第二章国际结算中的票据..优秀PPT.ppt

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1、Chapter two Negotiable instrumentsGeneral introductionBill of Exchange/DraftPromissory NoteCheckWhat is a negotiable instrument?Forms of circulationCharacteristics of negotiable instrumentsFunctions of negotiable instrumentsParties to a negotiable instrumentTitle to a negotiable instrumentNegotiable

2、 instrument lawsGeneral introduction in a broad sense,a negotiable instrument refers to any commercial title ownership.in a narrow sense,a negotiable instrument is a written document that contains an unconditional promise by the drawer to pay the payee or an unconditional order by the drawer to the

3、drawee to pay the payee a fixed amount of money at a definite time meaning of negotiable instruments 过户转让（过户转让（assignmentassignment）非流通）非流通 特点：书面形式特点：书面形式 转让通知原债务人或登记过户转让通知原债务人或登记过户 受让人权利受前手缺陷的影响受让人权利受前手缺陷的影响 当事人：转让人、受让人、原始债务人当事人：转让人、受让人、原始债务人交付转让交付转让(transfer)(transfer)准流通或半流通准流通或半流通特点：交付背书转让特点：交付背

4、书转让 不通知原债务人不通知原债务人 受让人的权利受前手权利缺陷的影响受让人的权利受前手权利缺陷的影响 当事人：转让人，受让人当事人：转让人，受让人 流通转让流通转让(negotiation)(negotiation)完全流通完全流通特点：正值受让人权利优于前手，不受其缺陷的影响特点：正值受让人权利优于前手，不受其缺陷的影响 forms of circulation举举例例说说明明：甲甲欠欠乙乙100元元而而出出具具以以乙乙为为债债权权人人的的字字据据给给乙乙，让让其其凭凭字字据据找找丙丙去去取取，同同时时乙乙原原来来曾曾欠欠丙丙30元元未未还还，随随后后乙乙将将此此字字据据又又转转让让给给丁

5、丁。问问丁丁能能否否从从丙丙处处获得全额款项？获得全额款项？如如是是字字据据，按按民民法法原原则则，丙丙可可实实行行将将其其对对乙乙的的30元元债债权转让给丁的方法来冲抵而只需付权转让给丁的方法来冲抵而只需付70如如是是票票据据，按按票票据据法法原原则则，必必需需全全额额付付款款，而而不不能能用用乙的权利缺陷来对抗丁的正值票据权利乙的权利缺陷来对抗丁的正值票据权利NegotiabilityNon-causativeRequisite in formLiterally determined contentPresenting for payment Characteristics of nego

6、tiable instruments案例分析案例分析 1997 1997年年8 8月，某市月，某市A A公司与新加坡公司与新加坡B B商签订了一份进口胶合板的合同。合同总金额为商签订了一份进口胶合板的合同。合同总金额为700700万万美元，支付方式为付款交单，允许分批装运。第一批价值为美元，支付方式为付款交单，允许分批装运。第一批价值为6060万美元的胶合板准时到货，质万美元的胶合板准时到货，质量良好，对双方合作很满足。就在其次批交货期来临之际，量良好，对双方合作很满足。就在其次批交货期来临之际，B B商向商向A A公司提出：鉴于贵公司资公司提出：鉴于贵公司资金周转困难，为了帮助贵方，我方允许

7、贵公司实行远期付款。金周转困难，为了帮助贵方，我方允许贵公司实行远期付款。贵公司作为买方，可以给我方贵公司作为买方，可以给我方开出一张见票后一年付款开出一张见票后一年付款700700万美元的汇票，请中国人民建设银行某市分行承兑。承兑后，我万美元的汇票，请中国人民建设银行某市分行承兑。承兑后，我方保证将方保证将700700万美元的胶合板在一年内交货。贵方全部收货后，再付给我方万美元的胶合板在一年内交货。贵方全部收货后，再付给我方700700万美元的货款。万美元的货款。A A公司以为现在不付款，只开张远期票据就可得到货物在国内市场销售，于是欣然接受了公司以为现在不付款，只开张远期票据就可得到货物在

