2022年教育学专业英语复习材料.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、 My Pedagogic creed我的训练信条 约翰 杜越I believe that all education proceeds by the participation of the individual in the social consciousness of the race. This process begins unconsciously almost at birth, and is continually shaping the individuals powers, saturating his conscio

2、usness, forming his habits, training his ideas, and arousing his feelings and emotions. 我信任,一切训练都是通过个人参加人类的社会意识而进行的；这个过程几乎是在诞生时就在无意识中开头了,它不断塑造个人的能力,熏染他的意识,培育他的习惯,训练他的思维,并激发他的感觉和心情；I believe that the school is primarily a social institution. Education being a social process, the school is simply that

3、 form of community life in which all those agencies are concentrated that will be most effective in bringing the child to share in the inherited resources of the race, and to use his own powers for social ends.我信任,学校是一个最主要的社会机构；训练是一种社会性的过程,学校仅仅是社会生活的一种形式；在社会生活中全部的这些机构 都致力于高效的让孩子们去共享传承下来的民族资源,并且使用自己

4、的力气去实现社会目的；I believe that this educational process has two sides - one psychological and one sociological; and that neither can be subordinated to the other or neglected without evil results following. 我认为,这个训练过程有两方面：一个是心理方面,另一个是社 会方面；它们是平行并重的,哪一方面也不能偏废；否就,随之而来 结果是可怕的；In order to know what a power r

5、eally is we must know what its end, use, or function is; and this we cannot know save as we conceive of the individual as active in social relationships. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 我们为了知道才能到底是什么,我们就必需知道它的目的, 用途或功能是什么,而这些,是无法知道的,除非我们认为个人是在社会 关系中活动的；To prepare him for the

6、future life means to give him command of himself; it means so to train him that he will have the full and ready use of all his capacities; that his eye and ear and hand may be tools ready to command, that his judgment may be capable of grasping the conditions under which it has to work, and the exec

7、utive forces be trained to act economically and efficiently. 预备儿童使其适应将来生活,那意思便是要使他能治理自己,要训练他能充分并随时运用他的各种才能,这些才能由他的眼、 耳和手去掌控,他的判定要能抓住那些那些能帮忙他作出判定的条件,他的 执行力要被训练的节约而富有效率；In sum, I believe that the individual who is to be educated is a social individual and that society is an organic union of individual

8、s. 总之我信受训练的个人是社会人,社会是很多个人的有机结合；Education, therefore, must begin with a psychological insight into the childs capacities, interests, and habits. It must be controlled at every point by reference to these same considerations. 因此,训练必需从心理学上探究儿童的能量,爱好和习惯开头,它的每个方面,训练的每一个方面都必需被掌握在这些考虑之中；二、 The secret of ch

9、ildhood童年的隐秘玛利亚 蒙台梭利In fact in every educational ideal, in all pedagogy up to our own time, the word education has been almost always synonymous with the word punishment. The end was always to subject the child to the adult, who substituted himself for nature, and set his reasoning and his will in t

10、he place of the laws of life. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 事实上,在每一个抱负的训练中, 在迄今为止全部的训练理论中,训练这个词差不多总是和惩处这个词是同义词,目的总是要儿童听从成人,成人替代了自然,并且用他的理由和意志替代了生活的法就；In the midst of a continual progress in favor of the adult they have remained as beings not belonging to human society, extr

11、a-social, without any means of communication that would allow society to become aware of their condition. They might be victims without societys being aware.在成年人的支持下, 这个观点不断的进展成主流, 他们仍旧被认为不属于人类社会, 独立于社会之外, 没有一种沟通方式能让社会意识到他们的情形；没有被社会意识到, 这让很可能让他们成为牺牲品；They were shut up there, exposed to the enforced

12、torments of society. The narrow chest that brought an acquired predisposition to tuberculosis, came from long hours spent bending over desks, learning to read and write. 他们被关在学校里, 暴露在社会强加的痛楚中； 儿童长时间伏案读书写字,使他们的胸膛受到挤压而变得狭小,简单患肺病；Before going to school some of them had walked miles to distribute milk,

13、or had gone running and shouting through the streets, selling newspapers, or had been working at home. They reached school hungry, sleepy, with the sole wish to rest. 在他们上学之前, 有些儿童已经步行好几英里给住户送牛奶,或在街头奔跑呼喊出售报纸,或在家里劳动,因此,他们到学校时又累 又饿,昏昏欲睡,他们最大的愿望就是休息；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

14、 - The child who is punished in school must consign his sentence to his father, so that the father may join with the teacher in punishing him and scolding him. He is then forced to take back to school a writing from his father, as a proof that he has accused himself to his other executioner, who ass

15、ociated himself, at least in principle, with the persecution of his own son. Thus the child is condemned to carry his own cross. 一个孩子 ZQ在学校受了惩处,必需把动身转告给他的父亲,使父亲可以和老师一起惩处和责骂孩子；然后孩子被迫把他父亲的字条送回学校, 证明他已经向另一个刽子手投案,这另一个刽子手至少在 原就上参加了对自己儿子的迫害； 因此孩子被声讨而去背负他自己的 十字架；The energy that moves it emanates from the o

16、uter world, like an immense impersonal power coming from society as a whole, and functioning inexorably. Forward. Ever forward. 推动这个问题的能量是从外部世界动身的,似乎从整个社会来的一股庞大的非人格的力气无情的作用着；前进！永久前进！三、 General Education大众训练罗伯特 赫钦斯It means having a common stock of fundamental ideas . this becomes more important as em

17、pirical science advances and accumulate more and more date 它是指对基本思想有肯定的熟悉； 这是很重要的对于体会科学的 进步, 并且积存了越来越多的数据；The scheme that I advance is based on the notion that general education is education for everybody , whether he goes on to the university or not. It will be useful to him in the university ,it w

18、ill be equally useful if he never goes there. 我的方案是依据这个想法提出的, 即大众训练是对每一个人的教育,不论他是上高校仍是不上高校；这对他是有用的在高校里,假如名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他从来没有去上高校,这也是同样有用得；Material prosperity and adjustment to the environment are good more or less ,but they are not good in themselves and the

19、re are other goods beyond them；物质上的胜利和对环境的适应或多或少是有益的,但是它们本身 不是有益的,而是在它们之外仍有很多好处；we renounce our intellectual heritage ,read only the most recent books, discuss only current events, try to keep the schools abreast or even ahead of the times, and write elaborate addresses on education and Social Chang

20、e. 我们抛弃理智的传统,只阅读最近代的书,只争论当前的时事,试图使学校与时代并肩前进, 甚至超越时代, 并写下关于训练社会变迁的细心制作的论述；Education implies teaching. Teaching implies knowledge. Knowledge is truth. the truth is everywhere the same . Hence education should be everywhere the same 训练意味着教学； 教学意味着学问；学问即是真理；真理在任何地方都是相同的；因此,训练在任何地方也应当是相同的；In recent years

21、 this attitude has been accentuated by the world-wide depression and the highly advertised political , social, and economic changes resulting from it. 近年来,这种看法已经由于世界范畴的不景气和大肆宣扬由此引发的政治、社会和经济的变化而更为加强；In general education we are interested in drawing out the elements of our common human nature ; we are interested in the attributes of the race , not the accidents of individuals. 在大众训练中,我们所关怀的是引出我们共同的人性中种种因素；我们所关怀的是民族的价值,而不是个人的命运；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页