重大社人工智能英语入门——练习题答案汇总.docx

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1、人工智能英语入门An Introduction to AI EnglishExercises and Keys练习题及答案Chapter 4 The Embodiment of Artificial IntelligenceExercises KeysBanked Cloze1-5.E JAOH 6-10. B LI DCTerm Explanation(1) Weak Artificial Intelligence: Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is a type of Artificial Intelligence that implements a

2、 limited part of mind, or, is focused on one narrow task. In John Searles terms it would be useful for testing hypothesis about minds, but would not actually be minds”. It is contrasted with strong AI, which is defined as a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to any problem, rather than j

3、ust one specific problem, sometimes considered to require consciousness, sentience and mind. Weak AI lacks human consciousness, although it may be able to simulate it at times.(2) Strong Artificial Intelligence: Strong AI is a theoretical form of machine intelligence that is equal to human intellige

4、nce. Key characteristics of strong AI include the ability to reason, solve puzzles, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate. It should also have consciousness, objective thoughts, self-awareness, sentience, and sapience.(3) Computer Vision: It refers to an interdisciplinary scientific field tha

5、t deals with how computers can gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to understand and automate tasks that the human visual system can do.(4) Machine Learning: It refers to the study of computer algorithms that improve automaticall

6、y through experience and by the use of data. It is seen as a part of Artificial Intelligence. Machine Learning algorithms build a model based on sample data, known as training data”, in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine Learning algorithms a

7、re used in a wide variety of applications, such as in medicine, email filtering, and Computer Vision, where it is difficult or unfeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks.1. Translation Exercises3-1 English-Chinese TranslationAlphaGo是如何解决围棋的复杂性以及设计师的游戏水平所带来的限制的？ AlphaGo

8、 大量使用机器学习来防止使用手工规那么，提高了效率。机器学习是人工智能的一种类型，它 为计算机提供了无需精心编程的学习能力。AlphaG。还使用深度学习和神经网络来教自己下 棋。就像iPhotos能够帮助你根据不同的字符将照片分为不同的相册，因为它存储了无数的 字符图像，这些图像已经被处理到了像素级别，AlphaG。的智能是基于它已经从人类下过的 游戏中看到了数百万的围棋位置和动作。3-2 Chinese-English TranslationWith advances in robotics and Artificial Intelligence continuing to surprise

9、 us, there probably is not a single industry being left untouched by these technologies. Clearly, both robotics and AI are powerful markets. The combination of these two technologies can change our lives for the better. For instance, the combined application of these two technologies makes the retai

10、l industry increasingly automated. Though some believe that robots are dangerous for our society and could gradually make humans obsolete, the reality is far less dramatic, at least in the retail world.2. Short Answering Questions(1)AI gives robots a computer vision to navigate, sense and calculate

11、their reaction accordingly. Robots learn to perform their tasks from humans through Machine Learning which again is a part of computer programming and AI.(2)While deep learning can automatically discover the feature to be used for classification in unsupervised exercises, Machine Learning requires t

12、hese features to be labeled manually with more rigid rulesets. In contrast to Machine Learning, deep learning requires significant computing power and training data to deliver more accurate results.(3)Hacks, heuristics and algorithms.(4)The key technological issues facing expert systems lie in the a

13、reas of software standards and methodology, knowledge acquisition, handling uncertainty, and validation.3. Questions for DiscussionAnswers may vary.Chapter 5 The Applications of Artificial Intelligencein the Financial FieldExercises KeysBanked Cloze1-5.NAFGK 6-lO.DBOIMTerm Explanation(1) Central Pro

14、cessing Unit (CPU): Central Processing Unit (or simply processor) is the main chip in a computer responsible for carrying out all tasks. Its responsible for telling all the other components in a computer what to do, according to the instructions it is given by the programs (software) running on that

15、 computer.(2) Machine Translation (MT): Machine translation systems are applications or online services that use machine-learning technologies to translate large amounts of text from and to any of their supported languages. The service translates a “source“ text from one language to a different t4ta

16、rget language. Although the concepts behind machine translation technology and the interfaces to use it are relatively simple, the science and technologies behind it are extremely complex and bring together several leading-edge technologies, in particular, deep learning (Artificial Intelligence), bi

17、g data, linguistics, cloud computing, and web APIs.(3) Free Trade Agreement (FTA): A free trade agreement is a pact between two or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them. Under a free trade policy, goods and services can be bought and sold across international borders with

18、 little or no government tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or prohibitions to inhibit their exchange.(4) Blockchain: Blockchain is a shared, immutable ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network. An asset can be tangible (a house, car, cash, land