8、国内市场销售，于是欣然接受了B B商商的建议，给的建议，给B B商签发了一张见票后一年付款商签发了一张见票后一年付款700700万美元的汇票。但万美元的汇票。但A A公司始料不及的是，公司始料不及的是，B B商将商将这张承兑了的远期票据在新加坡的美国银行贴现这张承兑了的远期票据在新加坡的美国银行贴现600600万美元。从今却一张胶合板都不交给万美元。从今却一张胶合板都不交给A A公公司。事实上，司。事实上，B B商将这笔巨款骗到手后便无影无踪了。商将这笔巨款骗到手后便无影无踪了。一年后，新加坡的美国银行持这张承兑了的远期票据请建行某市分行付款。尽管一年后，新加坡的美国银行持这张承兑了的远期票据

9、请建行某市分行付款。尽管B B商没有商没有交货，某市分行却不得以此为理由拒绝向善意持票人美国银行支付票据金额。最终，由于本交货，某市分行却不得以此为理由拒绝向善意持票人美国银行支付票据金额。最终，由于本案金额巨大，报请国务院批准，由建行某市分行付给美国银行案金额巨大，报请国务院批准，由建行某市分行付给美国银行600600万美元而结案。万美元而结案。对于这张远期票据，对于这张远期票据，A A公司为出票人，公司为出票人，B B商为收款人，建行某市分商为收款人，建行某市分行为付款人。行为付款人。A A公司与公司与B B商之间的胶合板买卖合同是该票据的缘由商之间的胶合板买卖合同是该票据的缘由关系，使得

10、关系，使得A A公司情愿向公司情愿向B B商开立这张汇票。商开立这张汇票。A A公司曾经向建行某市公司曾经向建行某市分行供应了资金，它们之间的这种资金关系使得建行某市分行情分行供应了资金，它们之间的这种资金关系使得建行某市分行情愿向愿向A A公司供应信用，承兑了这张远期汇票。美国银行与公司供应信用，承兑了这张远期汇票。美国银行与B B商之间商之间有对价关系，美国银行善意地付了有对价关系，美国银行善意地付了600600万美元的对价而受让，从而万美元的对价而受让，从而成为这张汇票的善意持票人。但票据的最大特点就是，票据法律成为这张汇票的善意持票人。但票据的最大特点就是，票据法律关系一经形成，即与基

11、础关系相分别。票据基础关系的存在和有关系一经形成，即与基础关系相分别。票据基础关系的存在和有效与否并不对善意持票人的票据权利而产生影响。所以，效与否并不对善意持票人的票据权利而产生影响。所以，B B商事实商事实上没有交货，或者上没有交货，或者A A公司并没有足够的美元存在建行，都不影响美公司并没有足够的美元存在建行，都不影响美国银行对承兑人的付款恳求权。对美国银行来说，这张票据上并国银行对承兑人的付款恳求权。对美国银行来说，这张票据上并没有写胶合板，只有一句话：没有写胶合板，只有一句话：“见票后一年付见票后一年付700700万美元万美元”。票据。票据法律关系应依票据法的规定加以解决，票据基础关

12、系则应以民法法律关系应依票据法的规定加以解决，票据基础关系则应以民法规定加以解决。规定加以解决。B B商正是利用了票据的特性才行骗得逞的。商正是利用了票据的特性才行骗得逞的。举例：甲交给乙一张经付款银行承兑的期票，作为举例：甲交给乙一张经付款银行承兑的期票，作为向乙订货的预付款，乙在票据上背书后转让给丙以向乙订货的预付款，乙在票据上背书后转让给丙以偿还原欠丙的借款，丙于到期日向承兑银行提示取偿还原欠丙的借款，丙于到期日向承兑银行提示取款，恰遇当地法院公告该行于当天起进行破产清理，款，恰遇当地法院公告该行于当天起进行破产清理，因而被退票。丙随即向甲追索，甲以乙所交货物质因而被退票。丙随即向甲追索

13、，甲以乙所交货物质次为由予以拒绝，并称已于次为由予以拒绝，并称已于1010天前通知银行止付，天前通知银行止付，止付通知及止付理由也已通知了乙。在此状况下丙止付通知及止付理由也已通知了乙。在此状况下丙再向乙追索。乙以票据系甲开立为由推诿不理。丙再向乙追索。乙以票据系甲开立为由推诿不理。丙遂向法院起诉，被告为甲、乙与银行三方。你认为遂向法院起诉，被告为甲、乙与银行三方。你认为法院将如何判决？法院将如何判决？甲、乙的拒付理由不成立，银行已破产清理，只需甲、乙的拒付理由不成立，银行已破产清理，只需向甲、乙追索即可。向甲、乙追索即可。支付工具支付工具payment instrument流通工具流通工具t

