四级考试翻译专题.ppt

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1、四级考试翻译专题 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望一、一、评分原分原则及及标准准1.整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2.结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4.整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。1.标准：准确、通准：准确、通顺、完整。、完整。2.方法：以直方法：以直译为主适当意主适当意译。3.步步骤：通通读全句，准确理解。全句，准确理解。分析成分，

2、划分意群。分析成分，划分意群。选择词义，贴切表达。切表达。适当适当调整，整，书写写译文。文。例例.Having spent some time in the city，he had no trouble_(找到去找到去历史博物史博物馆的路的路).【句意】在城市里待了一些【句意】在城市里待了一些时间后，他能毫不后，他能毫不费力地找到去力地找到去历史博物史博物馆的路。的路。【解析】【解析】题干中已干中已经给出出have no trouble，说明明考考查的是的是have(no)trouble(in)doing sth这一一词组的用法，因此可以断定，考点之一必然是的用法，因此可以断定，考点之一必然是

3、答案需要使用答案需要使用动名名词形式。形式。“找到去找到去的路的路”应该用用find the way to。【答案】【答案】finding the way to the history museum【考【考查重点】重点】动名名词形式的使用，形式的使用，类似的用法似的用法还有：有：spend some time(in)doing sth，it is no use doing sth，be interested in doing sth，warn sbagainst doing sth等等。核心等等。核心词组的的搭配搭配(如：如：find the way to)的使用也要注意。的使用也要注意。翻翻

4、译真真题评析与提高析与提高1.Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班上同学)in maths and English.(2009.6)解题步骤(一)理解：分析此句，所翻译的部分主要考查对习惯用法的掌握，而并不涉及句子时态问题。(二)表达：划分成分，句子中逗号之前部分是时间状语从句，而主句又引导宾语从句，宾语从句中核心谓语动词是had，“很难跟上班上同学”作宾语，“in maths and English”作补语。(1)切块对应翻译：“很难做某事”=have difficulty(in)do

5、ing sth.，“跟上”=keep up with，“班上同学”=his classmates。(2)重新组合：difficulty(in)keeping up with his classmates.(三)校审：检查“很难做某事”、“跟上”用have difficulty(in)doing sth.和keep up with来表达是否准确;核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案difficulty(in)keeping up with his classmates.考点剖析习惯用法：have difficulty(in)doing sth.“很难做某事”;keep up with“跟

6、上”如何在冲刺如何在冲刺阶段复段复习翻翻译题型呢？型呢？立足真立足真题，挖掘考点，挖掘考点，积极极记忆，胸有成竹！胸有成竹！新四新四级中翻中翻译考什么？核心考点是什么考什么？核心考点是什么？1.固定搭配考点固定搭配考点 By contrast,American mothers were more likely _(把孩子的成功把孩子的成功归因于因于)natural talent.【考点剖析考点剖析】1)be likely to do sth;2)owe.to/attribute.to(把把.归因于因于)比比较结构构 1.I would prefer shopping online to sho

7、pping in a department store because _.(它更加方它更加方便和省便和省时)（2007，12）it is more convenient and time-saving Since my childhood I have found that_(06,6)(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)nothing is more attractive to me than reading.nothing appeals to me more than reading.2)the more,the moreThe more you explain,_(我愈糊涂我愈糊涂)th

8、e more confused I am/become/getthe less I understand3)A is 倍数倍数+the size/length/width of B A is倍数倍数 as+原原级+as B A is倍数倍数 more than BOn average,it is said,visitors spend only（一半（一半的的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.half as much money._,(与我成与我成长的地方相比的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.(08

9、,6)Compared with the place where I grew upIn comparison with the place where I was brought up2.核心核心语法考点法考点虚虚拟语气气，其次是倒装，其次是倒装结构、从构、从句知句知识、非、非谓语动词等。等。例例1：The professor required that _(我我们交研究交研究报告告)by Wednesday.【考点剖析考点剖析】require that+sb+should+动词原形原形虚虚拟语气气1.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary (就不会

