四级考试语法复习重点2ppt课件.ppt

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1、四级考试语法复习重点2ppt课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望考试重点简介w英语中的虚拟语气有4种，一种是条件句中的虚拟语气，一种是含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，一种是名词性从句中的虚拟语气，还有一种是状语从句中的虚拟语气。其中虚拟时态的运用很大程度上和其所处的句型有关。95年以来，对虚拟语气的考查有28题之多，占词汇/语法总数的15.2%。下面我们也分四部分来看一下四级考试中虚拟语气的运用。1.条件句中的虚拟语气 w1)If I hadnt stoo

2、d under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you _ now.A.wouldnt be smiling B.couldnt have smiled C.wont smile D.didnt smilew1)A 对于虚拟条件句中时态的运用，首先应该区分主从句的不同。从句中用过去时，过去完成时，或were to/should+原形动词，而主句中用would/could/might/should+原形动词或动词的完成形式。2)_ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A.Not bei

3、ng B.Had it not been C.Without being D.Not having been wBw 虚拟条件句有单一条件句，也有混合虚拟条件句，所以不能只根据从句与某一事实相反来判断主句就与该事实相反，同样，也不能想当然地认为主句与某一事实相反，从句也就与该事实相反。w 如1）从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。再如：wIf he werent such a kind man,he wouldnt have lent a hand to such people as you the other day.(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。)wWere my fri

4、ends not to come tomorrow,I wouldnt have bought so many foods(食品).(从句与将来事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。)w3)_before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party.A.Had they arrived B.Would they arrive C.Were they arriving D.Were they to arrivew3)Dw 熟记主从句动词与不同事实相反时的时态运用规则。解题时根据句子所表达的时间概念确定与

5、什么事实相反，然后采用相应的时态。w4)Jean doesnt want to work right away because if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.wA.has to get B.were to get C.had got D.could have got w4)C if引导条件状语从句时，可以将were/had/should提至句首，省略if。考试时经常是将省略if的与含有if的选项并列，在这种情况下，应注意分清从句的时态，尽管多数情况下都是倒装的结构为正确选项。w

6、5)_ right now,she would get there on Sunday.wA.Would she leave B.If she leaves C.Were she to leave D.If she had left w5)C If it werent/hadnt been for 以及其倒装结构were it not for/had it not been for表示“如果不是的话”w6)Had he worked harder,he _ the exams.A.must have got through B.would have got through C.would ge

7、t through D.could get throughw 7)If the whole operation _ beforehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.w A.was not planned B.has not been planned C.had not been planned D.were not plannedw答案：6)B 7)C 正如真实条件从句中不用will一样，虚拟条件从句中也不可使用would，应特别注意。解析w如果与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时，主句中用would/should/c

8、ould/might+have done的形式，如2）6）和7）。如果与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时，主句中用would/could/might/should+原形动词，表示与正在进行的事实相反用would/might/could/should+be doing的结构，如1）。如果表示将来不可能实现的事情，从句中用过去时，或were to/should+原形动词，以上3）4）5）表示的都属于这种情况。w如2）3）5）。2含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 w1)Some women _a good salary in a job instead of staying home,but they dec

9、ided not to work for the sake of the family.A.must make B.should have made C.would make D.could have madew2)We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we _ him.A.would have telephoned B.must have telephoned C.would telephone D.had telephonedw答案 1）D 2）Aw评析评析 含蓄虚拟条件句指没有明确的条件从句的虚拟条件句，一含蓄虚拟条件句指没有明确的条件

10、从句的虚拟条件句，一般是条件用介词短语、分词短语或并列句的方式表达，这时主般是条件用介词短语、分词短语或并列句的方式表达，这时主句的时态要求与含有条件从句的主句要求相同。四级测试中常句的时态要求与含有条件从句的主句要求相同。四级测试中常考的含蓄虚拟条件句句型有：考的含蓄虚拟条件句句型有：w But for/Without,主句主句 But for/Without your help,we wouldnt have accomplished the task on time.w,otherwise/or He hadnt had food for two days,or/otherwise he

11、 wouldnt have fainted out at work.上面2）题就属于该句型，表达的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用would have telephoned的结构。w 分词/不定式，主句 Having been born ten years earlier,you could have witnessed the disaster.Given more time,we could have done the work much better.You would be foolish to make friends with such people.w ，thought/but E

12、instein cared little for money,though he could have been very rich.He could have got the job,but he didnt apply for it.3名词性从句中的虚拟语气 w与以上两种虚拟语气句式不同，这里虚拟语气中时态的变化比较少，主要依据所处的句型。考生所需要的是了解在哪些情况下用这种句式，测试中考生只需从四个选项中辨认答案即可。w1)Wouldnt you rather your child _ to bed early?A.go B.went C.would go D.goes w2)Mikes

13、 uncle insists _ in this hotel.A.staying not B.not to stay C.that he would not stay D.that he not stayw 3)Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place.A.be living B.were living C.would live D.would have livedw 4)It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possib

14、le.A.must be sent B.will be sent C.are sent D.be sent w5)It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A.is not started B.will not be started C.not be started D.is not to be startedw 6)We are all for your proposal that the discussion_.A.be put off B.was put off C.sho

15、uld put off D.is to be out off w7)The suggestion that the mayor _the prizes was accepted by everyone.A.would present B.present C.presents D.ought to present w8)Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think it is about time _?A.we are going home B.we go home C.we went home D.we can go home w9)As Commander-

16、in-Chief of the armed forces,I have directed that all measures _ for our defense.w A.had been taken B.would be taken C.be taken D.to be takenw10)It is vital that enough money _to fund the project.A.be collected B.must be collected C.is collected D.can be collected w11)I dont think it advisable that

