2022年中考英语名词性从句讲解含练习.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神名词性从句 主语从句 主语从句的语序 主语从句要求使用陈述句语序,而非一般疑问句语序;如:What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 使我感到惊奇的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了;How he was successful is still a puzzle. 他是如何胜利的仍旧是个谜;连接词的选用(1)that 和 what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导主语从句;可作从句的主语、宾语或表语;而 接词
2、作用;如:what 除起连接作用外,仍在名词性从句中充当某些成分,that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,无词义,只起连What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书;That light travels in straight lines is known to all. (2)if 和 whether 的选用众所周知,光线沿直线运行;引导主语从句,不能用 if,只能用 whether ;如:Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要
3、看天气而定;(3)其它连接代词和副词的选用依据主语从句的详细意义,正确的挑选who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词,这些连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分;如:When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举办运动会仍没有打算;Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 仍不清晰昨天谁打破了玻璃;Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. (4)whatever /
4、 whoever 的功用你打算买哪一辆车都不会有任何区分;whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义;它引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语等; whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who;要留意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区分;如:Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句)(Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. )Whoever breaks the law, he shou
5、ld be punished. (让步状语从句)( No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. )it 构成的主语从句(1)由连词 that 引导的主语从句,在大多数情形下会放到句子的后面,而用代词 it 作形式主语;谓语是 seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be ones hope, be likely 等词或短语时;It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知,地球环绕太阳转;需要留意的是,i
6、t 作形式主语代替主语从句时,要留意和as 引导的定语从句的区分;试比较:名师归纳总结 It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主语从句,有that ,无逗号)第 1 页,共 14 页As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. (定语从句,无that ,有逗号)上两句- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷;下笔如有神意为“ 据报道,美国遭到恐惧分子的突击”用于 It is suggested / r
7、equired / ordered / demanded that.句型中 ,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词; 主语从句应使用虚拟语气 ,谓语动词用 should + 动词原形 ,should 可以省略;例如 : It is suggested that you should spend more time in studying English. 英语;(2)常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构1.It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good newsIts a pity that you missed
8、the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了;你应当花更多的时间学习 ) that 如:2. It is necessary ( clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely ) that需要留意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词许多为“(should)动词原形”,即要用虚拟语气;如:It is necessary that you ( should)master the computer. 你很有必要把握电脑;It is important that a student learn English well.
9、 同学学好英语很重要;Its clear that they badly need help. 很明显,他们急需救济;It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 飓风很可能立刻就要到达了;3.It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered ) that 如:It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了;4.It seem
10、s (happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / ) that 如:It seems that they will win the game. 看起来他们似乎会赢得这场竞赛;It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参与会议都无关紧要;The Foreign Minister said, _ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. A. This is B.
11、There is C. That is D. It is 句式用形式主语 it 引导的主语从句相当多,有些已形成固定的语法和译法;常见的有:It is said that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报导 It is well known that. 众所周知 It is announced that. 据宣布 It is believed that. 人们信任 It is thought that. 人们认为 It is understood that. 自不待言 It must be pointed out that. 必需指出 It must be admitte
12、d that. 必需承认 否定转移1 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用确定式;I dont think I know you. 我想我并不熟悉你;I don t believe he will come. 我信任他不回来;留意:如谓语动词为 hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移;I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧;2 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面;It doesnt seem that
13、they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去;It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气;3 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定;名师归纳总结 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人;not 否定动名词第 2 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神短语 having Its not a place where
14、 anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上生疏的人;anyone 作主语, 从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式; 4 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前;The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.否定状语 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食;He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事;否定 because
15、 状语 他并She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.否定状语 many weeks她结婚仍不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就观察她了,并对她的美貌着了迷;1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astr
16、onauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 3._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后, 一般结构是 “ 主语连系动词表语从句”;可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等;引导表语从句的 that常可省略;另外,常用的仍有the reason is th
17、at 和 It is because 等结构;例如:1 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2 This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复
18、合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句;1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由that 引导,例如:1 The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开;例如:He got the news from Mar
19、y that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分,而同位 1 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分;2 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特 征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明;例如:1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告知我的消息是汤姆明名师归纳总结 年将出国;)(
20、第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语)(同位语第 3 页,共 14 页2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. (汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神从句, that 在句中不作任何成分)宾语从句 一. 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语;依据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类;1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句;That 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,
21、在口语和非正式文体中可以省略;例如:He said that he wanted to stay at home. She doesn t know that she is seriously ill. I am sure that he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句;这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分;例如:Do you know who whom they are waiting foe. He asked whose handwritin
22、g was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is. I don t know why the train is late.If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“ 是否”;例如:3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句;I want to know if whether he lives there. He asked me whether if I could help him. 二. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序;例如:I hear that physics isnt easy.I think
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