10、被大雨淋湿了就不会被大雨淋湿了).(09,6)wouldnt have been caught in the heavy rain.2.The victim_(本来有机会活本来有机会活下来下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive.of survival.3.But for you,_.(我就迷路了）我就迷路了）I would have lost my way.(without,but for,in the absence of,were it not for)4.Youd better

11、take a sweater with you_(以防天气以防天气变冷冷)(08,12)lest/in case it(should)get cold(lest,in case,for fear that)5.It is essential that _(把把这些申些申请表尽早寄出）表尽早寄出）these application forms be sent as early as possible.（It is+adj.+that.)advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative,important,necess

12、ary,proper,urgent,vital,a shame)例例2：Not only _(他向我收他向我收费过高高),but he didnt do a good repair job either(大大纲样题)【考点剖析考点剖析】倒装倒装句首的句首的Not onlydid he overcharge me _(直到直到他完成使命他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.(08.6)Not until he had accomplished/completed/finished/fulfilled his mission.3.核心核心动词

13、以及以及动词短短语的考的考查 例例1：Though a skilled worker,_(他他被公司解雇了被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.【考点剖析考点剖析】解雇解雇“dismiss,discharge,fire 在明确了新四在明确了新四级翻翻译的核心考的核心考点之后，点之后，如何如何应对？冲冲刺刺备备考考建建议议1.1.在在进行翻行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻，尽量力求翻译答案答案多多样化化，以便，以便扩展思展思维，开，开阔思路，思路，掌握重掌握重点核心表达点核心表达。2.2.绝对不能忽不能忽视以前以前词汇语法的法的单项选择题，尽量在

14、以前的尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘中挖掘新四新四级翻翻译考考点点 3.3.多背搭配多背搭配，同，同时利用利用经典搭配典搭配多造句子多造句子，完善完善语法法结构构。同。同时可以提高自己的写作可以提高自己的写作水平，一水平，一举两得。两得。4.4.强化重点化重点语法知法知识。如。如倒装倒装结构、构、虚虚拟语气、气、比比较结构、构、定定语从句从句、状状语从句从句、非非谓语动词等。等。5.5.深度分析已考翻深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会在考点，学会举一反三。一反三。1.在在进行翻行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻，尽量力求翻译答案多答案多样化，以便化，以便扩展思展思维，开，开阔思路

15、，掌握重点核思路，掌握重点核心表达。心表达。例：例：(为了了挣钱供我上学供我上学)_,mother often takes on more work than is good for her health.To earn money for my education;To earn money for my schooling;In order to make money to finance my education;In order to make money to fund my education;In order to earn money to afford my educatio

16、n2.绝对不能忽不能忽视以前以前词汇语法的法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四中挖掘新四级翻翻译考点考点 例：例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.【考点探究考点探究】give a pledge to do sth (承承诺做某事做某事)；handlein.manner(以以.方式方式)You

17、will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger【考点探究考点探究】be particular about your food(对食物挑剔食物挑剔)be selective about your food加加强语法：真法：真题中出中出现的主要句型的主要句型1.从句从句(1)主主语从句从句真真题：_(很多人没有意很多人没有意识到的到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)答案：答案：What many people don

18、t realize(2)宾语从句从句真真题：Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life_ _(是用他是用他们能能够借到多少来衡量的借到多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn.(2007.12)答案：答案：is measured by how much they can loan【真真题】_(大多数父母所关心大多数父母所关心的的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)【解析解析】本本题考考查对主主语从

19、句的掌握。从句的掌握。汉语中中“所关心的所关心的”实际上是指上是指“所关心所关心的事情的事情”，用英，用英语表达表达则使用使用what引引导的从句。的从句。What在主在主语从句中作介从句中作介词的的宾语。“关心关心”可以用可以用be concerned about表达。表达。【答案答案】What most parents are concerned about(3)表表语从句从句真真题：In my sixties,one change I notice is that_(我比以我比以前更容易累了前更容易累了).(2007.12)答案：答案：I am more likely to get ti