17、Tim _ to the job since he has no experience.A.is assigned B.will be assigned C.be assigned D.has been assigned w12)If only the committee _the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A.approve B.will approve C.can approve D.would approve wA.参考答案：w1）B 2）D 3）B 4）D 5）C 6）A 7）B 8）C 9）C 1

18、0）A 11）C 12)D w评析 该部分所包含的句型有：表示命令建议或要求的动词后面的宾语从句中用should+原形动词，should可以省略。常用于该句型的动词有direct,order,command,require,ask,request,demand,insist,suggest,recommend等。这里句型的考题中，一般都会有would,must等干扰项，正确选项以省略should者居多，并且常是not do something,或be的形，尤其是 not be done的形式。如2）5）和9）。w另外这类考题还常借助于动词本身的句法结构设干扰项。如insist后可接doing

19、something,being done或 on doing something的结构，suggest后也可接动名词。另外，这两个单词也有不用虚拟语气的句式，如insist 表示“坚持认为”，suggest表示“说明”“表明”时，从句中就不用虚拟语气，考生应注意分别。w 表示“命令”“建议”或“要求”的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中同样是用should+原形动词，should可以省略。与上面一条相同，表示这些概念的名词如suggestion,order,proposal等后面的that从句中虚拟语气使用规则相同，如6）7）中都是that同位语从句中使用should+原形动词，should省略的结

20、构。w w It is+It is+表示重要，有必要，吃惊，难以相信的名词或形容表示重要，有必要，吃惊，难以相信的名词或形容词，或表示词，或表示“命令命令”“建议建议”“要求要求”的过去分词的过去分词+that +that 从从句中用句中用should+should+原形动词，原形动词，shouldshould可以省略。可以省略。这一句型可分这一句型可分解为解为:It is important/necessary/vital/advisable/essential It is important/necessary/vital/advisable/essential.that.that(sho

21、uld)(should)It is strange/surprising/unbelievable It is strange/surprising/unbelievable that that(should)(should)It is a surprise/wonder.that It is a surprise/wonder.that(should)(should)It is suggested/requested/recommended It is suggested/requested/recommended that that(should)(should)这些句型一律使用这些句型一

22、律使用should+should+原形动词的结构，原形动词的结构，shouldshould可以省略，可以省略，如如4 4）5 5）1010）题。）题。注意注意It is strange/surprising/unbelievable It is strange/surprising/unbelievable that that(should)(should)句型中如果表示过去的事情可以用句型中如果表示过去的事情可以用should have should have done done 的形式，如：的形式，如：It is strange that he should have failed in

23、the It is strange that he should have failed in the election.election.w wish wish 后面的从句时态可以有以下几种情况后面的从句时态可以有以下几种情况 表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时：表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时：How I wish I had a memory as good as yours.表示与现在正在进行的事情相反可用过去进行时，如表示与现在正在进行的事情相反可用过去进行时，如3）。）。表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，也可以用表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，也可以用could have do

24、ne 的形式，如：的形式，如：I wish I _ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.(1995.6)A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have sleptw 由于由于might表示表示也许也许，与这里的意思不合，只能用，与这里的意思不合，只能用A。表示将来不可能实现的情况用表示将来不可能实现的情况用would/might+原形动词。原形动词。How I wish you would be able to come here for another v

25、isit.w If only 表示愿望时与表示愿望时与wish用法相同。再如：用法相同。再如：If only that photograph werent missing.If only the letter had arrived in time.w would rather would rather的虚拟语气形式在这几年考查是最多的,但would rather从句的时态规则并不复杂。如果表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，否则用一般过去时。在如以下各题：w 1)The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.A.had

26、 not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not workw2)To be frank,Id rather you _ in the case.A.will not be involved B.not involved C.not to be involved D.were not involved w3)You dont have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you _ on business first.A.would go B.will go C.went D.have gonew 4)F

27、rankly speaking,Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A.didnt do B.havent done C.dont do D.have donew 5)Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A.dont B.wouldnt C.didnt D.shouldnt w答案为:1)D 2)D 3)C 4)A 5)C)w Its(about/high)time that 该句型中一律用一般过去时，再如：w You are ve

28、ry selfish.Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world,Edgar said to his boss angrily.A.realized B.have realized C.realize D.should realize 4状语从句中的虚拟语气 w状语从句中的虚拟语气主要指状语从句中的虚拟语气主要指as if/though从句中的虚拟语从句中的虚拟语气，首先请大家做一下下面三道题：气，首先请大家做一下下面三道题：w 1)He walked past the pole and

29、 soldiers as if they _.A.didnt exist B.dont exist C.hadnt existed D.were not existing w2)He operates the new computer as if he _ special training in it.A.has received B.had received C.would receive D.receivedw 3)They talked in such an uneasy manner as if something terrible _soon.A.had happened B.hap

30、pened C.would happen D.has happened w答案答案 1）A 2）B 3）C 评析谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气的状语从句一般是由谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气的状语从句一般是由as if/as though引导。该从句中时态的选择原则引导。该从句中时态的选择原则是：是：w 如果从句中谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时进如果从句中谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时进行，用过去进行时；行，用过去进行时；w 如果从句中谓语动词表示与主句谓语动词同如果从句中谓语动词表示与主句谓语动词同时存在的状态，用一般过去时，如时存在的状态，用一般过去时，如1）。）。w 如果从句中谓语动词表示先于主句谓语动词如果从句中谓语动词表示先于主句谓语动词的动作或状态，用过去完成时，如的动作或状态，用过去完成时，如2）。）。w 如果从句中谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生，如果从句中谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生，用用would/might+原形动词。原形动词。