19、) or intangible (intellectual property, patents, copyrights, branding). Virtually anything of value can be tracked and traded on a blockchain network, reducing risks, and cutting costs for all involved.1. Translation Exercises3-1 English-Chinese Translation在过去十年中，很多公司都想摆脱官僚化，通过减少职务，精简程序，给团队更多自主 权，让公

20、司运作更灵活。现在公司开始引进人工智能，AI,却没意识到这个很酷的科技可能 让他们变得更加官僚。为什么呢？因为人工智能的运作方式就很官僚。官僚的本质就是看重 规那么和程序，而非人类自身的判断，而且只根据规那么做决策。虽然人工智能是依据原有规那么 形成的，但只有规那么。假设我们抛弃人类的判断，运用人工智能将带来可怕的新官僚主义一 我称之为人工智能官僚主义(algocracy),也就是说人工智能将脱离人类的控制，仅凭规 那么做出越来越多重要决策。3-2 Chinese-English TranslationioThe thing that we all talk about, mobile pay

21、ment, has become a reality in China. In 2020, about 122.72 trillion RMB were transacted on mobile internet in China, and thats because of very robust technologies built behind it. The technology is used by around 700 million people to pay each other. The mobile payment market in China is enormous, w

22、hich helps give enterprises more users, more revenue, more investment, but most importantly, mobile payment gives the enterprises a chance to collect a huge amount of data which become rocket fuel for the AI engine.2. Short Answering Questions(l)Chatbots can engage consumers online, take financial i

23、nformation and objectives, evaluate that data and available options, and provide financial advice. Also, chatbots can capture data, disperse it to databases, and developing consumer profiles that can be used to proactively identify future financial needs.(2)Human intelligence is better than Artifici

24、al Intelligence in inteipreting and analyzing data, and providing consulting services.(3)Working in the cloud technology, automation of accounting tasks, and blockchain technology.(4)It can be used improve predictions of future trends and to better manage risk along the supply chain. By allowing bus

25、iness to better manage complex and dispersed production units, such tools improve the overall efficiency of GVCs. Robotics can increase productivity and efficiency in packing and inventory inspection. Business can also use AI to improve physical inspection and maintenance of assets along supply chai

26、ns. AI could also create trends toward on-shoring of production.3. Questions for DiscussionAnswers may vary.11Chapter 6 The Application of Artificial Intelligencein Public ServicesExercises Keysl.Banked Cloze1-5. HEN BI 6-10. JLMDF2.Term Explanation(l)The smart cockpit includes functions such as int

27、elligent voice interaction, driver monitoring, and multimedia entertainment. Among them, intelligent voice interaction is widely used in multimedia entertainment, driving navigation and other functions, to promote driver monitoring in long-distance freight, dangerous goods transportation, passenger

28、transportation, online carhailing and other scenarios.(2)Uncooperative thermometry is an infrared body temperature measurement that is accurate, fast and non-contact. For example, at stations passengers do not need to stop, and there is no need for staff to step forward to perform temperature measur

29、ement operations. Passengers have synchronized into the temperature measurement range when they pass the security check, and the system has implemented the measurement of personnel Temperature, the staff can directly obtain the body temperature value through the screen. Compared with the handheld th

30、ermometer, uncooperative thermometry is faster, which can effectively shorten the time measuring passenger s temperature and increase the speed of entering the station.(3) Cloning attack is a mobile attack model, called application clone1, which attacks almost all mobile applications based on some b

31、asic design features of mobile applications.(4) Smart identity authentication is an important part of the construction of the unified government service platform at this stage. It is an effective method to confirm user identities and system permissions, to prevent illegal users such as hackers from

32、entering the system, and to ensure the data security of the system and the interests of legitimate users.3. Translation Exercises3-1 English-Chinese Translation我国的交通产业经过长期持续的开展已经得到长足的进步，尤其是交通基础设施,公路、 铁路等的总里程均为世界第前列。随着政策的鼓励、资本的投入和需求的扩大，我国智慧交 通行业开展迅速，行业整体的创新能力、企业的市场竞争力、技术成果的应用规模和水平不 断的提升，行业整体开展态势良好。口前

33、，人工智能在交通领域的应用主要集中在出行服务、 载运工具、交通管理、交通规划、基础设施等领域。3-2 Chinese-English TranslationIn the context of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, emerging technologies represented by Cloud Computing, Big Data, and AI are not only integrated12 with the industry, but must also b

34、e integrated with government management and services to achieve a new generation of E-government, that is, smart government. Based on AI and other technologies, not only will it be able to realize flexible and scalable, data-driven, intelligent and efficient government services, but it also will be