20、red than before(4)定定语从句从句真真题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他他们至今至今还没有答案没有答案)(2008.12)答案：答案：(that/which)they havent found solution to或或to which they havent found solution真真题：_(与我成与我成长的地方相比的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案：答案：Compared w

21、ith the place where I grew up真真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _(我我们可以合作的可以合作的领域域).(2007.6)答案：答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate(5)状状语从句从句真真题：Leaving ones job,_(不管是什么不管是什么工作工作),is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)答案：答案：whatever it is(让步状步状语从句

22、从句)真真题：I am going to pursue this course,_(无无论我要作出什么我要作出什么样的的牺牲牲).(2007.12)答案：答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状步状语从句从句)真真题：Some psychologists claim that people _(出出门在外在外时可能会感到孤独可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)答案：答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状状语从句从句)2.虚虚拟语气气历年真年真题中涉及到虚中涉及到虚拟

23、语气的考点气的考点可以可以归纳如下：如下：(1)(should)+动词原形的情形原形的情形;(2)if或或but for等引等引导的条件句的条件句;(3)wish,if only,would rather,It is(high)time that的用法。的用法。【真真题】You would not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)【答案答案】you had followed my instructions 或者或者you had followed my orders【解析解析】本本题考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是考点有两个：首先最重要的考点

24、是if从句的虚从句的虚拟语气考气考查;根据根据语法法规定，如果主定，如果主句中出句中出现would+have的形式，从句中的形式，从句中应该采用采用had+过去分去分词的的结构构;第二是固定搭配第二是固定搭配“按照按照的指令的指令”表达表达为follow my instructions 或者是或者是follow my orders 注意注意多多样化的表达，两者化的表达，两者选其一就可以其一就可以;注意很多注意很多学生出学生出现遗漏主漏主语you，造成不必要的失分。，造成不必要的失分。【真真题】The victim _(本来会有本来会有机会活下来机会活下来)if he had been take

25、n to hospital in time.(2006.12)【解析解析】本句考本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与气的掌握。在与过去事去事实相反的条件下，相反的条件下，if引引导的条件句的条件句时态是是过去完成去完成时态，主，主句句谓语一般使用一般使用would have done。【答案答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival3.倒装倒装结构构倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助、

26、助动词和情和情态动词参与的倒装。常参与的倒装。常见的倒装的倒装结构构可以分可以分为四大四大类：(1)否定倒装。否定倒装。指否定副指否定副词或否定的副或否定的副词性性结构构hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,not once,under no circumstances,in no way,no soonerthan，not onlybut also用于用于句首句首时所所导致的倒装致的倒装。Seldom did I go to theater,but now it is different.以前我很少去以前我很少去剧院，但是院，但是现在不同了。

27、在不同了。【真真题】Not only_(他向我收他向我收费过高高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.(2006.6新新)【解析解析】本本题考考查对倒装的掌握。解答此倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考需要考虑两个两个层次，首先是次，首先是动词“收收费”的的对应词，应当当译为“charge”。收。收费“过高高”往往使用往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示就可以表示“收收费过高高”。其次，。其次，not onlybut结构中构中出出现了否定了否定词前置到句首的前置到句首的现象，象，这是倒装的是倒装的标志。志。结合

28、后半句的一般合后半句的一般过去去时形式，我形式，我们要把助要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/dids he charge me too much。【答案答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much(2)虚虚拟倒装。倒装。指在指在if引引导的虚的虚拟条件条件句中，将句中，将if省略，把省略，把should,had,were提至主提至主语前，形成倒装。前，形成倒装。Were I you,Ill never promise to do that.如果我是你，如果我是你，绝对不会答

29、不会答应那么做的。那么做的。(3)强调倒装倒装。为突出突出强调某一成分而将它提某一成分而将它提至句首至句首时，实行倒装，如：行倒装，如：A.so 倒装句倒装句So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.他工作如此勤他工作如此勤奋以至于以至于经常常废寝忘食。寝忘食。B.以某些表示肯定的副以某些表示肯定的副词开开头作状作状语：only,often,thenThen did I throw myself into the chair,exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死