14、ransferable instrument信用工具信用工具credit instrument融资工具融资工具financing instrument Functions of negotiable instrument出票人出票人drawer 付款人付款人payer/drawee 收款人收款人payee 背书人背书人endorser 承兑人承兑人acceptor 持票人持票人holder Parties to a negotiable instrument正值持票人正值持票人/善意的持票人（善意的持票人（holder in due course/bona fide holder）：）：The

15、 instrument should be complete and regular on its face;The instrument is before maturity and the holder did not notice its previous dishonor,if any;The holder took it in good faith and for value;The holder did not notice any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiatin

16、g it付对价持票人付对价持票人holder for value:a person who possesses an instrument for which value has been given by himself or by some other person prior to him in forms of money,goods,or services.ACDEBDrew a draft on BEndorsed and lost itPicked it up and transferred it to E for valueAccepted the draftFGave it

17、as a presentClaim for payment(第一次恳求权，主权利第一次恳求权，主权利)Recourse(其次次恳求权其次次恳求权)Only when the claim of holder for payment cant be satisfied,can recourse right be effected.Titles to a negotiable instrumentBritish law UK Bills of Exchange Act of 1882 US Uniform Commercial Code of 1962,Article 3French and Ger

18、man lawUniform law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes of Geneva of 1930 Convention Providing a Uniform Law for International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes and Convention Providing a Uniform law for International Checks United Nations 1988Negotiable Instrument Law of Pe

19、oples Republic of China Negotiable instrument lawsConcept Essential items required in a bill of exchangeActs relating to a bill of exchange Classification of bills of exchange Practice of bills of exchange Bill of exchangesection 3,bill of exchange act,1882,UK A Bill of exchange is an unconditional

20、order in writing,addressed by one person to another,signed by the person giving it,requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person or to bearer.definitionv汇票是由一个人（汇票是由一个人（drawer）v向另一个

21、人签发的向另一个人签发的(drawee)/受票人受票人v无条件的无条件的unconditonalv书面吩咐书面吩咐order in writingv要要求求其其在在见见票票时时或或在在将将来来某某一一规规定定的的或或可可以以确确定定的的时间时间(tenor)v将将确确定定金金额额的的款款项项支支付付给给某某一一特特定定的的人人或或指指定定的的人人，或持票人或持票人(payee)Absolutely necessary itemsRelatively necessary itemsItems at willEssential items required in a bill of exchang

22、e出票（出票（Issue）背书（背书（Endorsement）提示（提示（Presentation）承兑（承兑（Acceptance）保证（保证（Guarantee or Aval）付款（付款（Payment）拒付（拒付（Dishonor）追索（追索（Recourse）参与承兑和参与付款（参与承兑和参与付款（Acceptance/Payment for honor)Acts relating to a bill of exchangeAccording to the drawer:Bankers draft and traders draftAccording to the acceptor:

23、Bankers acceptance and traders acceptanceAccording to the tenor Demand draft/sight draft and time/usance draftAccording to whether commercial documents are attached thereto Clean draft and documentary draftClassification of bills of exchangeDiscounting of a bill of exchangeAccommodation bill融通汇票融通汇票

24、Practice of bills of exchangeDiscounting is to sell a time bill already accepted by the drawee but not yet fallen due to a financial institution at a price less than its face value.Calculating formula：D=Vtd/360 N=V-D D:discount interest V:face value t:tenor d:discounting rate(n%p.a.)N:net proceeds C

25、reditworthiness:Standing of the drawer and the accepterDrawn clause showing the reason for issuing the draft Discounting of bills of exchange 被融通人开出融通汇票，没有付给对价，要求融通被融通人开出融通汇票，没有付给对价，要求融通人（高资信的非债务人）承兑汇票（提高汇票的信用身人（高资信的非债务人）承兑汇票（提高汇票的信用身价以便贴现），再交给贴现人予以贴现，获得票款；等价以便贴现），再交给贴现人予以贴现，获得票款；等到汇票到期日前，被融通人应把足额票款

