. （am/is/are）用来说明现在的状态。be动词用法例句am与之对应的人场代词为I，否定形式为am notI am a Chinese girl.我是个中国女孩。is与之对应的人称代词为he,she,it及Tom等单数名词，否定形式为isntHe/She/Tom is from America.他/她/汤姆来自美国。Its a book.这是一本书。are与之对应的人称代词为第一人称复数we，第二人称you和第三人称复数they，boys等，否定形式为arentWe/You/They are Chinese.我们/你们/他们是中国人。The

2、 boys are students.这些男孩是学生。2. be 动词后所跟的成分后跟形容词I am happy.我很快乐。后跟名词They are our friends.他们是我们的朋友。后跟介词短语She is at home now.她现在在家。后跟形容词短语He is twelve years old.他12岁。后跟副词Class is over.下课了3. be动词常用缩略形式Im=I am youre=you are were=we arehes=he is shes=she is its=it istheyre=they are isnt=is not arent=are no

3、tthats=that is theres=there is therere=there aremy names=my name is语法专练：.专项填空 1. They Americans.A. arent B. not C. isnt D. be not2. Sam and Helen in Class Three? A. Is B. Are C. Isnt D. Be3.Are you a new student? ， . A. No; I am B. Yes; Im not C. Yes; I am D. Yes; Im 4.What your favourite food ? Mea

4、t. A. are B. is C. am D. be 5. You and she both students. A. be B. is C. are D. am.用be动词完成句子 6. This a banana and that an apple. 7. What your name ? I Sandra. 8. Where your shoes ? They on the sofa. 9. Here my English books, but where my notebook? 10. Sally in the room? Yes, she .语法专项：指示代词英语中常见的指示代词

5、有 this,that,these,those,such,same 等。（1） this (复数形式是these),是指时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物；that（复数形式是those），是指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。 This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black. 这位是史密斯先生，那位是布莱克先生。 These are jeeps. Those are trucks. 这些是吉普车。那些是载重卡车。（2） that/those 有时用来代替前面说过的名词，以避免重复。 The weather in Shanghai is not so cold

6、as that (=the weather) in Beijing. 上海的天气没有背景那么冷。【友情提示】（1） 在电话用语中，that 相当于“你”，用于询问对方的身份；this 相当于“我”，常用于自我介绍。 Is that Mary speaking? 你是玛丽吗？ Yes. Whos that? 是的。你是谁呀？ This is Ann. 我是安。（2） 在疑问句中，如果句子的主语是this,that,these 或those 时，回答时用it代替this，that；用they代替these，those。 Is that your chair? 那是你的椅子吗？ Yes，it is.

7、 是的，是我的。 What are these?这些是什么？ They are oranges. 是橘子。语法专练：.单项填空 1.Look！Whats in the sky? It looks like a kite. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2.Hello, whos that? is Daming. A. This B. That C. I D. Me 3.Hi, Tony. Whos this man? is my brother.A. This B. That C. He D. She 4.Are these your cousins?No

8、, are my classmates.A. they B. these C. she D. he 5. Tom and Mike are good friends. often help each other.A. They B. Them C. Their D. Theirs 6. is the photo of my family. The old man is grandpa.A. He; my B. This; my C. those; I D. That; I.句型转换 7.This is a new classroom(变为复数) new classrooms. 8. That

9、isnt a big bus. (变为复数) big . 9. Those are some flowers. (变为单数) a . 10.Are these your friends?（否定回答） No， .there be 句型及表示地点的介词（短语）的用法一、 there be 句型的用法1. there be 句型的基本结构there be 句型的基本结构：There be+主语+介词短语。其中there本身无词义；be是谓语动词。There be 结构表示一种存在关系，通常带一个地点状语，意思是“某地有”。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。2

10、. there be 句型中be的两种变化情况（1） 该句型中只有一个主语时，当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，be动词用单数；当主语是可数名词复数时，be动词用复数。 There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有些牛奶。 There are many students on the playground.操场上有许多学生。（2）该句型中有两个或两个以上并列主语时，则按“就近原则”，即谓语动词be与最靠近它的主语在“数”上保持一致。 There is a desk and two chairs in my bedroom. 我的卧室里有一张桌子和两把椅子。 Th

