英语第五单元知识点总结.doc

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1、Unit 5知识目标高频词diary,space,spaceship,spacesuit,nervous,leave,able,tie,ourselves,without,weak,breathe,if,camera,work,garden,rock,machine,postcard,return高频词组more than,be able to,have to,so that,take photos,as.as.,that is,such as语法1.掌握will+v.和be going to+v.表示将来动作的意思；2.掌握will+v.和be going to+v.的意义区别。3.学会运用

2、句型：It is +adj.+（for sb.)to do sth.【单词要点】1.without 没有，缺乏 后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，常位于句首或句中作状语。 e.g.We get there without any trouble.2.weak adj.虚弱的，无力的。短语be weak in 意为“在.方面弱”。e.g.Rhe sick man is too weak to get up. She is weak in English.3.if 连词，意为“如果”。引导条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件，有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。e.g.Please tell

3、me if he is at home.Ex. she works hard,shell get good grads. A.If B.Because C.Before D.Though4.work 不及物动词，意为“运转；运行” e.g.The watch doesnt work.【拓展】work的其他用法：work作不及物动词，意为“工作”。e.g.His father works on a farm.work作不可数名词，意为“工作”。e.g.He has too much work to do.work作可数名词，意为“作品，著作”。e.g.I like reading the wor

4、ks of Shakespeare.5.enough 作形容词时意为“足够的，充分的”。修饰名词时enough置于其前、后均可。 e.g.We have enough seats/seats enough fo everyone.作副词时意为“足够地，充分地”，只能放在形容词或副词的后面。e.g.The book is easy enough for you to read.6.return 不及物动词，意为“回来，返回”，相当于come back。及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give back。【短语要点】1.more than 超过；多于，其反义词组为less than，意为“少于，不到

5、” more.than 意为“比.更”，其中more可以修饰名词、形容词或副词。e.g.She has more than one sister. Joan is more clever than John.2.take.to. 把.带到. take为及物动词，意为“拿，带”，后跟宾语，强调将某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。e.g.I want to take some books to the classroom.【拓展】bring及物动词，也意为“拿，带”，但动作的方向与take恰好相反。bring表示将某人或某物从别处带到说话地点。e.g.Could you bring me a c

6、up of tea,please?3.be able to 能够辨析be able to与canbe able to表示经过努力能达到目的be able to 有很多形式，可用于将来时和完成时中can表示有能力做某事只有现在时和过去时；一般情况下，在一般现在时和一般过去时中可以和be able to 相互换用Ex.I am afraid that I finish the task in such a short time.Could you help me,please? A.can B.am not able to C.am going to4.have to 必须，不得不辨析have t

7、o与musthave to侧重于客观上的“必须”有人称和数的变化用于多种时态否定形式dont/doesnt haveto 意为“不必”must侧重于个人意志和主观上的“必须”无人称和数的变化只用于现在和将来否定形式must not意为“禁止”e.g. I must/have to go to school now. I dont have to buy a new bike.Ex.Susan,would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon? Id love to,but I study for a test.A.may B.have to

8、C.can5.so that 以便，为了 引导一个表示目的的状语从句；从句谓语中常用情态动词may/might，can/could,should,would等；主从句之间衔接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。 e.g.They get up early so that they can catch the early bus.6.help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事，其中do sth.是省略to 的动词不定式。【拓展】与help相关的短语help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人。with后接名词或代词。help oneself to sth. 自用或自取某物。cant hel

9、p doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事。7.as+形容词/副词+as one can 意为“尽可能”。one要随主语的人称变化而变化，而can要随时态变化。“as.as one can”相当于“as.as possible”。e.g.I read the book as possible as I can.8.such as 例如辨析such as 与for examplesuch as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个for example一般以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末9.write sb. a letter 给某人写信，相当于write a

10、letter to sb.,也可以表示为writeto sb.。e.g.Please write a letter to me.=Please write to me.10.in the future 在将来，在未来辨析in the future与 in futurein the future在将来，在未来一般指真正意义上的将来，常指包括in future在内的较远的将来一段时间in future今后，从此以后一般指从现在开始到今后，常指离现在较近的一段将来时间e.g.My younger brother wants to be an actor in the future.You cant

11、go out alone in future.Ex.We will see even stronger China in near future. A.a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.an;a11.a large amount of 大量的，许多的 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。amount的前面常使用large，small等表示数量大小的形容词来修饰，而这些形容词前面有时还会使用very等程度副词来修饰。e.g.She spends a large amount of money on clothes every year.【句子要点】1.How far

