2022年元素符号化学式方程式2 .pdf
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1、学习好资料欢迎下载中考化学知识记忆班级姓名1.核电荷数1-20 的元素名称、符号氢 H 氦 He 锂 Li 铍 Be 硼 B,碳 C 氮 N 氧 O 氟 F 氖 Ne 钠 Na 镁 Mg 铝 Al 硅 Si 磷 P 硫 S 氯 Cl 氩 Ar 钾 K 钙 Ca 2.元素符号、相对原子质量：氢 H 1 氦 He4 碳 C 12 氮 N 14 氧 O16 氟 F19 氖 Ne20 钠 Na23 镁 Mg24 铝Al27 硅 Si28 磷 P31 硫 S32 氯 Cl35.5 氩 Ar40 钾 K39 钙 Ca40 锰Mn55 铁 Fe56 铜 Cu64 锌 Zn65 银 Ag108 钡 Ba137
2、 铂 Pt195 金 Au197 汞 Hg 201 碘 I 127 3.常见离子和化合物中元素的化合价：氢离子 H+钠离子 Na+钾离子 K+银离子 Ag+铵根离子NH4+钙离子 Ca2+镁离子 Mg2+铜离子Cu2+钡离子Ba2+锌离子 Zn2+亚铁离子Fe2+铁离子 Fe3+铝离子 Al3+氯离子Cl-氢氧根离子OH-硝酸根离子NO3-氧离子O2-硫酸根离子SO42-碳酸根离子 CO32-1H1Na1K1Ag14NH2Ca2Mg2Cu2Ba2Zn)(2亚铁元素Fe)(3铁元素Fe3Al1Cl1OH13NO2O24SO23CO（碳酸根显-2 价或显-2 价的碳酸根）4.常见物质的化学式与名称
3、：单质：C:碳 S:硫 P:磷Fe:铁Mg:镁 Al:铝 Hg:汞Zn:锌Cu:铜Ag:银 O2:氧气H2:氢气N2:氮气O3:臭氧氧化物CO:一氧化碳CO2:二氧化碳SO2:二氧化硫MnO2:二氧化锰SO3:三氧化硫H2O2:过氧化氢CuO:氧化铜CaO:氧化钙MgO:氧化镁HgO:氧化汞Fe2O3:氧化铁Al2O3:氧化铝学习好资料欢迎下载H2O:水P2O5:五氧化二磷Fe3O4:四氧化三铁酸：HCl:盐酸H2SO4:硫酸HNO3:硝酸H2CO3:碳酸H2SO3亚硫酸CH3COOH:醋酸碱:NaOH:氢氧化钠Ca(OH)2:氢氧化钙KOH:氢氧化钾Mg(OH)2:氢氧化镁Cu(OH)2:氢
4、氧化铜NH3.H2O 氨水Fe(OH)3:氢氧化铁Al(OH)3:氢氧化铁盐酸盐：KCl:氯化钾NaCl:氯化钠KCl:氯化钾AgCl:氯化银CuCl2:氯化铜CaCl2:氯化钙MgCl2:氯化镁ZnCl2:氯化锌BaCl2:氯化钡FeCl2:氯化亚铁AlCl3:氯化铝FeCl3:氯化铁碳酸盐 CaCO3:碳酸钙Na2CO3:碳酸钠NaHCO3:碳酸氢钠BaCO3:碳酸钡K2CO3:碳酸钾NH4HCO3:碳酸氢铵硫酸盐：Na2SO4:硫酸钠ZnSO4:硫酸锌MgSO4:硫酸镁CaSO4:硫酸钙CuSO4:硫酸铜BaSO4:硫酸钡FeSO4:硫酸亚铁Fe2(SO4)3:硫酸铁Al2(SO4)3:
5、硫酸铝(NH4)2SO4:硫酸铵Na2SO3:亚硫酸钠硝酸盐：AgNO3:硝酸银NaNO3:硝酸钠Cu(NO3)2:硝酸铜KNO3:硝酸钾H4NO3:硝酸铵NaNO2:亚硝酸钠文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档
6、编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL1
7、0Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X
8、10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 H
9、G2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1
10、N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 Z
11、Q6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2
12、X3G2学习好资料欢迎下载钾盐：KMnO4:高锰酸钾K2MnO4:锰酸钾KClO3:氯酸钾有机化合物：C2H5OH:乙醇C6H12O6:葡萄糖CH4:甲烷九年级化学方程式分类：1.碳充分燃烧:C+O2点燃CO22.碳不充分燃烧:2C+O2点燃2CO3.一氧化碳燃烧:2CO+O2点燃2CO2 4.产生一氧化碳:C+CO2高温2CO5.硫燃烧:S+O2点燃SO26.红磷燃烧:4P+5O2点燃2P2O57.氢气燃烧:2H2+O2点燃2H2O 8.铁燃烧:3Fe+2O2点燃Fe3O49.镁燃烧:2Mg+O2点燃2Mg O 10.铝燃烧:4Al+3O2点燃2Al2O311.甲烷燃烧:CH4+2O2点燃C
13、O2+2H2O 12.酒精燃烧:C2H5OH+3O2点燃2CO2+3H2O 13.呼吸原理:C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2O 14.高锰酸钾制氧气:2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O215.氯酸钾制氧气:2KClO3MnO22KCl+3O216.过氧化氢制氧气:2H2O2 MnO2 2H2O+O217.水通电分解:2H2O2H2O218.氧化汞分解:2HgO2Hg+O219.实验室制氢气的原理:Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H220.镁或硫酸性质:Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H221.铁或硫酸性质:Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H222.铝或硫酸性质:2Al+3H2SO4=Al2