26、交给承兑人，到汇票到期日前，被融通人应把足额票款交给承兑人，此时贴现人向承兑人提示要求付款，承兑人运用被融通此时贴现人向承兑人提示要求付款，承兑人运用被融通人交来资金付款给贴现人，结清这笔融资业务。人交来资金付款给贴现人，结清这笔融资业务。Accommodation bill图示图示 伦敦出口公司向墨尔本一家公司出口货款为伦敦出口公司向墨尔本一家公司出口货款为6600英镑，由出口英镑，由出口商开出远期汇票，出票后商开出远期汇票，出票后60天付款。伦巴第银行为伦敦某承兑公司。天付款。伦巴第银行为伦敦某承兑公司。1.The issue of a draft A draft for USD 100,

27、000.00 is drawn by The American Exporter Co.,Ltd,Tampa,Florida,U.S.A on the French Issuing Bank,Paris,France payable at 60 days after sight to the order of ourselves dated 15 May.,2006 marked“Drawn under The French Issuing Bank,Paris,France L/C No.12345 dated 25 Feb.,2006.”2.A draft indicates that“a

28、t 10 days from 11 may,2006 pay to the order of A company”,the maturity of the draft falls on _3.A draft is partly shown as follows:exchange for GBP12,500.00 New York,23 May 2006 at 60 days after B/L date 23/May/2006 pay to the order of ourselves the sum of US dollars one thousand only.Suppose the ac

29、cepted draft was discounted on 23 may,2006 by the collecting bank,Bank of Asia,London at the rate of 9%per annum.Please calculate discount amount and net proceeds.Exercises1.Exchange forUSD100,000.00 Tempa,15 May,2006 2.At 60 days after sight pay to the order of Ourselves the sum of US dollars one h

30、undred thousand only.3.“Drawn under The French Issuing Bank,Paris,France L/C No.12345 dated 25 Feb.,2006”4.To The French Issuing Bank.For The American Exporter Co.,5.Paris Ltd,Tempa 6.signature7.2.When ISBP does not put into force,the maturity falls on 20 May,20068.when ISBP puts into force,the matu

31、rity falls on 21May,20063.Discount amount:1250060/365 9/100=184.934.Net Proceeds=12500-184.93What is a promissory noteEssential items of a promissory noteThe difference between a bill and a noteTypes of notesPromissory note 本票是出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定的金额本票是出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。给收款人或持票人

32、的票据。UK Bills of Exchange Act of 1882,Article 83 A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another,signed by the maker,engaging to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer.

33、Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory notes of Geneva of 1930 Meaning of Promissory note The word“promissory note”An unconditional promise to payName of the payeeSignature of the makerPlace and date of issueTenorA sum certain in moneyPlace of paymentEssential items of a promissory note An

34、 order to pay&a promise to payBasic parties involved:three-party instrument&two-party instrument Forms:in a set&one copyActs involved:for a promissory note,never acceptedMain obligor:for a draft,the drawer is primarily liable for payment before acceptance,but after acceptance the acceptor becomes pr

35、imarily liable for payment.for a promissory note,maker is always primarily liable for payment.When dishonor,protest is needed for foreign bill but not for promissory note.difference between a bill and a noteTraders notesBankers notes国际小额本票（国际小额本票（International Money Order）旅行支票（旅行支票（Travellers Cheque

36、）中心银行本票（中心银行本票（Central Bankers Notes）Negotiable certificates of deposit Various bondsTypes Concept and essential itemsDifference between a bill and a chequeTypes Cheques 出票人签发的，托付办理支票存款业务的银行或其他出票人签发的，托付办理支票存款业务的银行或其他金融机构在见票时无条件支付确定金额给持票人或收款人金融机构在见票时无条件支付确定金额给持票人或收款人的票据。的票据。A check is a bill of excha

37、nge drawn on a bank payable on demand;A check is an unconditional order in writing,signed by the person giving it,requiring the bank to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to,or to the order of,a specified person or to bearer.Concept and essential itemsCheck-payment instrume

38、nt&bill-payment and credit instrumentActs:certified and crossedLimitations on the drawer and drawee:for a check,the drawee must be the bank with which the drawer opens a checking accountA check can be cancelled before payment while for a bill,the payment is irrevocable after acceptancein a set&one c

39、opy Difference between a bill and a cheque划线支票（划线支票（crossed check):a crossing is in effect an instruction by the drawer or holder to the paying bank to pay the fund to bank only instead of over the counter of the paying bank.现金支票现金支票(open check)保付支票（保付支票（certified check)Types vA check is certified b

