考研英语语法 特殊限定词的用法详解附译文.docx

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1、考研英语语法特殊限定词的用法 详解附译文A表示“多的限定词表示“多的限定词有 many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty 0f 等。1 ) many, much常用于否认句和疑问句，而a lot of等那么常用于肯定 句。I havent seen many English novels.Have you drunk much water today?I have seen a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a great number of English novels.I have drunk a lot of / lots

2、of / plenty of / a great amount of water today.2 ) many / much既可作限定词，也可作不定代词，a lot也可单独 用作名词词组：Have you seen all these novels?No, I havent done very many.8 . or some-some- or other 表示对人(somebody ).事(something ).地点(somewhere )不太确定 -Who told you the story?这个故事是谁告诉你的?-Somebody or other. I cant remember.

3、某个人吧，我记不得了。9 .另外，同学们要记住一些含or的固定结构(1) now or never 勿失良机(2 ) more or less 或多或少(3 ) believe it or not 信不信由你(4 ) or better yet 更好的是And/Or这两个单词虽然很常见，但是很少有同学能够按照表达含义或 语法功能来对其进行准确的分类，请大家务必重视这两个小小的连词。You have done a lot for me.A表示少”的限定词表示“少的限定词有(a) few, (a) little01 ) a few, a little表示“少量”，带有肯定意义。Lets invit

4、e a few friends to our party.I had a little difficulty in reading this poem.2 ) few / little 表示否认意义，相当于 not many / much, not enoughoI have very few pens left. Could you give me some more.There is little food in the fridge. Let s go to the supermarket.3 ) quite a fewf a good few, not a few 表示“相当多。Qui

5、te a few of us are getting tired.Youll have to wait a good few days.A表示“一些”的限定词 表示一些的限定词有some, any。1) some是肯定词，常用于肯定句；any是非肯定词，常用于否认句 或疑问句。There are some books for me.There arent any books for me.Are there any books for me?2) any也常用于条件分句：If you have any trouble, please call me.3)当说话人期待肯定答时，some也可用于疑

6、问句。Would you like some cake?4 ) some与单数可数名词搭配时，表示某一“；any与单数可数名词 搭配，表示“任何一个。Some boy has broken the bowl.Any child could answer that question.A特殊限定词1)表示全体，可用all和both。其中both那么表示两者的“全 体”，all表示三者及以上的“全体”。All the ten applicants today are below the average.今天所有这十 位申请者都在平均数以下。Both his parents are doctors.他

7、父母两人都是医生。2 ）表示全体都不”，那么需要用none和neither : bothneither , allnone/ none （指人）。None of the students passed the examination.没有一个学生通过 考试。=No one passed the examination.没有一个学生通过考试。（no one只能指人，不能指物。）Neither of the two students passed the examination.两个学生者B 没有通过考试。3 ）表示全体中的“每个，用each和every。其中，两者之间必须 用each ,三者及以

8、上既可以用each ,也可以用every。Each side of the street was full of flowers.街道的两边都是鲜花。Every student in the class all passed the examination.这个班的每 个学生都通过了考试。4底示全体中的任何一个“，两者之间用either，三者及以上用any。I have two pens. You can take either (one).Any child would know how to do it.每个孩子都知道如何做这个。5 )这一类词，除every只能作限定词外，都是既可作限定词

9、，也可作 不定代词。all (of) the boysboth (of) the boysevery boy / every one of the boyseach boy / each (one) of the boyseither boy / either (one) of the (two) boysneither boy / neither (one) of the (two) boysany boy / any (one) of the (three or more) boys对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确 定和判断。归纳起来，有以下几点方法：1 .根

10、据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。如：Water is the natural medium in which fish live.水是鱼类赖以生存 的自然环境。（注意搭配live in）The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们找寻的文件已经找至I了。（注意搭配search for）This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.这 是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。（注意搭配argue about）注意，对于那些由动词与介词构

11、成的短语动词， 用，此时应注意介词的位置应。如：The boy （whom） my sister is looking after is getting better.不能说成:The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.2 .根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。如：Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。（注意搭配 be interested in）He referred

12、 me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。（注意搭配be familiar with）3 .根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher s desk.这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。（注意搭配in the front of our classroom）r II never forget the day on which she said goodbye to m

13、e.我永 远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。（注意搭配on the day）4 .根据句意来确定介词的使用。如：This is the book from which I got the story.这就是那本书,从中我 读到这个故事。（由于句意含有从的意思，所以用介词from）This I did at nine o clock, after which I sat reading the paper.九 点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。（由于句意含有在之后的意 思，所以用介词after）And用法Land译为“和“、并，此时，and用来连接语法作用相同的词、 短语或句子(1) Lucy an

14、d I go to swimming once a week.我和露西每周游泳一 次。(2 ) They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我 们汉语，我们教他们英语。2、And用来连接两个动词或动词词组表示动作先后发生。此时and 可译为“然后Go along the street, and take the second turning on the left.沿 这条街走，然后在第二个路口向左拐。3、在口语中，and常用在gof come, try等动词后，连接另一个动词， 表示目的。此时and相当于to,不必译出(1) Go a

15、nd see!去看看!(2 ) Come and have a rest.来休息一下。a Or用法英语中，表示选择关系的并列连词主要有or和either.。上其中or作 为连词，也是有多种不同的含义和用法。1、用于引出另一种可能性，表示“或者，还是“Are you coming or not ?你来还是不来?2、用于否认句，提出两种或多种事物时，表示“也不I don t like tea or coffee.我不喜欢喝茶,也不喜欢喝咖啡。3、用于警告，表示“否那么”Hurry up, or you will be late for school.快点，否那么你上学要迟到了。4、用于两个数字间，表示“大约”There are seven or eight people in front of us.我们前面有七八个 人。5、用于引出解释性词语，表示“或者说He likes geology, or the science of the earth s crust.他喜欢地质 学，或者说地壳的科学。6、用于引出比照概念He was lying-or was he?他在说谎，还是没有说谎？7、or so有“大约的意思It cost me $100 or so to buy this book.这本书大约花了我 100 美元。