30、了。Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.我我们只有通只有通过努力工作才能努力工作才能获得想要的得想要的东西。西。(4)在在“so+形容形容词that分句分句”结构中，构中，如将如将“so+形容形容词”置于句首以示置于句首以示强调时，其后的系，其后的系动词be则要移到主要移到主语前面，形成主前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。的完全倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感她感动得得说不出不出话来。来。模模拟习题：1.Sheneverlaughed,_(也从不也从不发脾气脾气)。2.

31、Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinboldtypesoasto_(吸吸引引读者的注意力者的注意力)。3.Theroomisinaterriblemess,it_(肯定没打肯定没打扫过)。4.（这个个计划成功的关划成功的关键）_isgoodplanning.5.WhenI_(发现他他骗我我)Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.答案：答案：1.nordidsheeverlosetemper/becomeangry(本本题有两个考察点，第一，表示有两个考察点，第一，表示“两个都不

32、两个都不”的否的否定定词应该用用nor，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，“发脾气脾气”的表达法：的表达法：losetemper/becomeangry)2.draw/attractreadersattention(考察考察draw/attractreadersattention“引起某人注引起某人注意意”，soasto后接后接dosth.)3.canthavebeencleaned(“情情态动词+havedone”表示推表示推测，cant表示不可能，表示不可能，如推如推测的事的事为过去式，去式，则情情态动词后用完成式后用完成式)4.Thekeytothesu

33、ccessofthisproject(key在在这里解答、关里解答、关键，其后一般接介，其后一般接介词to)5.found/caughthimcheatingme Test 1 1._(从太空上来看从太空上来看)，our earth,with water covering about 75%of its surface,appears as a“blue planet”.2.Anti-government demonstrations do occur,but seldom,if ever,_(正如正如报纸上上报道他道他们的那的那样)。3.He lent me a thousand pound

34、s,_(那正好那正好是我需要的数目是我需要的数目)to solve my problem.4.The villagers_(理所当理所当然地然地认为)that we should build new roads.5._(如果我和我如果我和我兄弟之兄弟之间出出现争吵争吵)，my dad settles it.1.Seen from spaceSeen from space此此处用做状用做状语，它和句子主句，它和句子主句the earth 的关系是被的关系是被动的，要用的，要用过去分去分词，being seen 是是现在分在分词的被的被动形式，形式，这种形式用在种形式用在动作正在作正在进行行或与或

35、与谓语表示的表示的动词同同时发生，在作状生，在作状语的分的分词里里较少适用。少适用。2.are they reported in the newspaperbut 后的分句是以含有否定意后的分句是以含有否定意义的的seldom起首的，起首的，后面要用倒装后面要用倒装结构。由于是被构。由于是被报纸报道，所以道，所以report 要用它的被要用它的被动形式。形式。3.which is exactly the amount I needed此此处用关系代用关系代词which 指代指代a thousand pounds.英英语中表示金中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名、距离等数量的名词短短语，虽然然形式

36、上是复数的，其后形式上是复数的，其后动词仍用仍用单数形式。数形式。4.take it for grantedtake it for granted 是固定搭配，意思是是固定搭配，意思是“理所当然理所当然地地认为”。5.If any quarrel arises between my brother and me此句容易把此句容易把arise 用成用成rise，但是，但是 rise的意思是的意思是“升升起，起来起，起来”，而，而arise 的意思是的意思是“出出现，发生，呈生，呈现”，主，主语一般一般为抽象名抽象名词，如，如“problem,trouble,quarrel”等等.Test 21_

37、(钟声响了声响了)and we realized it was already two oclock in the afternoon.2.Finding it difficult to _(适适应那里的气候那里的气候)，he decided to move to the north.3.He asked the teacher to_(解解释得更得更详细一一些些)。4_(与成年人与成年人学学习外外语相比相比)children do not have good conditions,but they can master mother tongue completely.5._(就外表而言就外