12、can you see on a clear night? 在一个晴朗的夜晚你能看多远？ how far 意为“多远”，可以引导一个特殊疑问句，用来提问距离。常用Its.metres/kilometres from.to.回答这个句型。it指代的是两地间的距离，from和to后接地点名词。e.g.How far is it from your home to school!Its about 200metres from my home to school.2.Tomorrow Ill be one of the students to travel into space.明天我将成为去太空旅

13、行的首批学生中的一员。 动词不定式短语to travel into space作后置定语，位于被修饰的词students之后。e.g.There is nothing to be worried about.【拓展】动词不定式作定语常和被修饰的名词之间具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的承受着，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，就要在动词不定式后面加上相应的介词。e.g.Would you lend me a pen to write with?Your progress is nothing to talk about.3.The Moon is around 380,000 kil

14、ometres from the Earth,so itll take us about fourdays to get there.月球离地球大约千米，所以将花费我们大约四天时间到那儿。 此句型结构：It will take sb. some time to do sth.,意为“做某事将花费某人多少时间”。这个句型的变化体现在动词take的时态变化，其一般现在时结构是It takes sb. some time to do sth.，此句型的主语是it，作形式主语，动词前的to不可去掉。Ex.1)It takes Janet three hours reading this interes

15、ting story. A.to finish B.finished C.finishing 2)It takes him two hours his homework every day. A.do B.to do C.does D.doing【用法集萃】1.in space 在太空 2.take photos 拍照 3.that is 也就是说 4.write down 写下 5.too many 太多 6.on the Moon在月球上 7.thousands of数以千计Ex.1)There is wrong with this computer.It doesnt work well

16、. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing2)Kate，Im going to Beijing.Please look after well. Dont worry,Mom.I will. A.herself B.you C.yourself D.your3)We will have a class meeting 3:00 Wednesday afternoon. A.on;in B.at;on C.at;in D.on;on4)I cant stop playing computer games. For your health,my b

17、oy,Im afraid you .A.can B.may C.must D.have to5)At the weekend we help mother with housework she can enjoy herself.A.after B.until C.that D.so that6)Do you have breakfast every day? No,I often get up late and go to school breakfast.A.for B.in C.without D.after7) visitors come to the village every we

18、ek. A.Thousand of B.Thousand C.Thousands of D.Thousands【语法专项】一般将来时1.基本概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用。2.基本结构：一般将来时的结构一般由“助动词will+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”构成。will是助动词，不能独立使用，前面的主语不管是什么人称，其后总用will。在名词或代词后常简缩为ll，并与主语连写一起。will的否定形式是will not，缩略形式是wont。3.时间状语：一般将来时常用的时间状语：tomorrow,next time/week,in

19、 a month/week,fromnow on,soon等。4.基本句型肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句主语+will+动词原形+其他主语+will+not+动词原形+其他Will+主语+动词原形+其他？疑问词+一般疑问句主语+be going to+动词原形+其他主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他Be+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他？e.g.He will come here at once.We are going to climb the hill this afternoon.He will not (wont)go to the party.Are yo

20、u going to play computer games tomorrow afrernoon?Will he help you with your English?辨析will与be going towill一般表示与主观意愿无关的单纯的将来，特别是表示必然要发生的客观规律The flowers will come out in a few days.From now on,Danny will walk to school.be going to一般表示计划、打算或准备要做的事和有迹象将要发生或肯定要发生的事Li Mei is going to learn English next t

21、erm.Look!Its going to rain.Ex.( )1.I hope Tin can come to my birthday party.Then we a much happier time.A.have B.had C.will have D.have had( )2.My sister wants a new dress.She it to the party. A.wear B.has worn C.wore D.is going to wear( )3.Mom,when can I go out to play football? Finish your homewor

22、k first,or I let you go out. A.dont B.didnt C.wont D.havent( )4.There a football match and a concert this weekend.Which one would you like to go? A.is B.are C.will be D.will have( )5.Excuse me.Could you wake me up when my friend here? Of course.But we still dont know when your friend here.A.comes;will come B.comes;comes C.will come;comes D.will come;will come( )6.Traveling to space is no longer just a dream.Russia the first hotel in space in the near future. A.builds B.will build C.build D.has build