11、ere are five women and a child in the bedroom. 房间里有5位妇女和一个小孩。3. there be 句型的两种否定形式（1） 在be动词后加否定词not，句子中如果有some，则将其改为any。 There are some books on the desk.There are not any books on the desk.（2） 在be动词后加no。 There are some teachers in the office.There are no teachers in the office.4. there be 句型的一般疑问句（

12、1）there be 句型边一般疑问句时，将be动词提前到句首，some改为any。There are some kites in the sky.Are there any kites in the sky?（2）回答时，用“Yes,there+be动词./No,there+be动词+not.”但不可与have混用。试比较：Is there a pencil box on the desk?Yes, there has./No, there hasnt.（误）Yes, there is./No, there isnt二、 表示地点的介词（短语）的用法1. 表示地点的介词（短语）有：on，in

13、, at, behind, in the front of, in frond of, next to, near等。它们和后面的名词共同构成介词短语，在句中可作地点状语、表语、后置定语等。Tom is watching TV at home. 汤姆正在家里看电视。（地点状语）The students are in the classroom now. 学生们现在在教室里。（表语）The book on the desk is Toms. 桌子上的那本书是汤姆的。2. 对作状语或表语的介词短语提问时，用疑问词where；对作后置定语的介词短语提问时，用“疑问词which+名词”。They ar

14、e singing behind the tree.他们正在树后面唱歌。（地点状语）Where are they singing?他们正在哪里唱歌？The book is on the desk.书在课桌上。（作表语）Where is the book?书在哪里？The girl behind the tree is my younger sister.树后面的那个女孩是我妹妹。Which girl is your younger sister?哪个女孩是你妹妹？语法专练：单项填空1. There some food, milk and fruit in the fridge. A. is B

15、. are C. has D. have2. There arent computers in my classroom. A. a B. an C. some D. any3. The cat is the table, so we cant see it. A. behind B. on C. before D. over4.Whats in the picture? a teacher and some students. A. There are B. There is C. These are D. This is5.Are there any chairs in the room?

16、 No, . A. there arent B. there are C. there isnt D. there is6. there any apples on the desk? A. Is B. Am C. Are D. Be7. There a pen, two pencils and three rulers on the desk. A. is B. am C. are D. be8.Is there a book in your bag? .A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there isC. No, there is D. No, it isnt9. Are th

17、ere English books in your school library? A. a B. an C. some D. any语法专项：have/has got 的用法1. 如果表示“某人有某物”要用sb. have/has got sth下面我们一起来总结一下have/has got 的变化形式：肯定否定疑问回答I have got a dogI have not (havent) got a dogHave you got a dog?Yes, I have.No, I havent.He/She has got two friends. He/She has not (hasnt

18、)got two friends.Has he/she got two friends?Yes, he/she has.No, he/she hasnt.We have got a computer roomWe have not(havent)got a computer room.Have you got a computer room?Yes, we have.No, we havent.They have got a new English teacher.They have not (havent) got a new English teacher.Have they got a

19、new English teacher? Yes, they have.No, they havent.You have got a brother.You have not ( havent) got a brother.Have you got a brother?Yes, I have.No, I havent.注：have not 可以缩写为havent, has not 可以缩写为hasnt。2. have/has got 与 there be “有区别”同学们，我们已经学习了have/has got 与 there be 结构，它们都表示“有”。可是，你们知道他们的区别吗？词条相同

20、不同have/has got表示所有关系或构成关系时，两种结构表示的意义相同，可进行同义句转换。表示“某人/某物拥有、占有某人/某物”,它们的主语可以是人，也可以是物，可以是名次，也可以是人称代词的主格形式。肯定句结构为：主语+have/has got+其他。have/has got 可以表示所有关系，也可以表示构成关系。there be表示“某地有某人/某物”，他们的主语可以是人，也可以是物，可以是名词，也可以是不定代词，如：something，anything，nothing，anyone等。肯定句结构为：there is/are +名词/不定代词+介词/副词短语。There be 结构主

21、要表示存在关系，也称为“存在句”I have got a new bag.我有一个新书包。He has got an elder brother.他有一个哥哥。There are many desks and chairs in the classroom.教室里有许多桌椅。There is someone at the school gate.有人在校门口。A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.1周有七天。语法专练：.单项填空 1. Mary got a sister? Yes, she has. A. Have B.