14、(SO4)3+3H223.镁或盐酸性质:Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H224.锌或盐酸性质:Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H225.铁或盐酸性质:Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H226.铝或盐酸性质:2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H227.酸或碱的性质:NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O 28.酸或碱的性质:Ca(OH)2+2HCl=CaCl2+2H2O 文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S
15、2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文
16、档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL
17、10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3
18、X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7
19、HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L
20、1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1
21、ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2学习好资料欢迎下载29.酸或碱的性质:2NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+2H2O 30.酸或碱的性质:Ca(OH)2+H2SO4=CaSO4+2H2O 30.除铁锈的原理或金属氧化物与酸的性质:Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O Fe2O3+3H2SO4=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O 31.制取 CO2或 CaCO3 作补钙药剂:CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+CO2+H2O 32.碳酸盐或
22、酸的性质:Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+CO2+H2O 33.治疗胃酸过多症的原理:NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2+H2O 34.氯化钠与硝酸银反应产生白色沉淀:NaCl+AgNO3=NaNO3+AgCl 35.制取氢氧化钠的原理:Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3+2NaOH 36.氢氧化钠与硫酸铜反应产生蓝色沉淀:2NaOH+CuSO4=Na2SO4+Cu(OH)237.制取水煤气的原理:C+H2O高温H2+CO 38.氢气还原氧化铜:H2CuOCu+H2O 39.碳还原氧化铜:C+2CuO高温2Cu+CO240.一氧化碳还原氧化铜:CO+CuOCu+CO241.氢气还
23、原氧化铁:Fe2O3+3H2高温2Fe+3H2O 42.碳还原氧化铁:2Fe2O3+3C高温4Fe+3CO243.工业炼铁的原理:Fe2O3+3CO高温2Fe+3CO244.铁置换硫酸铜中的铜:Fe+CuSO4=Cu+FeSO445.铜置换硝酸银中的银:Cu+2AgNO3=2Ag+Cu(NO3)246.铝置换硫酸铜中的铜:2Al+3CuSO4=3Cu+Al2(SO4)347.生石灰制熟石灰:H2O+CaO=Ca(OH)248.碳酸不稳定:H2CO3=H2O+CO249.工业制生石灰的原理:CaCO3高温CaO+CO250.检验 CO2或澄清石灰水变浑浊原理:CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3+
24、H2O 51.烧碱变质的原理:CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O 52.碱与非金属氧化物的性质SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O SO3+2NaOH=Na2SO4+H2O 53.非金属氧化物的性质：H2O+CO2=H2CO3H2O+SO2=H2SO3H2O+SO3=H2SO4:文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D
25、1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O6S2X3G2文档编码:CL10Q9E3X10F7 HG2I9L1N2D1 ZQ6O
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