35、able to realize personalized and Cloud-based government services in the new era.4. Short Answering Questions(l)In short-term planning, by analyzing residents* travel behavior and preferences, it is possible to accurately grasp their travel time and space characteristics and then carry out network pl

36、anning, vehicle planning, etc., such as optimization of bus routes, tidal lanes setting, etc. More factors are considered in long-term planning, such as the expansion of urban scale, population growth, increase in the number of vehicles, as well as constraints on resources, environment, and safety.(

37、2)A typical intelligent government decision-making system should be a closed-loop structure composed of four subsystems: a decision-making data analysis system, a decision-making expert system, a decision-making simulation system, and a tracking evaluation system.(3)With the general application of n

38、etwork technology in smart home and the maturity of network appliances, many product functions of home automation will be integrated into these new products, so that simple home automation products in system design less and less, and its core position will be replaced by the home network system. It

39、will function as the control network part of the home network in the smart home.(4)AI can help doctors locate the lesion area by learning a lot of medical images and reduce the problem of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.5. Questions for DiscussionAnswers may vary.13Chapter 7 Artificial Intelligenc

40、e and Ethical IssuesExercises Keysl.Banked Cloze1-5.FBEAD 6-10. MJKIO.Terms Explanation(1)AI employment discrimination: Bias towards women and other minority groups as a result of AI calculation results based on previous resumes.(2) Monopoly: Firm concentration toward few, large firms with lots of m

41、arket power.(3) Autonomous mode: A mode when a car is controlled by the self-driving, or AI, system.(4) Social mobility:The movement of individuals, families, or groups through a system of social hierarchy or stratification; job opportunities are essential for this.2 .Translation Exercises3-1 Englis

42、h-Chinese Translation尽管人工智能有可能完全不同于以往的科技进步，但在自动化是否会取代工作这一点上, 我们依然应该持保存态度。有一些工作，乃至具体的小任务，有可能会被取代，但是职员们 会被安排新的工作，完成新的任务。对于做初级或者中级工作的人来说，有可能新的工作难 度会变低，意味着收入和福利中至少一样会有所降低。但另一方面，能够和新技术形成互补 的职工可以从自动化中受益，更高的生产力能给他们带来更高的时薪。还有极少数成功的科 技公司的首席执行官们将迎来收入的爆炸式增长。3-2 Chinese- English TranslationCompared with employm

43、ent problems, traffic issues are more difficult to tackle. The picture is more difficult as many unexpected things could happen anytime on the road, and human lives are at risk. Nevertheless, we are on the way to better Self-Driving Cars. Researchers call for more attentions to the ethical responsib

44、ilities held by design engineers. And more practically, researchers are also trying to refine the decision-making process of Self-Driving Cars by making use of virtual reality.3 .Short Answer Questions(1) No; the autonomous mode was engaged on the car, and it is difficult for the driver to become aw

45、are of the surroundings and take action with little notice.(2) AI can only make decisions based on the input data. When the data are problematic and when the situation is unfamiliar, AI makes mistakes.(3) Richer people have better abilities to be retrained for new jobs; the importance of ”soft skill

46、s“ like communication and confidence is rising; the number of jobs used as stepping stones” into professional industries is reducing.14(4) Workers who possess skills that are complementary to new technologies.5.Questions for DiscussionAnswers may vary.15Chapter 8 Impacts of AI on Job Market, Skill D

47、evelopmentand Future Workforce StrategyExercises Keysl.Banked Cloze1-5. KEAGC 6-lO.DBMON2. Terms Explanation(1) Data analyst: Data analyst is a person whose job is to examine information in order to find something out, or to help with making decisions.(2) Neural network: Neural network is a computer

48、 system or a type of computer program that is designed to copy the way in which the human brain operates.(3) Shareware: Shareware refers to computer programs that you are allowed to use for a short period before you decide if you want to buy them.(4) ICT： ICT is an abbreviation for information and c

49、ommunication technology: a school subject in which students learn to use computers and other electronic equipment to store and send information3.Translation Exercises3-1 English-Chinese Translation人工智能带来的影响已不仅仅停留在理论层面；它已经表达在我们当前的诸多方面。因 此我们更进一步地研究了职场中日益涌现的人工智能技能是如何在全球范围内影响不同产 业和工作职能的。我们对全球新兴技能的研究揭示了一些开展趋势。首先，人工智能技能是 领英职业社交网站上开展最快的技能之一，在2015年到2017年期间增长了百分之一百九。 其次，我们发现，尽管人工智能技能在每个产业中都在开展，数据说明那些在工作中表达出 更多人工智能