22、Does C. Do D. Has 2. Ive got two uncles, but Tony got any uncles. A. havent B. doesnt C. dont D. hasnt 3. There some old people taking a walk in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. How many children in the picture? Three. A. has B. is there C. have D. are there .用 there be 的适当形式或have/has got 填空

23、 5. many pencils in her case. 6. some birds in the tree. 7. He some beautiful flowers. 8. Gina two brothers. 9. Daming any aunts? 10. a cat and a hat under the chair.语法专项：一般现在时1.一般现在时的用法（1）一般现在时态常用来表示经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。I do my homework in the evening. 我在晚上做家庭作业。We have lunch at school. 我们在学校吃午饭。（2）一般现

24、在时态还用来表示普遍存在的真理或客观事实。 The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。（3）有些表示状态和感觉的动词，如：be, love, like, look(看起来)， think（认为）等，通常不用现在进行时态，而用一般现在时态。 What do you think of it? 你认为它怎么样？（4）有些表示短暂动作的动词，如：be, begin, come, leave, start 等，常用一般现在时态表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 Tomorrow is Sunday. 明天是星期天。 The train leaves at 12:15.

25、火车12点15分开。2.一般现在时的构成 （1）be 动词 句子的谓语动词只有be（am, is, are）。否定句要在 am, is, are 后加not， is 与 are 常与 not 缩写成 isnt 和 arent。 We are students. 我们是学生。 Im not a worker. 我不是一名工人。 （2）祈使句 无论是肯定祈使句还是否定祈使句，都用一般现在时态。 Lets go to school. 我们去上学吧。 Dont read in the sun. 不要在阳光下读书。 （3）情态动词 句子的谓语动词由“情态动词+动词原形”构成。 He can read a

26、nd write now. 他现在会读会写了。 （4）实义动词 句子的谓语动词是实义动词，除第三人称单数外均用动词原形。否定句中，动词由“dont(do not)+实义动词”构成（主语为第三人称单数时除外）。 I get up at five thirty in the morning. 我早上5点起床。 We dont go to work on Sundays. 我们星期天不上班。语法专练：.单项填空 1. Jim and Sam go to school by bus. A. go B. to go C. goes D. going 2. He his work at 7:00. A.

27、start does B. starts to do C. starts do C. start to do 3. What you for lunch? A. do; have B. have; have C. have; do D. does; have.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 4. Sam, with Lucy and Jim, (have) lunch at school. 5. They (not go) to school at 8:00. 6. Sam always (get) up at six in the morning.单句改错 7. I am not go to

28、 school every day. 8. We playing basketball in the afternoon. 9. You are sing very well. 10. They not have dinner at home. 语法专项：行为动词的一般现在时（1）一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的行为，常与 usually, often, always, sometimes, seldom, never 等连用。She often goes out on Sundays. 星期天她经常出去。1.主语是以下情形之一时，行为动词的一般现在时形式需有数的变化：第三人称单数人称代词he，

29、she，it单独做主语She often goes to school by bike.她经常骑自行车去上学。单个名字或称呼作主语Lily likes playing the piano.莉莉喜欢弹钢琴。单数可数名词做主语The boy comes from America.那个男孩来自美国。“代词one或one of+复数名词”作主语One of my friends comes from England.我的一个朋友来自英国。复合不定代词everyone（每个人），something（某事），nothing（没什么事），anything（任何事），nobody（没有人）等作主语Everyo