38、表而言)，Jack and his younger brother have little in common.1.The clock struck 时钟报时用用strike,而不用而不用ring.电话铃响了一般用响了一般用ring.2.adapt to the climate thereadapt to 有有“与与相适相适应”的意思，的意思，还可以用可以用“be accustomed to”或或“be adjusted to”来表来表达达类似的意思。注意似的意思。注意这些些“to”后面一定要跟名后面一定要跟名词或或动名名词。3.explain the word in greater deta

39、il“explain the word in greater detail”即即“详细解解释某事某事”的意思。的意思。4.Compared with adults learning foreign languages此句考此句考查分分词的正确使用，它的主的正确使用，它的主语是是children,与与adults相比，与相比，与compare是是动宾关系，所以要用关系，所以要用表示被表示被动关系的关系的过去分去分词形式。形式。5.As far as the appearance is concerned“as far as something is concerned”表示表示“就就而言而言”，

40、相似的短，相似的短语有有“as something referred”,表示就某事物的某方面作表示就某事物的某方面作说明。明。练习 11.I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学跟得上班上的其他同学)答案：答案：keeping up with the rest of the class 2._(我我们没有人料到主席会出没有人料到主席会出现)at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.答案：答案：none of us expected the chairman to turn up 3.A g

41、ood many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如正如预料的那料的那样).答案：答案：as was to be expected 4.Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一是一门科学，也是一科学，也是一门艺术).答案：答案：an art as it is a science 5.Some women _(本来能本来能够挣一份很好的工一份很好的工资)in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for

42、the sale of the family.答案：答案：could have made a good salary.6.Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法无法获得得)to the health service.答案：答案：to have no access 7.Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生了学生迟到到)his lecture.答案：答案：to students being late for 8.The price of beer_(从从5

43、0美美分到分到4美元不等美元不等)per liter during the summer season.答案：答案：ranges/varies from 50 cents to$4 9.Wed like _(预订一一张餐桌餐桌)five for dinner this evening.答案：答案：to reserve a table for 10.Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻想找麻烦).答案：答案：to make trouble 11.It may be nec

44、essary to stop_(每隔每隔时间)in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.答案：答案：at intervals 12.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己害自己).答案：答案：injure himself 13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准忙着准备)her examinati

45、on.答案：答案：busy preparing for 14.The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不得不用手工操作不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.答案：答案：had to be operated manually 15.Why didnt you tell me you could me the money?I_(本来不必从本来不必从银行借行借钱的的)答案：答案：neednt have borrowed it from the bank.16.By the time you get to New York

46、,I_(已已经动身去身去)London.答案：答案：shall have left for 17.Buying clothes_(是一件很是一件很耗耗时的工作的工作),because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.答案：答案：is often a very time-consuming job 18.Its time_(采取措采取措施施)about the traffic problem downtown.答案：答案：something was done/some measur

47、es were taken 19.When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon_(克服了克服了这种心理种心理).答案：答案：overcame it/got over it 20.Please dont stand in the kitchen,youre_(挡路了路了).答案：答案：in the way 练习 221There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone _(打打扰我我)that evening.22._(正是由于她太没有

48、正是由于她太没有经验)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I _(发现他他骗我我)I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24.The manager would rather his daughter_(不在一个不在一个办公室内工公室内工作作).25.The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最最终因天气不好而取消了因天气不好而取消了).26I_

49、(将在做将在做实验)from three to five this afternoon.27.How close parents are to their children_ _(有很有很强的影响的影响)the character of the children.28.But for his help,I _(我不可我不可能能这么早完成么早完成).29.His remarks left me _(想知道他的真想知道他的真实目目的的).30.Mark often_(试图逃逃脱脱罚款款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.答答案案21.had interr

50、upted me22.it is because she is too inexperienced23.caught him cheating me24.did not work in the same office25.was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather26.will be doing/conducting the experiment27.has a strong influence on 28.would not have finished so early29.wondering about his r