40、y the drawee bank.Once a check is certified by the drawee bank,all other obligors on the check will be discharged of the liability of the payment.v保付保付&保证：保证：v保付只是支票的行为，保证是三种票据的共同行为保付只是支票的行为，保证是三种票据的共同行为v保付只能由支票的付款人作出，保证人则可是除票据保付只能由支票的付款人作出，保证人则可是除票据债务人以外的任何人债务人以外的任何人v保付人成为确定的债务人，出票人和背书人的责任便保付人成为确定的

41、债务人，出票人和背书人的责任便免除，保证人和被保证人都是汇票的债务人免除，保证人和被保证人都是汇票的债务人v全额保付全额保付v支票保付人向持票人支付了支票金额，票据关系歼灭，支票保付人向持票人支付了支票金额，票据关系歼灭，保证人支付后，还可向被保证人和其前手追索保证人支付后，还可向被保证人和其前手追索Certified checksvThe word“exchange”vAn unconditional order to pay vA fixed amount of moneyvName of the payee 1)1)限限制制性性（Restricted Restricted OrderOr

42、der）不不能能流流通通转转让让,只只有有汇汇票票上指定的收款人才能接受票款上指定的收款人才能接受票款 e.g.pay to*only;not e.g.pay to*only;not tranferrabletranferrable 2)2)指示性指示性（Demonstrative OrderDemonstrative Order）可经背书转让可经背书转让 pay to the order of*/pay to*(or order)pay to the order of*/pay to*(or order)3)3)来人抬头（我国不允许）来人抬头（我国不允许）pay to bearerpay t

43、o bearerAbsolutely necessary items(一)vDate of issue to determine the expiry date and paying date;make sure whether the drawer has disposing capacity vName of drawee vThe signature of the drawer without the signature of the drawer or forged signature makesan instrument invalid.(二)Absolutely necessary

44、 items(二)vPlace of issue vPlace of payment vTenor v即期付款即期付款(pay on demand/at sight)v远期付款：出票后定期远期付款：出票后定期certain days after date v 见票后定期见票后定期certain days after sight v 定日付款定日付款fixed date v 提单日后定日付款提单日后定日付款certain days after B/L vCalculating the due date of a billv 严格依据汇票的文义推算，月为日历月，半严格依据汇票的文义推算，月为日历月

45、，半15天，如天，如遇节假日则顺延遇节假日则顺延v at 30 days after date;at 60 days from*Relatively necessary items利息、利率及汇率利息、利率及汇率（interest，interest and exchange rate）提示期限（提示期限（Limit of time for presentation）出票依据（出票依据（Drawn Clause）免作退票通知或放弃拒绝证书（免作退票通知或放弃拒绝证书（Notice of Dishonor Excused or Protest Waived）付一不付二付一不付二预备付款人（预备付款

46、人（Referee in case of need）Items at willComprises:1 1）to draw and sign a bill;2 2）to deliver it to the payee According to the negotiable instrument law：The bill should be complete in form stipulated by the negotiable instrument law in the place of issue；By drawing a bill,the drawer engages that on du

47、e presentment the bill will be accepted and paid and that,if dishonored,he will compensate the holder。Issue payeepayerdrawerThe payee or holder signs on the back of the bill and delivers it to the endorseeEndorsementNotes:A valid endorsement should be an endorsement of the entire bill;By endorsing a

48、n instrument,the endorser guarantee that on due presentment the bill shall be accepted and paid as specified.Types：1)Special endorsement 记名背书记名背书/特殊背书特殊背书/正式背正式背书书/完全背书完全背书 Pay to the order of ABC Co.,signed2)Blank endorsement 空白背书空白背书 3)Restrictive endorsement 限制性背书限制性背书 Pay to A only/not transfera

49、ble/not negotiable/pay to A bank for account of B Co.4)Endorsement for collection 托付取款背书（托收托付取款背书（托收背书）背书）5)Endorsement for pledge质押背书质押背书 endorseeendorser date AFirst endorsement C BSecond endorsement CThird endorsement E DFourth endorsementThe drawee sign on the face of bill,and deliver it to the

50、person presenting for acceptance,by which the drawee shows his assent to the order of drawerForms：the word“accepted”;date;signature of the draweeTypes：general acceptance:without any qualification qualified acceptance:1)a conditional acceptance(refuse to accept)e.g.accepted payable providing goods in