30、ne knows him.大家都认识他。2.实义动词的一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句变否定句时，须借助does，也就是在实义动词原形前加doesnt。Kitty works.基蒂工作。Kitty doesnt (does not) work. 基蒂不工作。变疑问句也须借助does，即在句首加Does，而实义动词用原形。Sam speaks English. 萨姆说英语。Does Sam speak English?萨姆说英语吗？回答这类问句时，通常使用简略形式，无需再出现实义动词。肯定句：Yes,主格代词+does.否定句：No，主格代词+doesnt.The tiger only l

31、ives in Asia. 老虎仅生活在亚洲。一般疑问句：Does the tiger only live in Asia?老虎仅生活在亚洲吗？肯定回答：Yes, it does.是的，它只生活在亚洲。否定回答：No, it doesnt. 不，它不仅仅生活在亚洲。3. 使用一般现在时容易出现的错误。 忘记将实义动词变成第三人称单数形式。My mother usually go (goes) shopping on Sundays.我母亲通常在星期天去购物。 错写动词第三人称单数形式。She watchs (watches) TV in the evening.她晚上看电视。 误将助动词do/

32、does看做实义动词My elder brother doesnt his homework.我哥哥不做家庭作业。有些固定短语中含有do，如：do some shopping(购物)，do ones homework(做家庭作业)，do some reading(读点东西)等，极易将do误用。上句的正确表达为：My elder brother doesnt do his homework. 忘记使用一般现在时。Sometimes she is helping (helps) he mum with the housework.有时，她帮她妈妈做家务。语法专练：.单项填空 1. A large

33、number of students in this school from the country. They work very hard. A. come B. comes C. came D. coming 2. does your elder brother for lunch? Rice and meat. A. What; have B. What; has C. How; have 3. My little sister pandas very much. A. like B. likes C. is like 4. My mother snakes. She says the

34、y are ugly. A. not like B. doesnt likes C. doesnt like D. dont like5. Jenny blue trousers on school days. A. wear B. wearing C. wears D. wore.选词填空 wear，play，get，talk，do 6. Mary doesnt her homework on Saturday evening. 7. Jenny always a pair of glasses. 8. He always to his mother after dinner. 9. Ton

35、y never computer games. 10. The girl to school by bike.语法专项：行为动词的一般现在时（2）行为动词一般现在时的特殊疑问句用法例句1特殊疑问句中常见的疑问词有：who询问人；what询问事物；how询问方式或状态；where询问地点；when询问时间；which询问选择哪一个How do you like the film?你觉得这部电影怎么样？Which do you like,apples or pears?你喜欢哪一种，苹果还是梨？Where do you have the party?你们在哪里举行聚会？2有些疑问词是由“疑问词+名

36、词/形容词/副词”构成的疑问词组；what time 询问具体的时刻；how often询问频率；how old询问年龄；how many/much询问数量How long have you been here?你在这儿多长时间了？What time do we have Chinese?我们几点上语文课？3特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句+其他？”构成；疑问词作主语时，语序不变Whose book is on the desk?谁的书在桌子上？Who is your English teacher?谁是你的英语老师？4特殊疑问句不能用Yes./No.来回答，要用陈述句来回答What subj

37、ect do you like best?你最喜欢什么科目？I like English best.我最喜欢英语。【友情提示】学习特殊疑问句要注意两点： 1.语序：特殊疑问句的语序与一般疑问句一样，用疑问语序。 2.疑问词：要根据所提问的内容而选择适当的疑问词。疑问词总是放在句首。语法专练：.单项填空 1.Excuse me, is Mr Greens office? Its over there. A. when B. where C. what D. which 2. do you think of the new book? Its a bit hard. A. How B. What

38、C. Which D. Who 3.The blue jacket looks nice on you. is it? Its 50 dollars. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often 4. do they like to study? They like to study in groups. A. When B. Why C. How D. Where 5.Peter, do you visit your grandparents? Twice a month. A. how long B. how soon C. how far D. how often.按要求改写句子 就划线部分提问 6.I write three or four emails every week. you write every week? 7.The girl in the room is Lucy. girl is Lucy. 8.I usually use the computer to do my homework. you usually the computer to ? 9.You can write the name in